# ALLEGRO MICROSYSTEMS, INC. (ALGM) FY 2024 MD&A

Verbatim Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis from ALLEGRO MICROSYSTEMS, INC.'s 10-K for fiscal year 2024.

SEC filing source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/866291/000095017024063770/algm-20240329.htm
Accession: 0000950170-24-063770
Filing date: 2024-05-23
Report date: 2024-03-29
Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary.
Confidence: high

Company profile: /company/ALGM/
All MD&A years: /company/ALGM/mda/
Previous year: /company/ALGM/mda/fy2023/ (FY 2023)
Next year: /company/ALGM/mda/fy2025/ (FY 2025)

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and other information included elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical data, this discussion contains forward-looking statements about our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and prospects based on current expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to those differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements” included elsewhere in this Annual Report. Additionally, our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future.

We operate on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year ending on the last Friday of March. Each fiscal quarter has 13 weeks, except in a 53-week year, when the fourth fiscal quarter has 14 weeks. All references to “2024,” “fiscal year 2024” or similar references relate to the 52-week period ended March 29, 2024. All references to “2023,” “fiscal year 2023” or similar references relate to the 53-week period ended March 31, 2023.

This section discusses items pertaining to and comparisons of financial results between 2024 and 2023. A discussion of 2022 items and comparisons between 2023 and 2022 financial results can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7. of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on May 25, 2023.

Overview

Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. is a leading global designer, developer, fabless manufacturer and marketer of sensor ICs and application-specific analog power ICs enabling the most critical technologies in the automotive and industrial markets. We are a leading supplier of magnetic sensor IC solutions worldwide based on market share, driven by our market leadership in the automotive market. Our products are foundational to automotive and industrial electronic systems. Our sensor ICs enable our customers to precisely measure motion, speed, position and current, while our power ICs include high-temperature and high-voltage capable motor drivers, power management ICs, LED driver ICs and isolated gate drivers. We believe that our technology expertise, combined with our deep applications knowledge and strong customer relationships, enable us to develop solutions that provide more value to customers than typical ICs. Compared to a typical IC, our solutions are more integrated, intelligent and sophisticated for complex applications and easier for customers to use.

We are headquartered in Manchester, New Hampshire and have a global footprint with 29 locations across four continents. Our portfolio includes more than 1,000 products, and we ship over 1.5 billion units annually to more than 10,000 customers worldwide. During fiscal years 2024 and 2023, we generated $1,049.4 million and $973.7 million in total net sales, respectively, with $152.9 million and $187.5 million in net income, respectively.

Recent Initiatives to Improve Results of Operations

We implemented several initiatives during fiscal years 2023 and 2024 that were designed to improve our operating results during those fiscal years and going forward.

We continue to implement initiatives to improve gross margin, which is calculated as gross profit divided by total net sales. Our gross margin decreased from 56.1% in fiscal year 2023 to 54.8% in fiscal year 2024. This gross margin decrease was a result of our product mix, as well as the addition of cost of goods sold acquired from Crocus.

With our efforts to leverage our fixed costs and operating margin improvements, we have attained efficiencies through cost structure improvements, streamlining of manufacturing and support processes, and further utilization of excess capacity. These manufacturing efficiencies allowed us to leverage higher volumes with increasing demand across most of our applications, while increasing the absorption of fixed costs. Although these initiatives have resulted in gross margin and operating income improvements over the previous quarters, we cannot ensure that these trends will continue over the long-term.

In September 2022, we completed the acquisition of Heyday, a privately held company specializing in compact, fully integrated isolated gate drivers that enable energy conversion in high-voltage gallium nitride and silicon carbide wide-bandgap semiconductor designs (the “Heyday Acquisition”). The Heyday Acquisition expanded our solutions for energy efficiency, including our market-leading current sensor solutions. Additionally, it significantly expanded Allegro’s addressable market for EV, solar inverters, EV charging infrastructure, network infrastructure, and broad-based market industrial applications.

On March 30, 2023, the Company entered into a termination of the distribution agreement with Sanken (the “Termination Agreement”). The Termination Agreement formally terminated the distribution agreement dated as of July 5, 2007, by and between the Company and Sanken (the “Distribution Agreement”), effective March 31, 2023, which provided Sanken the exclusive right to distribute the Company’s products in Japan. In connection with the termination of the Distribution Agreement, and, as provided for in the

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Termination Agreement, the Company made a one-time payment of $5.0 million to Sanken in exchange for the cancellation of Sanken’s exclusive distribution rights in Japan. Concurrent with the Termination Agreement, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“AML”), and Sanken also entered into a short-term, nonexclusive distribution agreement (the “Short-Term Distribution Agreement”) and a consulting agreement (the “Consulting Agreement”), each of which became effective on April 1, 2023. The Short-Term Distribution Agreement provided for the management and sale of Company product inventory for a period of 24 months. Under the terms of the Consulting Agreement, Sanken agreed to continue to provide transition services for a period of six months to a strategic customer as orders for the customer were transitioned from Sanken to the Company, and the Company agreed to pay Sanken for providing these transition services.

These agreements facilitated the transition of the distribution of our products in Japan from related party distributor sales through Sanken to third-party distributors and direct customers in Japan. Additionally, we invested in expanding our operations in Japan to directly manage and service our customers in that market, which resulted in increases in our cost of goods sold and operating expenses. The net impacts of the transition from the prior sales model in Japan is expected to provide incremental benefits to our gross margin over the long-term.

On August 7, 2023, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) by and among the Company, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“AML”), Silicon Structures LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of AML (“Merger Sub”), Crocus Technology International Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Crocus”), and NanoDimension Management Limited, as the representative of the Crocus shareholders. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, on October 31, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), Merger Sub merged with and into Crocus, with Crocus continuing as the surviving corporation and as a wholly owned subsidiary of AML (the “Transaction”). The aggregate purchase price paid by the Company on the Closing Date was $412.3 million in cash, subject to certain remaining working capital adjustments.

On September 11, 2023, AML entered into a note purchase agreement with Crocus, wherein AML agreed to purchase subordinated promissory notes up to the principal amount of $7 million, subject to certain terms and conditions contained in the note purchase agreement. AML issued an initial subordinated promissory note to Crocus in the principal amount of $4 million on September 11, 2023 and an additional subordinated promissory note in the principal amount of $3 million on October 2, 2023 (collectively the “Crocus Loans”). Interest on each of the Crocus Loans accrued from the date of the note on the unpaid principal balance at a rate equal to 12.5% per annum, computed on the basis of the actual number of days elapsed and a year consisting of 365 days. All unpaid principal, together with any then unpaid and accrued interest and other amounts payable thereunder, were due and payable on the earlier of (i) September 11, 2027 or (ii) when, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, such amounts were declared due and payable by AML or made automatically due and payable, in each case, in accordance with the terms thereof. The Crocus Loans were repaid in full in connection with the closing of the Transaction described above.

On October 31, 2023, we entered into a $250 million term loan maturing in 2030 (the “2023 Term Loan Facility”), the proceeds of which were used to repay all outstanding term loans under the term loan agreement dated September 30, 2020, with Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent, collateral agent, and the other agents, arrangers and lenders parties thereto and to finance, in part, the Transaction. The 2023 Term Loan Facility was executed as an incremental amendment to the revolving facility credit agreement dated June 21, 2023 (the “2023 Revolving Credit Agreement”) with Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as administrative agent, collateral agent, a letter of credit issuer and a lender, and the other agents, lenders and letter of credit issuers parties thereto. The 2023 Term Loan Facility amortizes at a rate of 0.25% per quarter, and the initial margin applicable to the 2023 Term Loan Facility is 2.75% for term SOFR-based loans and 1.75% for base rate loans.

In February 2024, the Company initiated a realignment of resources associated with our photonics and advanced 3D imaging solutions business to refocus spending on other technologies. As a result of the change in strategy, the Company recorded impairment charges of $11.6 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024 related to intangible, and long-lived assets from our 2021 acquisition of Voxtel, Inc. (“Voxtel”).

Other Key Factors and Trends Affecting our Operating Results

Our financial condition and results of operations have been, and will continue to be, affected by numerous other factors and trends, including the following:

Inflation

Inflation rates in the markets in which we operate have increased and may continue to rise. Inflation over the last several quarters has led us to experience higher costs, including higher labor costs, wafer and other costs for materials from suppliers, and transportation and energy costs. Our suppliers have raised their prices and may continue to raise prices, and in the competitive markets in which we operate, we may not be able to make corresponding price increases to preserve our gross margins and profitability. If inflation rates continue to rise or remain elevated for a sustained period of time, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. While we have generally been able to offset increases in these costs through

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various productivity and cost reduction initiatives, as well as adjusting our selling prices and releasing new products with improved gross margins, our ability to increase our average selling prices depends on market conditions and competitive dynamics. Given the timing of our actions compared to the timing of these inflationary pressures, there may be periods during which we are unable to fully recover the increases in our costs.

Design Wins with New and Existing Customers

Our end customers continually develop new products in existing and new application areas, and we work closely with our significant OEM customers in most of our target markets to understand their product roadmaps and strategies. For new products, the time from design initiation and manufacturing until we generate sales can be lengthy, typically between two and four years. As a result, our future sales are highly dependent on our continued success at winning design mandates from our customers. Further, despite current inflationary and pricing conditions, we expect the ASPs of our products to decline over time, and we consider design wins to be critical to our future success. We anticipate being increasingly dependent on revenue from newer design wins for our newer products. The selection process is typically lengthy and may require us to incur significant design and development expenditures in pursuit of a design win, with no assurance that our solutions will be selected. As a result, the loss of any key design win or any significant delay in the ramp-up of volume production of the customer’s products into which our product is designed could adversely affect our business. In addition, volume production is contingent upon the successful introduction and market acceptance of our customers’ end products, which may be affected by several factors beyond our control.

Customer Demand, Orders and Forecasts

Demand for our products is highly dependent on market conditions in the end markets in which our customers operate, which are generally subject to seasonality, cyclicality and competitive conditions. In addition, a substantial portion of our total net sales is derived from sales to customers that purchase large volumes of our products. These customers generally provide periodic forecasts of their requirements. However, these forecasts do not commit such customers to minimum purchases, and customers can revise these forecasts without penalty. In addition, as is customary in the semiconductor industry, customers are generally permitted to cancel orders for our products within a specified period. Cancellations of orders could result in the loss of anticipated sales without allowing us sufficient time to reduce our inventory and operating expenses. In addition, changes in forecasts or the timing of orders from customers expose us to the risks of inventory shortages or excess inventory. We are currently operating in an inflationary environment.

Manufacturing Costs and Product Mix

Gross margin has been, and will continue to be, affected by a variety of factors, including the ASPs of our products, product mix in a given period, material costs, yields, manufacturing costs and efficiencies. We believe the primary driver of gross margin is the ASP negotiated between us and our customers relative to material costs and yields. Our pricing and margins depend on the volumes and the features of the products we produce and sell to our customers. As our products mature and unit volumes increase, despite current price leverage, we expect their ASPs to decline in the long term. We continually monitor and work to reduce the cost of our products and improve the potential value our solutions provide to our customers, as we target new design win opportunities and manage the product life cycles of our existing customer designs. We also maintain a close relationship with our suppliers and subcontractors to improve quality, increase yields and lower manufacturing costs. As a result, these declines often coincide with improvements in manufacturing yields and lower wafer, assembly, and testing costs, which offset some or all of the margin reduction that results from declining ASPs. However, we expect our gross margin to fluctuate on a quarterly basis as a result of changes in ASPs due to product mix, new product introductions, transitions into volume manufacturing and manufacturing costs. Gross margin generally decreases if production volumes are lower as a result of decreased demand, which leads to a reduced absorption of our fixed manufacturing costs. Gross margin generally increases when the opposite occurs.

Cyclical Nature of the Semiconductor Industry

The semiconductor industry has historically been highly cyclical and is characterized by increasingly rapid technological change, product obsolescence, competitive pricing pressures, evolving standards, short product life cycles in consumer and other rapidly changing markets and fluctuations in product supply and demand. New technology may result in sudden changes in system designs or platform changes that may render some of our products obsolete and require us to devote significant research and development resources to compete effectively. Periods of rapid growth and capacity expansion are occasionally followed by significant market corrections in which sales decline, inventories accumulate, and facilities go underutilized. During periods of expansion, our margins generally improve as fixed costs are spread over higher manufacturing volumes and unit sales. In addition, we may build inventory to meet increasing market demand for our products during these times, which serves to absorb fixed costs further and increase our gross margins. During an expansion cycle, we may increase capital spending and hiring to add to our production capacity. During periods of slower growth or industry contractions, our sales, production and productivity and margins generally decline.

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Components of Our Results of Operations

Net sales

Our total net sales are derived from product sales to direct customers and distributors. We sell products globally through our direct sales force, third-party and related party distributors and independent sales representatives. Sales are derived from products for different applications. Our core applications are focused on the automotive, industrial and other industries.

We sell magnetic sensor ICs and power ICs in the Americas, EMEA and Asia. Net sales are generally recognized when control of the products is transferred to the customer, which typically occurs at a point in time upon shipment or delivery, depending on the terms of the contract. When we transact with a distributor, our contractual arrangement is with the distributor and not with the end customer. Whether we transact business with and receive the order from a distributor or directly from an end customer through our direct sales force and independent sales representatives, our revenue recognition policy and resulting pattern of revenue recognition for the order are the same. We recognize revenue net of sales returns, price protection adjustments, stock rotation rights and any other discounts or credits offered to our customers.

Cost of goods sold, gross profit and gross margin

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of costs of purchasing raw materials, costs associated with probe, assembly, test and shipping our products, costs of personnel, including stock-based compensation, costs of equipment associated with manufacturing, procurement, planning and management of these processes, costs of depreciation and amortization, costs of logistics and quality assurance, and costs of royalties, value-added taxes, utilities, repairs and maintenance of equipment, and an allocated portion of our facility occupancy costs.

Gross profit is calculated as total net sales less cost of goods sold. Gross profit is affected by numerous factors, including average selling price, revenue mix by product, channel and customer, foreign exchange rates, seasonality, manufacturing costs and the effective utilization of our facilities. Another factor impacting gross profit is the time required for the expansion of existing facilities to reach full production capacity. As a result, gross profit varies from period to period and year to year.

A significant portion of our costs are fixed, and as a result, costs are generally difficult to adjust or may take time to adjust in response to changes in demand. In addition, our fixed costs increase as we expand our capacity. If we expand capacity faster than required by our sales growth, our gross margin could be negatively affected.

Operating Expenses

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses

R&D expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs of our research and development organization, including stock-based compensation, costs of development of wafers and masks, license fees for computer-aided design software, costs of development testing and evaluation, costs of developing automated test programs, equipment depreciation and related occupancy and equipment costs. While most of the costs incurred are for new product development, a significant portion of these costs are related to process technology development, and proprietary package development. R&D expenses also include costs for technology development by external parties. We expect further increases in R&D expenses, in absolute dollars, as we continue the development of innovative technologies and processes for new product offerings, as well as increase the headcount of our R&D personnel in future years.

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses

SG&A expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs, including stock-based compensation, and sales commissions to independent sales representatives, professional fees, including the costs of accounting, audit, legal, regulatory and tax compliance. Additionally, costs related to advertising, trade shows, corporate marketing, as well as an allocated portion of our occupancy costs, also comprise SG&A expenses.

We anticipate our selling and marketing expenses will increase in absolute terms as we expand our sales force and increase our sales and marketing activities.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Impairment of long-lived assets consists primarily of impairment charges related to intangibles assets and other long-lived assets when factors exist that indicate the carrying amounts of these assets may not be recoverable.

Interest expense

Interest expense comprises of interest expense from term loan debt and credit facilities that we maintain with various financial institutions.

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Interest income

Interest income comprises of income earned on our cash and cash equivalents, consisting primarily of certain investments that have contractual maturities no greater than three months at the time of purchase.

Foreign currency transaction gain (loss)

We incur transaction gains and losses resulting from intercompany transactions, as well as transactions with customers or vendors, denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the legal entity in which the transaction is recorded.

(Loss) income in earnings of equity investment

(Loss) income in earnings of equity investment is related to our equity investment in PSL.

Other Income, net

Other Income, net includes unrealized (loss) gains on marketable securities from changes in the fair value of equity securities with readily determinable fair values. These investments are measured at fair value with unrealized gains and losses related to changes in the entity’s stock price. Miscellaneous income and expense items unrelated to our core operations are also within other income, net.

Income tax provision

Our provision, or benefit, for income taxes is based on an estimate of the annual effective tax rate plus the tax impact of discrete items.

We are subject to tax in the U.S. and various foreign jurisdictions. Our effective income tax rate fluctuates primarily because of: the change in the mix of our U.S. and foreign income; the impact of discrete transactions and law changes; state tax impacts and the difference between the amount of tax benefits generated by the foreign derived intangible income (“FDII”) deduction, including permanent impacts of 174 Capitalization (as defined below), and research credits, offset by the additional tax costs associated with global intangible low-tax income (“GILTI”), Subpart F income and non-deductible stock-based compensation charges.

Pursuant to the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Jobs Act”), U.S. tax law began requiring us to capitalize and amortize domestic and foreign research and development expenditures over five and 15 years, for domestic and foreign research, respectively (“174 Capitalization”). The impact of 174 Capitalization for the fiscal year 2024 is an increase in annual cash taxes of approximately $20.0 million and an FDII benefit of $9.0 million. While it is possible that Congress may modify this provision, potentially with retroactive effect, we have no assurance that this provision will be reversed. Additionally, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) has issued notice 2024-12 and is expected to issue final guidance which may modify this law change or its impact.

We regularly assess the likelihood of outcomes that could result from the examination of our tax returns by the IRS, and other tax authorities to determine the adequacy of our income tax reserves and expense. Should actual events or results differ from our then-current expectations, charges or credits to our provision for income taxes may become necessary. Any such adjustments could have a significant effect on our results of operations.

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Results of Operations

Fiscal Year 2024 Compared to Fiscal Year 2023

The following table summarizes our results of operations and our results of operations as a percentage of total net sales for the fiscal years ended March 29, 2024 and March 31, 2023.

[[GREPCENT_TABLE]]
[["","","Fiscal Year Ended","","","Change"],["","","March 29, 2024","","","As a % of Net Sales","","","March 31, 2023","","","As a % of Net Sales","","","$","","","%"],["","","(Dollars in thousands)"],["Total net sales (1)","","$","1,049,367","","","","100.0","%","","$","973,653","","","","100.0","%","","$","75,714","","","","7.8","%"],["Cost of goods sold (1)","","","474,838","","","","45.2","%","","","427,574","","","","43.9","%","","","47,264","","","","11.1","%"],["Gross profit","","","574,529","","","","54.8","%","","","546,079","","","","56.1","%","","","28,450","","","","5.2","%"],["Operating expenses:"],["Research and development","","","176,638","","","","16.8","%","","","150,850","","","","15.5","%","","","25,788","","","","17.1","%"],["Selling, general and administrative","","","188,429","","","","18.0","%","","","191,922","","","","19.7","%","","","(3,493",")","","","(1.8",")%"],["Impairment of long-lived assets","","","13,218","","","","1.3","%","","","\u2014","","","","\u2014","%","","","13,218","","","","\u2014","%"],["Total operating expenses","","","378,285","","","","36.0","%","","","342,772","","","","35.2","%","","","35,513","","","","10.4","%"],["Operating income","","","196,244","","","","18.7","%","","","203,307","","","","20.9","%","","","(7,063",")","","","(3.5",")%"],["Other income (expense), net:"],["Interest expense","","","(10,763",")","","","(1.0",")%","","","(2,336",")","","","(0.2",")%","","","(8,427",")","","","360.7","%"],["Interest income","","","3,144","","","","0.3","%","","","1,724","","","","0.2","%","","","1,420","","","","82.4","%"],["Foreign currency transaction gain","","","5,064","","","","0.5","%","","","980","","","","0.1","%","","","4,084","","","","416.7","%"],["Loss in earnings of equity investment","","","(538",")","","","(0.1",")%","","","(406",")","","","(0.0",")%","","","(132",")","","","32.5","%"],["Other Income, net","","","1,646","","","","0.2","%","","","8,077","","","","0.8","%","","","(6,431",")","","","(79.6",")%"],["Total other income (expense), net","","","(1,447",")","","","(0.1",")%","","","8,039","","","","0.8","%","","","(9,486",")","","","(118.0",")%"],["Income before income tax provision","","","194,797","","","","18.6","%","","","211,346","","","","21.7","%","","","(16,549",")","","","(7.8",")%"],["Income tax provision","","","41,909","","","","4.0","%","","","23,852","","","","2.4","%","","","18,057","","","","75.7","%"],["Net income","","","152,888","","","","14.6","%","","","187,494","","","","19.3","%","","","(34,606",")","","","(18.5",")%"],["Net income attributable to non-controlling interests","","","191","","","","0.0","%","","","137","","","","0.0","%","","","54","","","","39.4","%"],["Net income attributable to Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.","","$","152,697","","","","14.6","%","","$","187,357","","","","19.2","%","","$","(34,660",")","","","(18.5",")%"]]
[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

(1)
Our total net sales and cost of goods sold for the periods presented above include related party net sales generated through our distribution agreement with Sanken and costs of goods sold related thereto. See our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for additional information regarding our related party net sales and cost of goods sold for the periods set forth above.

Total net sales

Total net sales increased in the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. This increase was primarily attributable to higher demand related to e-Mobility products, safety comfort and convenience applications, and broad-based and other industrial applications, including clean energy and automation, partially offset by decline in our data center applications and consumer and smart home products.

Sales Trends by Market

During the preparation of the third quarter fiscal year 2024 interim condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company identified an immaterial error in the classification of net sales by application, whereby customer returns and sales allowances were incorrectly classified by application between Automotive, Industrial and Other in the prior periods. There was no impact to previously reported total net sales or net income in any of the periods.

The Company assessed the materiality of the revision qualitatively and quantitatively, and determined the revisions to be immaterial to the prior period interim fiscal year 2024, annual fiscal year 2023, and annual fiscal year 2022 consolidated financial statements. All prior period amounts have been revised in our accompanying Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

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The following table summarizes total net sales by market. The categorization of net sales by market is based on the characteristics of the end product and application into which our product will be designed.

[[GREPCENT_TABLE]]
[["","","Fiscal Year Ended","","","Change"],["","","March 29, 2024","","","March 31, 2023","","","Amount","","","%"],["","","(Dollars in thousands)"],["Automotive","","$","759,454","","","$","646,761","","","$","112,693","","","","17.4","%"],["Industrial","","","223,810","","","","208,604","","","","15,206","","","","7.3","%"],["Other","","","66,103","","","","118,288","","","","(52,185",")","","","(44.1",")%"],["Total net sales","","$","1,049,367","","","$","973,653","","","$","75,714","","","","7.8","%"]]
[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

Automotive net sales increased in the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to higher demand for our e-Mobility products and safety, comfort and convenience applications.

Industrial net sales improved in the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to increases in broad-based industrial and other industrial applications, which include clean energy and automation applications. These increases were partially offset by declines in our data center applications.

Other net sales decreased in the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to lower demand for our consumer and smart home products.

Sales Trends by Product

The following table summarizes net sales by product.

[[GREPCENT_TABLE]]
[["","","Fiscal Year Ended","","","Change"],["","","March 29, 2024","","","March 31, 2023","","","Amount","","","%"],["","","(Dollars in thousands)"],["Magnetic sensors (\u201cMS\u201d) and other","","$","649,869","","","$","598,579","","","$","51,290","","","","8.6","%"],["Power integrated circuits (\u201cPIC\u201d)","","","399,498","","","","375,074","","","","24,424","","","","6.5","%"],["Total net sales","","$","1,049,367","","","$","973,653","","","$","75,714","","","","7.8","%"]]
[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

The growth in net sales by product was driven by increases in both PIC and MS and other product sales. MS and other sales were driven primarily by higher demand for our current and isolator products, as well as increases in volume and mix for our magnetic sensors. PIC sales were driven by increase in demand for our high-performance power products and motors.

Sales Trends by Geographic Location

The following table summarizes net sales by geographic location based on ship-to location.

[[GREPCENT_TABLE]]
[["","","Fiscal Year Ended","","","Change"],["","","March 29, 2024","","","March 31, 2023","","","Amount","","","%"],["","","(Dollars in thousands)"],["Americas:"],["United States","","$","149,283","","","$","131,150","","","$","18,133","","","","13.8","%"],["Other Americas","","","32,119","","","","28,014","","","","4,105","","","","14.7","%"],["EMEA:"],["Europe","","","176,628","","","","169,368","","","","7,260","","","","4.3","%"],["Asia:"],["Greater China","","","274,851","","","","253,906","","","","20,945","","","","8.2","%"],["Japan","","","175,713","","","","160,763","","","","14,950","","","","9.3","%"],["South Korea","","","113,877","","","","96,549","","","","17,328","","","","17.9","%"],["Other Asia","","","126,896","","","","133,903","","","","(7,007",")","","","(5.2",")%"],["Total net sales","","$","1,049,367","","","$","973,653","","","$","75,714","","","","7.8","%"]]
[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

Net sales increased in the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to product mix and market share gains across all geographies, except for Other Asia, which was negatively impacted by a reduction in data center demand.

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Growth in Asia was driven by China and South Korea, which included growth in net sales of our safety, comfort and convenience applications, as well as our ADAS applications. The increase for the United States was driven by our gains in ADAS, while growth in Europe was mostly related to EV.

Cost of goods sold, gross profit and gross margin

Cost of goods sold increased in the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. The increase in cost of goods sold was primarily due to high production volume and product mix, as well as the amortization of intangible assets in relation to the acquisition of Crocus.

Gross profit increased in the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. The increase in gross profit was driven by the increase in net sales as discussed above, partially offset by increase of cost of goods sold, as discussed above.

R&D expenses

R&D expenses increased in the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. This increase was primarily due to a combined increase in personnel, stock-based compensation and outside service costs, in addition to a general increase in operating expenses to fund new product development, partially offset by reduced variable compensation expense.

R&D expenses represented 16.8% of our total net sales for the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024, an increase from 15.5% of our total net sales for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. This percentage increase was primarily due to investments in personnel to fund new product development.

SG&A expenses

SG&A expenses decreased in the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. This decrease was primarily due to the inclusion in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, of accelerated stock-based compensation expense related to the retirement of our former chief executive officer and severance due to changes in our leadership. These costs are partially offset by increased professional fees, outside service costs and personnel increases in the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024.

SG&A expenses represented 18.0% of our total net sales for the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024, representing a decrease from 19.7% of our total net sales for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. This percentage decrease was primarily due to the impacts noted above, partially offset by the growth in net sales in the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024.

Impairment of long-lived assets

We recorded an impairment of long-lived assets of $13.2 million in the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024. The impairment was related to our decision to refocus resources away from our photonic and advanced 3D imaging solutions.

Interest expense

Interest expense increased in the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to higher interest payments on the 2023 Term Loan Facility, which was used to finance the acquisition of Crocus.

Interest income

Interest income increased increased in the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to higher cash balances maintained throughout the comparable period and higher interest rates.

Foreign currency transaction gain (loss)

We recorded a foreign currency transaction gain in both the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024 and March 31, 2023. The foreign currency transaction gain recorded in the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024 was related to a transaction between the U.S. and French subsidiaries. The foreign currency transaction gain recorded in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 was primarily due to realized and unrealized gains from our United Kingdom location, partially offset by realized and unrealized losses from our Philippines location.

Loss in earnings of equity investment

Loss in earnings of equity investment in both fiscal years ended March 29, 2024 and March 31, 2023, represented the loss in earnings on our 30% investment in PSL.

Other Income, net

Other Income, net decreased in the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. This decrease was attributable to $11.8 million of gains related to sales of our investment in marketable securities and earnings in our money market fund deposits in the fiscal year March 29, 2024, offset by unrealized losses of $11.2 million related to our investment in

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marketable securities during the same year, compared to unrealized gains of $7.5 million related to our investment in marketable securities in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023.

Income tax provision

Income tax provision and the effective income tax rate were $41.9 million and 21.5%, respectively, for the fiscal year ended March 29, 2024, and $23.9 million and 11.3%, respectively, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. The effective tax rate (“ETR”) year-over-year was primarily impacted by the Crocus entity restructuring, partially offset by an increase in Research Tax Credits and a decrease in current year non-deductible executive compensation expense. The Crocus entity restructuring relates to the integration of Crocus’s operations (see Note 3), and the increase in the ETR is primarily from establishing a deferred tax liability on the transfer of intangible assets to the U.S.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 29, 2024, we had $212.1 million of cash and cash equivalents and $454.3 million of working capital, compared to $351.6 million of cash and cash equivalents and $500.5 million of working capital as of March 31, 2023. Working capital is impacted by the timing and extent of our business needs.

Our primary requirements for liquidity and capital resources besides our growth initiatives, are working capital, capital expenditures, principal and interest payments on our outstanding debt, and other general corporate needs. Historically, these cash requirements have been met through cash provided by operating activities and cash and cash equivalents. Our current capital deployment strategy for 2025 is to utilize cash on hand and capacity under our 2023 Revolving Credit Facility to support our continued growth initiatives into select markets and planned capital expenditures, as well as consider potential acquisitions. As of March 29, 2024, the Company was not party to any off-balance sheet arrangements that have had or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources. The cash requirements for the upcoming fiscal year relate to our operating leases, operating and capital purchase commitments, and expected contributions to our defined benefit and contribution plans. Additionally, we expect to continue to strategically invest in expanding our operations in China, Europe, Japan and India in order to directly manage and service our customers in these markets, which could result in increases in our total net sales, cost of goods sold and operating expenses. For information regarding the Company’s expected cash requirements and timing of payments related to leases and noncancellable purchase commitments, see Note 12, “Leases” and Note 16, “Commitments and Contingencies” to the audited consolidated financial statements. Additionally, refer to Note 15, “Retirement Plans” to the audited consolidated financial statements for more information related to the Company’s pension and defined contribution plans.

On June 21, 2023, we entered into a revolving credit agreement (the “2023 Revolving Credit Agreement”) with Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as administrative agent, collateral agent, a letter of credit issuer and a lender, and other agents, lenders and letter of credit issuers parties. The agreement provides for a $224.0 million secured revolving credit facility (the “2023 Revolving Credit Facility”), which includes a $20.0 million letter of credit subfacility. The 2023 Revolving Credit Facility is available until, and loans made thereunder will mature on, June 21, 2028.

On October 31, 2023, we entered into a $250.0 million term loan maturing in 2030 with Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. as administrative agent and collateral agent, and other agents, arrangers and lenders party thereto (the “2023 Term Loan Facility” and together with the 2023 Revolving Credit Agreement, the “Senior Secured Credit Facilities”). The proceeds of the 2023 Term Loan Facility were used to repay the $25.0 million outstanding balance under the 2020 Term Loan Facility (as defined below) and to finance, in part, the merger with Crocus. The 2023 Term Loan Facility was executed as an incremental amendment to the 2023 Revolving Credit Agreement, and accordingly is subject to the same covenants and limitations. A payment of $50.0 million was applied to the term loan balance on April 30, 2024, which has eliminated the quarterly payments. The balance of the loan has a planned maturity date of October 31, 2030.

On September 30, 2020, we (i) entered into a term loan credit agreement with Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the other agents, arrangers and lenders party thereto, providing for a $325.0 million senior secured term loan facility due in fiscal year 2028 (the “2020 Term Loan Facility”), and (ii) entered into a revolving facility credit agreement with Mizuho Bank, Ltd., as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the other agents, arrangers and lenders party thereto, providing for a $50.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility expiring in 2023. On October 31, 2023, the 2020 Term Loan Facility was paid in full in connection with the 2023 Term Loan Facility.

We believe that our existing cash will be sufficient to finance our continued operations, growth strategy, planned capital expenditures and the additional expenses that we expect to incur during the next 12 months. In order to support and achieve our future growth plans, we may need or advantageously seek to obtain additional funding through equity or debt financing. We believe that our current operating structure will facilitate sufficient cash flows from operations to satisfy our expected long-term liquidity requirements beyond the next 12 months. If these resources are not sufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements due to changes in circumstances, we may be required to borrow under our 2023 Revolving Credit Facility or seek additional financing. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders will experience dilution. Debt financing, if available, may contain covenants that significantly

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restrict our operations or our ability to obtain additional debt financing in the future. Any additional financing that we raise may contain terms that are not favorable to us or our stockholders. We cannot assure you that we would be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us or our existing stockholders, or at all. See “Risk Factors —Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—Our ability to raise capital in the future may be limited and could prevent us from executing our growth strategy.”

Cash Flows from Operating, Investing and Financing Activities

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the fiscal years ended 2024 and 2023:

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[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $181.7 million in fiscal year 2024, resulting primarily from our net income of $152.9 million and non-cash charges of $122.9 million, partially offset by a net decrease in cash from an increase in net operating assets and liabilities of $94.1 million. The net changes in operating assets and liabilities consisted of a $40.2 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets, a $15.8 million increase in inventories, and an $8.0 million increase in trade accounts receivable, net, partially offset by a $21.6 million decrease in accrued expenses and other current and long-term liabilities, a $12.7 million decrease in trade accounts payable, and a $5.2 million increase in net amounts due from related parties. The increase in inventories was primarily a result of raw materials purchases and inventory builds to support anticipated sales growth in 2024 and beyond. The increase in prepaid expenses and other assets was primarily due to long-term deposits and timing of tax payments. The increase in trade accounts receivable, net was primarily a result of increased sales year-over-year, as well as the timing of receipts. The decreases in trade accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current and long-term liabilities were primarily due to the timing of payments to suppliers and vendors, including unpaid capital expenditures of $4.2 million, and higher accrued personnel costs, professional fees, income taxes, and accrued operating expenses.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $193.2 million in fiscal year 2023, resulting primarily from our net income of $187.5 million and non-cash charges of $61.2 million, partially offset by a net decrease in operating assets and liabilities of $55.5 million. Net changes in operating assets and liabilities consisted mostly of a $75.2 million increase in inventories, a $23.3 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets, and a $12.5 million increase in trade accounts receivable, net, partially offset by a $22.9 million increase in accrued expenses and other current and long-term liabilities, an $18.3 million increase in net amounts due from related parties and a $12.0 million increase in trade accounts payable. The increase in inventories was primarily a result of raw materials purchases and inventory builds to support anticipated sales growth in 2024. The increase in prepaid expenses and other assets was primarily due to the higher fair value of strategic investments, long-term deposits and income taxes receivable, including VAT receivables. The increase in trade accounts receivable, net was primarily a result of increased sales year-over-year, as well as the timing of receipts. The increases in trade accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current and long-term liabilities were primarily due to the timing of payments to suppliers and vendors, including unpaid capital expenditures of $16.4 million, and higher accrued personnel costs, warranty costs, professional fees, income taxes, and accrued operating expenses, partially offset by a reduction in the balance due on the acquisition of Voxtel. The decrease in other receivables was primarily due to the timing of receipts from Sanken, as well as the transition to our direct operations in Japan from the distributor model.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $516.7 million in fiscal year 2024, consisting of payments related to the acquisition of Crocus of $408.1 million and $124.8 million of purchases of property, plant and equipment, partially offset by $16.2 million of proceeds from sale of marketable securities.

Net cash used in investing activities was $99.7 million in fiscal year 2023, consisting of $79.8 million of purchases of property, plant and equipment and payments related to the acquisition of Heyday of $19.9 million.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $198.9 million in fiscal year 2024, consisting of $245.5 million of borrowing of 2023 Term Loan Facility, net of deferred financing costs, proceeds received related to the quarterly payment from PSL on our related party loan and proceeds received in connection with the issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan, partially

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offset by payments on the 2020 Term Loan Facility and 2023 Term Loan Facility, taxes related to the net settlement of equity awards, and payments of debt issuance costs in connection with the 2023 Revolving Credit Facility and 2023 Term Loan Facility.

Net cash used in financing activities was $20.0 million in fiscal year 2023, consisting of funds loaned to PSL of $7.5 million and $18.1 million of payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards, partially offset by $2.8 million of proceeds received related to the quarterly payments from PSL on our related party loan and proceeds received in connection with the issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan totaling $2.8 million.

Debt Obligations

See Note 13, “Debt and Other Borrowings” in the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for information regarding our debt obligations, including our term loans and credit facilities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for information regarding recent accounting pronouncements.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and disclosures of contingencies at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, assumptions and judgments, including those related to the valuation of acquired intangible assets, impairment assessment and valuation of goodwill, intangible assets and tangible long-lived assets, the net realizable value of inventory, income taxes, stock-based compensation, and sales allowances. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience and other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to our financial statements. We believe that the accounting policies described below require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments. Judgments or uncertainties affecting the application of these policies may result in materially different amounts being reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. Accordingly, we believe these are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for additional information regarding these and our other significant accounting policies.

Sales Allowances

Sales allowances include sales in which the amount of consideration that we will receive is unknown as of the end of a reporting period. Such consideration primarily includes limited price protection provisions provided to distributors. We estimate potential future sales allowances based on historical data from prior sales adjustments. Historical experience can change over time. As a result, estimated sales allowances may differ significantly from amounts recorded in the current and historical periods. See Note 6, “Trade Accounts Receivable, Net” to the consolidated financial statements for information regarding the change in sales allowances.

Goodwill, other intangible assets and other long-lived assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is assessed for impairment at the reporting unit level annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or more frequently if we believe indicators of impairment exist. Goodwill impairment, if any, is determined by comparing the reporting unit’s fair value to its carrying value. An impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the reporting unit’s carrying value over its fair value, up to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

We assess indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis, and more frequently if impairment indicators are identified. We also periodically reassess their continuing classification as indefinite-lived intangible assets. Impairment exists if the fair value of the intangible asset is less than its carrying value. An impairment charge equal to the difference is recorded to reduce the carrying value to its fair value.

Other long-lived assets primarily consist of property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets and intangible assets. Acquired intangible assets consist of completed technologies, customer relationships, trademarks and trade names, and patents. We engage third-party valuation specialists to assist us with the initial measurement of the fair value of acquired intangible assets. We periodically evaluate the recoverability of other long-lived assets whenever events and changes in circumstances, such as reductions in demand or significant economic slowdowns in the industry, indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. When indicators of impairment are present, the carrying values of the asset group are evaluated in relation to the future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying business. The net book value of the underlying asset is adjusted to fair value if the sum of the expected

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discounted cash flows is less than book value. Fair values are based on estimates of market prices and assumptions concerning the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows and assumed discount rates, reflecting varying degrees of perceived risk.

The impairment assessment of goodwill, other intangible assets and other long-lived assets involves significant estimates and assumptions, which may be unpredictable and inherently uncertain. These estimates and assumptions include identification of reporting units and asset groups, long-term growth rates, profitability, estimated useful lives, comparable market multiples, and discount rates. Any changes in these assumptions could impact the result of the impairment assessment.