# CENTERSPACE (CSR)

Informational only - not investment advice.

CIK: 0000798359
SIC: 6798 Real Estate Investment Trusts
SIC breadcrumb: [Finance, Insurance, And Real Estate](/division/H/) > [Holding And Other Investment Offices](/major-group/67/) > [SIC 6798 Real Estate Investment Trusts](/industry/6798/)
Latest 10-K filed: 2026-02-17
SEC page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=798359
Filing source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/798359/000079835926000014/csr-20251231.htm

## At a glance

FY2025 · period end 2025-12-31 · filed 2026-02-17 · accession 0000798359-26-000014 · source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000798359.json

| Metric | Value | FY | Provenance |
| --- | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Revenue | 273,662,000 USD | 2025 | verified |
| Net income | 17,101,000 USD | 2025 | verified |
| Assets | 1,926,167,000 USD | 2025 | verified |
| Free cash flow | 64,292,000 USD | 2025 | computed |
| Net margin | 6.25% | 2025 | computed |
| Operating margin | 23.58% | 2025 | computed |
| Revenue YoY | +4.86% | 2025 | computed |
| ROE | 2.38% | 2025 | computed |

Computed values are grepcent-computed from the verified facts above and may differ from ratios the company itself reports. Free cash flow = operating cash flow − capital expenditures. Net margin = net income ÷ revenue. Operating margin = operating income ÷ revenue. Revenue YoY = FY2025 revenue ÷ FY2024 revenue − 1 (consecutive fiscal years only). ROE = net income ÷ period-end stockholders' equity.

No market price, no rating, no forecast on this site. Not investment advice.

### Peer percentile fingerprint

| Ratio | CSR | Peer median | Percentile | N |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Net margin | 6.2% | 16.8% | 33 | 149 |
| Operating margin | 23.6% | 23.2% | 51 | 66 |
| Revenue growth | 4.9% | 3.7% | 57 | 149 |
| FCF margin | 23.5% | 21.8% | 52 | 70 |
| ROE | 2.4% | 5.7% | 34 | 151 |
| ROA | 0.9% | 1.5% | 33 | 155 |
| Liabilities / equity | 1.50 | 1.48 | 51 | 151 |

Percentile = share of the N covered peers reporting that ratio whose value is lower (ties counted half); computed among grepcent-covered companies in SIC industry 6798 Real Estate Investment Trusts, not the whole market. A higher percentile means a higher value of the ratio, not a better company. Ratios with fewer than 8 reporting peers are omitted. Latest reported values per company; fiscal periods may differ. Descriptive arithmetic - not a score, rating, or ranking.

## Selected Fundamentals
| Metric | Value | Unit | FY | Filed |
| --- | ---: | --- | ---: | --- |
| Revenue | 273662000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-17 |
| Net income | 17101000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-17 |
| Assets | 1926167000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-17 |

## Financials

Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-02-17. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000798359.json. Derived margins, ratios, and free cash flow are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts.

| Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Revenue | 145,500,000 | 160,104,000 | 121,871,000 | 185,755,000 | 177,994,000 | 201,705,000 | 256,716,000 | 261,309,000 | 260,983,000 | 273,662,000 |
| Net income | 72,006,000 | 43,347,000 | 116,788,000 | 78,669,000 | 4,441,000 | -29,000 | -14,109,000 | 41,325,000 | -11,328,000 | 17,101,000 |
| Operating income | 24,256,000 | -30,110,000 | -23,704,000 | 109,041,000 | 33,843,000 | 29,892,000 | 13,861,000 | 84,453,000 | 20,475,000 | 64,537,000 |
| Diluted EPS |  | 2.58 | 8.71 | 6.00 | -0.15 | -0.47 | -1.35 | 2.32 | -1.27 | 1.02 |
| Operating cash flow | 66,493,000 | 79,052,000 | 55,195,000 | 69,624,000 | 61,228,000 | 84,028,000 | 91,991,000 | 89,520,000 | 98,248,000 | 98,453,000 |
| Capital expenditures | 26,904,000 | 41,083,000 | 17,980,000 | 20,954,000 | 28,638,000 | 31,303,000 | 56,568,000 | 58,825,000 | 56,654,000 | 34,161,000 |
| Dividends paid | 60,063,000 | 55,907,000 | 33,689,000 | 32,891,000 | 35,045,000 | 38,487,000 | 44,461,000 | 43,742,000 | 45,789,000 | 51,076,000 |
| Share buybacks | 35,000,000 | 4,501,000 | 9,935,000 | 18,023,000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 29,059,000 | 11,539,000 | 4,703,000 | 3,454,000 |
| Assets | 1,755,022,000 | 1,474,514,000 | 1,335,997,000 | 1,392,418,000 | 1,464,183,000 | 1,940,061,000 | 2,033,301,000 | 1,926,361,000 | 1,913,707,000 | 1,926,167,000 |
| Liabilities | 1,029,238,000 | 831,239,000 | 686,580,000 | 695,956,000 | 774,800,000 | 918,450,000 | 1,066,445,000 | 978,776,000 | 1,014,704,000 | 1,080,411,000 |
| Stockholders' equity | 618,758,000 | 560,937,000 | 568,786,000 | 619,053,000 | 618,207,000 | 772,032,000 | 729,537,000 | 709,832,000 | 751,988,000 | 719,156,000 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 66,698,000 | 28,819,000 | 13,792,000 | 26,579,000 | 392,000 | 31,267,000 | 10,458,000 | 8,630,000 | 12,030,000 | 12,833,000 |
| Free cash flow | 39,589,000 | 37,969,000 | 37,215,000 | 48,670,000 | 32,590,000 | 52,725,000 | 35,423,000 | 30,695,000 | 41,594,000 | 64,292,000 |

### Ratios

ROE and ROA use period-end equity/assets. Liabilities / equity uses total liabilities divided by stockholders' equity. Current ratio uses current assets divided by current liabilities when both are reported.

| Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Net margin | 49.49% | 27.07% | 95.83% | 42.35% | 2.50% | -0.01% | -5.50% | 15.81% | -4.34% | 6.25% |
| Operating margin | 16.67% | -18.81% | -19.45% | 58.70% | 19.01% | 14.82% | 5.40% | 32.32% | 7.85% | 23.58% |
| Return on equity | 11.64% | 7.73% | 20.53% | 12.71% | 0.72% | -0.00% | -1.93% | 5.82% | -1.51% | 2.38% |
| Return on assets | 4.10% | 2.94% | 8.74% | 5.65% | 0.30% | -0.00% | -0.69% | 2.15% | -0.59% | 0.89% |
| Liabilities / equity | 1.66 | 1.48 | 1.21 | 1.12 | 1.25 | 1.19 | 1.46 | 1.38 | 1.35 | 1.50 |

## As-reported value updates

12 tracked differences above grepcent's stated thresholds were found between the earliest XBRL-filed value and the value currently on file for the same fiscal period.

Ledger: /company/CSR/revisions/


## Quarterly

Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-08-03. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000798359.json.

Flow metrics use discrete quarter-length periods from 10-Q/10-Q/A filings. Q4 revenue and net income are derived only when annual FY and nine-month YTD facts exist for the same fiscal year; derived Q4 values are labeled. EPS Q4 is not derived.

| Quarter | End date | Revenue | Net income | Diluted EPS | Method |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 2022-Q3 | 2022-09-30 |  |  | -0.14 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2023-Q1 | 2023-03-31 |  |  | 2.76 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2023-Q2 | 2023-06-30 |  |  | -0.23 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2023-Q3 | 2023-09-30 | 64,568,000 | 7,774,000 | 0.41 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2023-Q4 | 2023-12-31 | 64,068,000 | -8,157,000 |  | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD |
| 2024-Q1 | 2024-03-31 | 64,506,000 | -3,905,000 | -0.37 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2024-Q2 | 2024-06-30 | 65,043,000 | -1,296,000 | -0.19 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2024-Q3 | 2024-09-30 | 65,025,000 | -1,048,000 | -0.40 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2024-Q4 | 2024-12-31 | 66,409,000 | -5,079,000 |  | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD |
| 2025-Q1 | 2025-03-31 | 67,093,000 | -3,734,000 | -0.22 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q2 | 2025-06-30 | 68,549,000 | -14,515,000 | -0.87 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q3 | 2025-09-30 | 71,399,000 | 53,783,000 | 3.19 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q4 | 2025-12-31 | 66,621,000 | -18,433,000 |  | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD |
| 2026-Q1 | 2026-03-31 | 65,069,000 | -12,889,000 | -0.77 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2026-Q2 | 2026-06-30 | 65,782,000 | -1,020,000 | -0.07 | reported discrete quarter |

## Filed narrative (10-K & 10-Q)

## Business

Verbatim Item 1 Business section from CSR's latest 10-K: [/company/CSR/business/](/company/CSR/business/).

## Risk Factors

Verbatim Item 1A Risk Factors from CSR's latest 10-K: [/company/CSR/risk-factors/](/company/CSR/risk-factors/).

## Latest quarter (10-Q)

Latest 10-Q source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/798359/000079835926000078/csr-20260630.htm

Extracted structurally from real Item 2 body heading to real Item 3/4 boundary.
Confidence: high
Filing date: 2026-08-03
Report date: 2026-06-30

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2026 (the “Report”), the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 17, 2026, and the risk factors in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

24

Table of Contents

This discussion and analysis and other sections of this Report contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), with respect to the expectations for future periods. Forward-looking statements do not discuss historical fact, but instead include statements related to expectations, projections, intentions or other items related to the future. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the use of terms such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “will,” “assumes,” “may,” “projects,” “outlook,” “future,” and variations of those words and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause the actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from the results of operations, financial condition, or plans expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Although we believe the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, we can give no assurance that our expectations will be achieved. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact should be deemed forward-looking statements. As a result, reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements, as these statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors beyond our control and could differ materially from actual results and performance.

The following factors, among others, could cause our future results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements:

•inflation and price volatility in the global economy;

•uncertain global macro-economic and political conditions, the impact of actual or threatened wars or other international conflicts, such as in Ukraine, the Middle East, and South America, including sanctions imposed by the U.S. and other countries, on inflation, trade, and general economic conditions;

•deteriorating economic conditions and rising unemployment rates, energy costs, and inflation, in the markets where we own apartment communities or in which we may invest in the future;

•rental conditions in our markets, including occupancy levels and rental rates, our potential inability to renew residents or obtain new residents upon expiration of existing leases, our ability to identify and consummate attractive acquisitions and dispositions on favorable terms, our ability to reinvest sales proceeds successfully, our inability to accommodate any significant decline in the market value of real estate serving as collateral for our debt and mortgage obligations; changes in tax and housing laws, including rent control laws, or other factors;

•timely access to material and labor required to renovate and maintain apartment communities;

•adverse changes in our markets, including future demand for apartment homes in those markets, barriers of entry into new markets, limitations on our ability to increase rental rates, our ability to identify and consummate attractive acquisitions and dispositions on favorable terms, our ability to reinvest sales proceeds successfully, and inability to accommodate any significant decline in market value of real estate serving as collateral for our debt and mortgage obligations;

•pandemics or epidemics and any effects on our employees, residents and commercial tenants, third party vendors and suppliers, and apartment communities, as well as our cash flow, business, financial condition, and results of operations;

•the ability of the Company to complete its proposed dispositions on a timely basis, or at all;

•risks that the Company’s recently completed or proposed dispositions disrupt current plans and operations;

•the anticipated costs related to the Company’s recently completed and proposed dispositions;

•the ability of the Company to realize the anticipated benefits of its recently completed and proposed dispositions and the intended use of proceeds therefrom, as well as the Company’s strategic review;

•reliance on a single asset class (multifamily) and certain geographic areas (Midwest and Mountain West regions) of the U.S.;

•inability to expand our operations into new or existing markets successfully;

•failure of new acquisitions to achieve anticipated results or be efficiently integrated;

•inability to complete lease-up of our projects on schedule and on budget;

•failure to reinvest proceeds from sales of properties into tax-deferred exchanges, which could necessitate special distribution and/or tax protection payments;

•inability to fund capital expenditures out of cash flow;

•inability to pay, or need to reduce, distributions on our common shares;

•inability to raise additional equity capital, if needed;

•financing risks, including our potential inability to meet existing covenants in our existing credit facilities or to obtain new debt or equity financing on favorable terms, or at all;

•level and volatility of interest or capitalization rates or capital market conditions;

•loss contingencies and the availability and cost of casualty insurance for losses;

•uninsured losses due to insurance deductibles, uninsured claims or casualties or losses in excess of applicable coverage;

25

Table of Contents

•inability to continue to satisfy complex tax rules in order to maintain our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, inability of the Operating Partnership to satisfy the rules to maintain its status as a partnership for tax purposes, and the risk of changes in laws affecting REITs;

•inability to attract and retain qualified personnel;

•cyber liability or potential liability for breaches of our privacy or information security systems;

•recent developments in artificial intelligence, including software used to price rent in apartment communities;

•inability to address catastrophic weather, natural events, and climate change;

•inability to comply with laws and regulations, including those related to the environment, applicable to our business and any related investigations or litigation; and

•other risks identified in this Report, in our other SEC reports, or in other documents that we publicly disseminate.

New factors may also arise from time to time that could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The foregoing review of factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contemplated in any forward-looking statements included in this Report should not be construed as exhaustive. Readers also should carefully review our financial statements and the notes thereto as well as the risks and uncertainties detailed from time to time in filings with the SEC, including the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Executive Summary

We are a real estate investment trust, or REIT, that owns, manages, acquires, redevelops, and develops apartment communities. We primarily focus on investing in markets characterized by stable and growing economic conditions, strong employment, and an attractive quality of life that we believe, in combination, lead to higher demand for our apartment homes and retention of our residents. As of June 30, 2026, we owned 60 apartment communities containing 12,090 apartment homes. Property owned, as presented in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at historical cost and excluding assets held for sale, was $2.3 billion at June 30, 2026 and $2.5 billion at December 31, 2025.

Renting apartment homes is our primary source of revenue, and our business objective is to provide great homes. We strive to maximize resident satisfaction and retention by investing in high-quality assets in desirable locations and creating vibrant apartment communities through resident-centered operations. We believe that delivering superior resident experiences will enhance resident satisfaction while also driving profitability for our business and shareholders. We have paid quarterly distributions continuously since our first distribution in 1971.

Overview of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2026

•Disposed of an apartment community consisting of 176 homes in Denver, Colorado for an aggregate sales price of $30.0 million.

•For the three months ended June 30, 2026, revenue decreased by $2.8 million or 4.0% to $65.8 million, compared to $68.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to the sale of 12 apartment communities in the prior year, offset by increased revenue from non-same-store communities. 

•Same-store revenues and expenses remained relatively unchanged with a 0.3% increase in same-store NOI compared to the same period of the prior year.

•Net loss was $0.07 per diluted share for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to net loss of $0.87 per diluted share for the same period of the prior year.

•Non-GAAP Core Funds from Operations (“Core FFO”) per diluted share decreased to $1.27 for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $1.28 for the three months ended June 30, 2025. See the description of Core FFO on page 32 and the reconciliation of net loss available to common shareholders to FFO and Core FFO on page 33. This decrease was primarily due to decreased NOI as a result of dispositions, along with increases in general and administrative expenses, offset by increased NOI on non-same-store communities. The drivers of these changes are discussed in more detail in the “Results of Operations” section below.

•Repurchased 45,310 common shares for an average of $55.54 per share.

26

Table of Contents

Results of Operations

GAAP and Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Net operating income (“NOI”) is a non-GAAP financial measure, which we define as total real estate revenues less property operating expenses, including real estate taxes and is reconciled to operating income (loss) below. We believe that NOI is an important supplemental measure of operating performance for real estate because it provides a measure of operations that excludes gain (loss) on the sale of real estate and other investments, impairment, depreciation and amortization, financing costs, including interest and other income, losses on extinguishment of debt, and interest expense, property management expenses, casualty losses net of recoveries, loss on litigation settlement, and general and administrative expenses. NOI does not represent cash generated by operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered an alternative to net income (loss), net income (loss) available for common shareholders, or cash flow from operating activities as a measure of financial performance.

We have provided certain information on a same-store and non-same-store basis. Same-store apartment communities are owned or stabilized for substantially all of the periods being compared and, in the case of newly-

[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]

## Latest 10-K MD&A (excerpt)

Latest 10-K Item 7 source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/798359/000079835926000014/csr-20251231.htm
Complete FY 2025 MD&A: /company/CSR/mda/fy2025/

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Published MD&A gate trimmed front/tail over-capture.
Confidence: high
Filing date: 2026-02-17
Report date: 2025-12-31

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes appearing elsewhere in this report. Historical results and trends which might appear in the Consolidated Financial Statements should not be interpreted as being indicative of future operations.

This and other sections of this Report contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, with respect to our expectations for future periods. Forward-looking statements do not discuss historical fact, but instead include statements related to expectations, projections, intentions or other items related to the future. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Executive Summary 

We are a real estate investment trust, or REIT that owns, manages, acquires, redevelops, and develops apartment communities. We primarily focus on investing in markets characterized by stable and growing economic conditions, strong employment, and an attractive quality of life that we believe, in combination, lead to higher demand for our apartment homes and retention of our residents. As of December 31, 2025, we owned 61 apartment communities consisting of 12,262 homes as detailed in Item 2 - Properties. Property owned, as presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, was $2.5 billion at December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Renting apartment homes is our primary source of revenue, and our business objective is to provide great homes. We strive to maximize resident satisfaction and retention by investing in high-quality assets in desirable locations and developing and training team members to create vibrant apartment communities through resident-centered operations. We believe that delivering superior resident experiences will drive consistent profitability for our business and shareholders. We have paid quarterly distributions every quarter since our first distribution in 1971.

Significant Transactions and Events for the Year Ended December 31, 2025

Highlights. For the year ended December 31, 2025, our highlights included the following:

•Net Income was $1.02 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to Net Loss of $1.27 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2024;

•Core funds from operations (“CFFO”) per diluted share, a non-GAAP measure, increased 1.0% to $4.93 from $4.88 (refer to reconciliations of Funds from Operations and Core Funds from Operations beginning on page 32 for additional detail);

•Operating income increased to $64.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to $20.5 million for the prior year; and

•Same-store year-over-year net operating income growth of 3.5% driven by same-store revenue growth of 2.4% (refer to Reconciliation of Operating Income (Loss) to Net Operating Income beginning on page 29 for additional detail).

Acquisitions and Dispositions. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we completed the following transactions in furtherance of our strategic plan:

•Disposed of twelve non-core apartment communities throughout Minnesota and one corporate office building for an aggregate sales price of $215.5 million;

•Acquired Railway Flats in Loveland, Colorado, an apartment community consisting of 420 homes for an aggregate purchase price of $132.2 million, which included the assumption of $76.5 million in mortgage debt; and

•Acquired Sugarmont, our first apartment community in Salt Lake City, Utah, consisting of 341 homes for an aggregate purchase price of $149.0 million.

Financing Transactions. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we completed the following financing transactions:    

•Repurchased 62,973 shares at an average price of $54.86 per share, including commissions.

Outlook

We intend to continue our focus on maximizing the financial performance of the communities in our existing portfolio. To accomplish this, we have introduced initiatives to expand our operating margin by enhancing the resident experience, making value-add investments, and implementing technology solutions and expense controls. We plan to actively manage our existing portfolio, explore potential new markets, and strategically pursue acquisitions of apartment communities and selective dispositions as opportunities arise and market conditions allow. We seek to manage a strong balance sheet that should provide us with flexibility to pursue both internal and external growth.

28

Table of Contents

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

We are presenting our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. For additional comparison of results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Net operating income. Net operating income (“NOI”) is a non-GAAP financial measure which we define as total real estate revenues less property operating expenses, including real estate taxes, which is reconciled to operating income. Refer to the reconciliation of Operating Income to Net Operating Income below. We believe that NOI is an important supplemental measure of operating performance for real estate because it provides a measure of operations that is unaffected by sales of real estate and other investments, impairment, depreciation, amortization, financing costs, property management expenses, casualty losses, loss on litigation settlement, and general and administrative expense. NOI does not represent cash generated by operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered an alternative to net income (loss), net income (loss) available for common shareholders, or cash flow from operating activities as a measure of financial performance.

Throughout this Report, we have provided certain information on a same-store and non-same-store basis. Same-store apartment communities are owned or stabilized for substantially all of the periods being compared and, in the case of newly-acquired or constructed communities, have achieved a target level of physical occupancy of 90%, or re-positioned communities when they have achieved stabilized operations. We define re-positioned communities as having significant development and construction activity on existing buildings pursuant to an authorized plan, which has an impact on current operating results, occupancy and the ability to lease space with the intended result of improved community cash flow and competitive position through extensive unit and amenity upgrades. We categorize a re-positioned community as same-store when the development and construction activity has been completed, and operations have stabilized. This is typically reaching an overall occupancy of 90%. Not all communities undergoing value add are considered a re-positioned community. Non-same store communities are communities not owned or stabilized as of the beginning of the previous year, including re-positioned communities, and excluding communities held for sale and the non-multifamily components of mixed-use properties.

On the first day of each calendar year, we determine the composition of our same-store pool for that year as well as adjust the previous year, which allows us to evaluate the performance of existing apartment communities and their contribution to net income (loss). Management believes that measuring performance on a same-store basis is useful to investors because it enables evaluation of how a fixed pool of communities are performing year-over-year. Management uses this measure to assess whether or not it has been successful in increasing NOI, raising average rental revenue, renewing the leases of existing residents, controlling operating costs, and making prudent capital improvements. The discussion below focuses on the main factors affecting real estate revenue and real estate expenses from same-store apartment communities because changes from one year to another in real estate revenue and expenses from non-same-store communities are generally due to the addition of those communities to our real estate portfolio, and accordingly provide less useful information for evaluating the ongoing operational performance of our real estate portfolio.   

For the comparison of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, 57 apartment communities were classified as same-store and four apartment communities and two apartment communities, respectively, were non-same-store. See Item 2 - Properties for the list of communities classified as same-store and non-same-store. Sold communities are included in “Dispositions,” for all periods presented, while “Other properties” includes non-multifamily properties and the non-multifamily components of mixed-use properties. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we disposed of twelve and two apartment communities, respectively, consisting of 1,511 and 205 apartment homes, respectively.

Reconciliation of Operating Income to Net Operating Income (non-GAAP)

The following table provides a reconciliation of operating income to NOI (non-GAAP), which is defined above.

[[GREPCENT_TABLE]]
[["","","(in thousands, except percentages)"],["","","Year Ended December 31,"],["","","2025","2024","$ Change","% Change"],["Operating income","","$","64,537","","$","20,475","","$","44,062","","215.2","%"],["Adjustments:"],["Property management expenses","","9,638","","9,128","","510","","5.6","%"],["Casualty loss","","816","","3,307","","(2,491)","","(75.3)","%"],["Depreciation and amortization","","113,231","","106,450","","6,781","","6.4","%"],["Impairment of real estate investments","","37,719","","\u2014","","37,719","","N/A"],["General and administrative expenses","","20,918","","17,802","","3,116","","17.5","%"],["(Gain) loss on sale of real estate and other investments","","(79,470)","","577","","(80,047)","","*"],["Net operating income","","$","167,389","","$","157,739","","$","9,650","","6.1","%"]]
[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

* Not a meaningful percentage.

29

Table of Contents

GAAP and Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The following table metrics, including GAAP and non-GAAP measures, cover the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

[Excerpt truncated for page length; the complete text is on the linked full-MD&A page.]

Read the full FY 2025 MD&A: /company/CSR/mda/fy2025/
All MD&A years: /company/CSR/mda/


## MD&A history

Prior-year 10-K MD&A spans are extracted from SEC filings with the same bounded parser used for the latest filing. Each year's full verbatim text is on its own sub-page.

- [FY 2024 MD&A](/company/CSR/mda/fy2024/): filed 2025-02-18; accession 0000798359-25-000011 (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/798359/000079835925000011/csr-20241231.htm)
- [FY 2023 MD&A](/company/CSR/mda/fy2023/): filed 2024-02-20; accession 0000798359-24-000019 (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/798359/000079835924000019/csr-20231231.htm)
- [FY 2022 MD&A](/company/CSR/mda/fy2022/): filed 2023-02-21; accession 0000798359-23-000013 (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/798359/000079835923000013/csr-20221231.htm)
- [FY 2021 MD&A](/company/CSR/mda/fy2021/): filed 2022-02-28; accession 0000798359-22-000035 (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/798359/000079835922000035/iret-20211231.htm)




## Macro cross-references

Indicators mapped to this company's SIC classification (industry 6798 Real Estate Investment Trusts) by grepcent's deterministic macro-sector crosswalk. A navigational mapping, not a statistical or causal claim.

- [DGS10](/indicator/DGS10/): Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity
- [HOUST](/indicator/HOUST/): New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units
- [PERMIT](/indicator/PERMIT/): New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places: Total Units
- [FEDFUNDS](/indicator/FEDFUNDS/): Federal Funds Effective Rate

Macro-to-micro threads including this sector: [Interest rates & the Fed](/thread/interest-rates-fed/), [Money & trade](/thread/money-trade/), [Government finances](/thread/government-finances/), [Sector employment](/thread/sector-employment/).

All macro indicators: /indicators/


## For LLMs & downloads

Markdown twin: /company/CSR.md · JSON record: /company/CSR.json · verified financials: /company/CSR/financials.json / /company/CSR/financials.csv · machine TOC for the whole site: /llms.txt