# Viant Technology Inc. (DSP) Informational only - not investment advice. CIK: 0001828791 SIC: 7370 Services-Computer Programming, Data Processing, Etc. SIC breadcrumb: [Services](/division/I/) > [Business Services](/major-group/73/) > [SIC 7370 Services-Computer Programming, Data Processing, Etc.](/industry/7370/) Latest 10-K filed: 2026-03-11 SEC page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=1828791 Filing source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828791/000182879126000019/dsp-20251231.htm ## At a glance FY2025 · period end 2025-12-31 · filed 2026-03-11 · accession 0001828791-26-000019 · source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001828791.json | Metric | Value | FY | Provenance | | --- | ---: | ---: | --- | | Revenue | 344,201,000 USD | 2025 | verified | | Net income | 8,352,000 USD | 2025 | verified | | Assets | 474,663,000 USD | 2025 | verified | | Free cash flow | 51,681,000 USD | 2025 | computed | | Net margin | 2.43% | 2025 | computed | | Operating margin | 3.51% | 2025 | computed | | Revenue YoY | +19.00% | 2025 | computed | | ROE | 10.17% | 2025 | computed | Computed values are grepcent-computed from the verified facts above and may differ from ratios the company itself reports. Free cash flow = operating cash flow − capital expenditures. Net margin = net income ÷ revenue. Operating margin = operating income ÷ revenue. Revenue YoY = FY2025 revenue ÷ FY2024 revenue − 1 (consecutive fiscal years only). ROE = net income ÷ period-end stockholders' equity. No market price, no rating, no forecast on this site. Not investment advice. ### Peer percentile fingerprint | Ratio | DSP | Peer median | Percentile | N | | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Net margin | 2.4% | 2.4% | 50 | 31 | | Operating margin | 3.5% | 4.2% | 47 | 31 | | Revenue growth | 19.0% | 5.5% | 81 | 32 | | FCF margin | 15.0% | 15.0% | 50 | 31 | | ROE | 10.2% | 4.5% | 65 | 27 | | ROA | 1.8% | 1.6% | 52 | 32 | | Liabilities / equity | 2.26 | 1.05 | 69 | 27 | | Current ratio | 2.40 | 1.98 | 58 | 32 | Percentile = share of the N covered peers reporting that ratio whose value is lower (ties counted half); computed among grepcent-covered companies in SIC industry 7370 Services-Computer Programming, Data Processing, Etc., not the whole market. A higher percentile means a higher value of the ratio, not a better company. Ratios with fewer than 8 reporting peers are omitted. Latest reported values per company; fiscal periods may differ. Descriptive arithmetic - not a score, rating, or ranking. ## Selected Fundamentals | Metric | Value | Unit | FY | Filed | | --- | ---: | --- | ---: | --- | | Revenue | 344201000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-03-11 | | Net income | 8352000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-03-11 | | Assets | 474663000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-03-11 | ## Financials Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-03-11. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001828791.json. Derived margins, ratios, and free cash flow are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts. | Metric | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Revenue | 164,892,000 | 165,251,000 | 224,127,000 | 197,168,000 | 222,934,000 | 289,235,000 | 344,201,000 | | Net income | | | -7,742,000 | -11,913,000 | -3,443,000 | 2,362,000 | 8,352,000 | | Operating income | 12,795,000 | 21,767,000 | -42,795,000 | -49,260,000 | -18,296,000 | 3,478,000 | 12,078,000 | | Diluted EPS | 27.37 | 20.64 | -0.63 | -0.84 | -0.23 | 0.14 | 0.36 | | Operating cash flow | 13,033,000 | 18,875,000 | 28,665,000 | -3,530,000 | 37,752,000 | 51,767,000 | 52,607,000 | | Capital expenditures | 423,000 | 434,000 | 441,000 | 758,000 | 1,195,000 | 2,498,000 | 926,000 | | Assets | | 133,520,000 | 389,131,000 | 377,883,000 | 404,911,000 | 440,804,000 | 474,663,000 | | Liabilities | | 105,903,000 | 106,557,000 | 112,115,000 | 130,522,000 | 166,729,000 | 185,862,000 | | Stockholders' equity | | 20,117,000 | 60,162,000 | 59,248,000 | 68,257,000 | 53,839,000 | 82,137,000 | | Free cash flow | 12,610,000 | 18,441,000 | 28,224,000 | -4,288,000 | 36,557,000 | 49,269,000 | 51,681,000 | ### Ratios ROE and ROA use period-end equity/assets. Liabilities / equity uses total liabilities divided by stockholders' equity. Current ratio uses current assets divided by current liabilities when both are reported. | Metric | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Net margin | | | -3.45% | -6.04% | -1.54% | 0.82% | 2.43% | | Operating margin | 7.76% | 13.17% | -19.09% | -24.98% | -8.21% | 1.20% | 3.51% | | Return on equity | | | -12.87% | -20.11% | -5.04% | 4.39% | 10.17% | | Return on assets | | | -1.99% | -3.15% | -0.85% | 0.54% | 1.76% | | Liabilities / equity | | 5.26 | 1.77 | 1.89 | 1.91 | 3.10 | 2.26 | | Current ratio | | 1.30 | 4.24 | 3.61 | 3.13 | 2.49 | 2.40 | ## As-reported value updates No tracked differences above grepcent's stated thresholds and capped precision rule were found between the earliest XBRL-filed value and the value currently on file for the standardized annual metrics grepcent tracks. ## Quarterly Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-08-10. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001828791.json. Flow metrics use discrete quarter-length periods from 10-Q/10-Q/A filings. Q4 revenue and net income are derived only when annual FY and nine-month YTD facts exist for the same fiscal year; derived Q4 values are labeled. EPS Q4 is not derived. | Quarter | End date | Revenue | Net income | Diluted EPS | Method | | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | | 2022-Q3 | 2022-09-30 | | | -0.22 | reported discrete quarter | | 2023-Q1 | 2023-03-31 | | | -0.17 | reported discrete quarter | | 2023-Q2 | 2023-06-30 | | | -0.07 | reported discrete quarter | | 2023-Q3 | 2023-09-30 | 59,585,000 | -526,000 | -0.03 | reported discrete quarter | | 2023-Q4 | 2023-12-31 | 64,406,000 | 627,000 | | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | | 2024-Q1 | 2024-03-31 | 53,393,000 | -947,000 | -0.06 | reported discrete quarter | | 2024-Q2 | 2024-06-30 | 65,866,000 | 55,000 | 0.00 | reported discrete quarter | | 2024-Q3 | 2024-09-30 | 79,922,000 | 1,507,000 | 0.09 | reported discrete quarter | | 2024-Q4 | 2024-12-31 | 90,054,000 | 1,747,000 | | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | | 2025-Q1 | 2025-03-31 | 70,642,000 | -1,190,000 | -0.07 | reported discrete quarter | | 2025-Q2 | 2025-06-30 | 77,853,000 | 290,000 | 0.02 | reported discrete quarter | | 2025-Q3 | 2025-09-30 | 85,582,000 | 996,000 | 0.06 | reported discrete quarter | | 2025-Q4 | 2025-12-31 | 110,124,000 | 8,256,000 | | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | | 2026-Q1 | 2026-03-31 | 88,538,000 | -455,000 | -0.03 | reported discrete quarter | | 2026-Q2 | 2026-06-30 | 104,254,000 | -111,000 | -0.03 | reported discrete quarter | ## Filed narrative (10-K & 10-Q) ## Business Verbatim Item 1 Business section from DSP's latest 10-K: [/company/DSP/business/](/company/DSP/business/). ## Risk Factors Verbatim Item 1A Risk Factors from DSP's latest 10-K: [/company/DSP/risk-factors/](/company/DSP/risk-factors/). ## Latest quarter (10-Q) Latest 10-Q source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828791/000182879126000072/dsp-20260630.htm Extracted structurally from real Item 2 body heading to real Item 3/4 boundary. Confidence: high Filing date: 2026-08-10 Report date: 2026-06-30 Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Viant Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Viant,” “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company”) should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) and our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 11, 2026. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties which could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties discussed under the headings “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” and discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Additionally, our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future. Overview We are an advertising technology company. Our cloud-based demand side platform (“DSP”) enables the programmatic purchase of advertising, which is the electronification of the digital advertising buying process. Our proprietary data, measurement, AI and other technology-enabled solutions enhance advertising planning, execution and performance. Programmatic advertising is rapidly taking market share from traditional ad sales channels, which require more staffing, offer less transparency and involve higher costs to buyers. Our DSP is used by marketers and their advertising agencies to centralize the planning, buying and measurement of their digital advertising across most channels. Through our omnichannel platform, a marketer can easily buy ads on connected TV ("CTV"), streaming audio, digital out-of-home, mobile and desktop. Additionally, our artificial intelligence product suite, ViantAI, is the foundational component of our long-term vision for autonomous advertising. We expect it to power every stage of the programmatic advertising lifecycle and create the most efficient and cost-effective experience for our customers. Our ViantAI suite currently includes AI Planning, which enables media planners to design high-impact campaigns in seconds, AI Bidding, which optimizes inventory costs by lowering the effective cost per mille ("eCPM") through automated bid adjustments, AI Measurement and Analysis, which provides accessible measurement and insights via a user-friendly chat interface, and recently released AI Decisioning, which automates planning, execution, measurement and dynamic optimization of campaigns in real-time. The launch of AI Decisioning was accompanied by the introduction of Outcomes, our autonomous advertising performance solution that utilizes each of the four phases of ViantAI, and various signals within our intelligence layer, to build and execute campaigns designed to deliver an optimal outcome. Our DSP is an easy-to-use self-service platform that provides our customers with transparency and control over their advertising campaigns. Customers can choose to maintain hands-on control over every campaign detail or have our platform autonomously execute, optimize and measure their advertising investments. Our platform offers customers unique visibility across a variety of inventory, allowing them to create customized audience segments and leverage our proprietary data and addressability solutions, including Household ID ("HHID"), IRIS_ID, and attention signals, as well as strategic partner data, to reach target audiences at scale. Our platform delivers a full suite of forecasting, reporting and built-in automation that provides our customers with insights into available inventory based on the desired target audience. We offer advanced forecasting and reporting that empowers our customers with functionality designed to ensure they can accurately measure and improve their return on advertising spend across channels, a feature we believe helps us grow our customer base as more customers recognize its benefits. We generate revenue from platform fees and fees related to the purchase of our proprietary data, measurement, and technology service offerings pursuant to agreements that enable a wide variety of marketers and their agencies to select the mix of pricing and service options that suits their unique business and advertising needs. Our platform pricing options consist of a percentage of spend pricing option and a fixed cost per mille (“CPM”) pricing option. Customers who prefer to use our platform on a self-service basis to execute their advertising campaigns enter into master service agreements (“MSAs”) with us, and we generate revenue under these arrangements by charging a platform fee that is primarily a percentage of spend. Customers who prefer to use our fixed CPM pricing option enter into insertion order (“IO”) arrangements with us, and we generate revenue by charging these customers a platform fee at a price for every 1,000 impressions an ad receives. We also offer additional service options to customers accessing our platform under an MSA or an IO, which enables them to use our services to aid them in data management, media execution and advanced reporting. When customers utilize these service options, we generate revenue by charging a service fee separate from the platform fee. We believe that offering a mix of pricing and service options provides greater flexibility for marketers and their advertising agencies seeking to plan, buy and measure programmatic campaigns using our platform and related data, measurement and technology-enabled solutions. 24 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited; tabular dollars in thousands, except per share data) Our financial results for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, include: •Revenue of $104.3 million and $77.9 million, representing an increase of 34%; •Gross profit of $45.5 million and $35.9 million, representing an increase of 27%; •Contribution ex-TAC(1) of $60.2 million and $48.4 million, representing an increase of 24%; •Net income (loss) of $(1.8) million and $1.8 million, representing a decrease of 203%; •Non-GAAP net income(1) of $9.9 million and $8.0 million, representing an increase of 23%; and •Adjusted EBITDA(1) of $14.2 million and $11.3 million, representing an increase of 26%. Our financial results for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, include: •Revenue of $192.8 million and $148.5 million, representing an increase of 30%; •Gross profit of $81.9 million and $66.4 million, representing an increase of 23%; •Contribution ex-TAC(1) of $110.5 million and $91.1 million, representing an increase of 21%; •Net loss of $(4.0) million and $(1.5) million, representing an increase of 165%; •Non-GAAP net income(1) of $15.5 million and $10.8 million, representing an increase of 44%; and •Adjusted EBITDA(1) of $24.0 million and $16.7 million, representing an increase of 44%. (1)Contribution ex-TAC, non-GAAP net income (loss) and adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures. For a detailed discussion of our key operating and financial performance measures and a reconciliation of contribution ex-TAC, non-GAAP net income (loss) and adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”), see “—Key Operating and Financial Performance Measures—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” 25 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited; tabular dollars in thousands, except per share data) Factors Affecting Our Performance Attract, Retain and Grow our Customer Base Our future growth depends on our ability to enhance and improve our offerings and platform to increase adoption and usage across our customer base, while also supporting ongoing customer acquisition. We believe many advertisers are in the early stages of moving a greater percentage of their advertising budgets to programmatic channels. By providing solutions for the planning, buying and measuring of their media spend across most channels, we believe we are well-positioned to capture more of our customers’ programmatic budgets. We also continue to add functionality to our platform to encourage our customers to increase their usage. For instance, we continue to leverage artificial intelligence and machine learning in our platform to help our customers improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their advertising campaigns. We believe ViantAI will support continued market share gains and contribute to the expansion of our total addressable market. Further, we intend to continue to grow our sales and marketing efforts to increase awareness of our DSP and highlight the advantages of our proprietary data. On May 1, 2026, we completed our acquisition of TVision, adding attention measurement and data capabilities that we are integrating into our platform and broader product offerings alongside our existing measurement, data, content and identity capabilities. We believe these combined capabilities will enhance our measurement and optimization solutions and, over time, support increased adoption and usage of our platform. We have also experienced strengthening advertiser demand, reflected in broad-based activity across advertiser industry verticals, continued demand for CTV, increased utilization of our proprietary data and expanded use of the ViantAI product suite. We also continue to see engagement across our sales pipeline, including with enterprise brands, which we believe reflects advertiser interest in differentiated, independent and transparent buy-side alternatives. While the impact of these trends has varied and may continue to fluctuate from period-to-period, we believe they reflect ongoing interest in our platform and solutions, including our proprietary data and our CTV and AI-driven offerings. We evaluate our financial performance based on changes in revenue and contribution ex-TAC. Separately, we use changes in advertiser spend as a qualitative indicator of our platform's market penetration. We define advertiser spend as the total amount billed to our customers for activity on our platform inclusive of the costs of advertising media, third-party data, other add-on features such as our proprietary data, measurement, and technology-enabled solutions, and our platform fee that we charge customers. For the six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2025, our revenue grew 30%. We believe growing customer adoption of our newer products and platform features continued to drive incremental revenue, gross profit and contribution ex-TAC during the six months ended June 30, 2026. For a detailed discussion of our key operating measures, see “—Key Operating and Financial Performance Measures—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” Investment in Growth We believe that the advertising market is in the early stages of a shift toward programmatic advertising. We plan to invest for long-term growth. We anticipate that our operating expenses will continue to increase over the long-term as we invest in platform operations, technology and development to enhance our product capabilities and in sales and marketing to acquire new custo [Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.] ## Latest 10-K MD&A (excerpt) Latest 10-K Item 7 source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828791/000182879126000019/dsp-20251231.htm Complete FY 2025 MD&A: /company/DSP/mda/fy2025/ Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high Filing date: 2026-03-11 Report date: 2025-12-31 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Viant Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Viant,” “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company”) should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Annual Report"). In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties which could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties discussed under the headings “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” and discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report. Additionally, our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future. The following discusses our financial condition and results of operations for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 compared to our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 as well as discussions of our financial condition and results of operations for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 compared to our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Overview We are an advertising technology company. Our cloud-based demand side platform ("DSP") enables the programmatic purchase of advertising, which is the electronification of the digital advertising buying process. Programmatic advertising is rapidly taking market share from traditional ad sales channels, which require more staffing, offer less transparency and involve higher costs to buyers. Our DSP is used by marketers and their advertising agencies to centralize the planning, buying and measurement of their digital advertising across most channels. Through our omnichannel platform, a marketer can easily buy ads on connected TV ("CTV"), streaming audio, digital out-of-home, mobile and desktop. Additionally, our artificial intelligence product suite, ViantAI, will be the foundational component of our long-term vision for autonomous advertising. We expect it to power every stage of the programmatic advertising lifecycle and create the most efficient and cost-effective experience for our customers. Our ViantAI suite currently includes AI Planning, which enables media planners to design high-impact campaigns in seconds, AI Bidding, which optimizes inventory costs by lowering the effective cost per mille ("eCPM") through automated bid adjustments, AI Measurement and Analysis, which provides accessible measurement and insights via a user-friendly chat interface, and recently released AI Decisioning, which automates planning, execution, measurement and dynamic optimization of campaigns in real-time. The launch of AI Decisioning was accompanied by the introduction of Outcomes, our autonomous advertising performance solution that utilizes each of the four phases of ViantAI, and various signals within our intelligence layer, to build and execute campaigns designed to deliver an optimal outcome. Our DSP is an easy-to-use self-service platform that provides our customers with transparency and control over their advertising campaigns. Customers can choose to maintain hands-on control over every campaign detail or have our platform autonomously execute, optimize, and measure their advertising investments. Our platform offers customers unique visibility across a variety of inventory, allowing them to create customized audience segments and leverage our addressability solutions, Household ID ("HHID") and IRIS_ID, and strategic partner data to reach target audiences at scale. Our platform delivers a full suite of forecasting, reporting and built-in automation that provides our customers with insights into available inventory based on the desired target audience. We offer advanced forecasting and reporting that empowers our customers with functionality designed to ensure they can accurately measure and improve their return on advertising spend across channels, a feature we believe helps us grow our customer base as more customers recognize its benefits. We generate revenue by charging platform fees and service fees pursuant to agreements that enable a wide variety of marketers and their agencies to select the mix of pricing and service options that suits their unique business and advertising budget. These options consist of a percentage of spend pricing option and a fixed cost per mille (“CPM”) pricing option. Customers who prefer to use our platform on a self-service basis to execute their advertising campaigns enter into master service agreements (“MSAs”) with us, and we generate revenue under these arrangements by charging a platform fee that is primarily a percentage of spend. Customers who prefer to use our fixed CPM pricing option enter into insertion order (“IO”) arrangements with us, and we generate revenue by charging these customers a platform fee at a price for every 1,000 impressions an ad receives. We also offer additional service options to customers accessing our platform under an MSA or an IO, which enables them to use our services to aid them in data management, media execution and advanced reporting. When customers utilize these service options, we generate revenue by charging a service fee separate from the platform fee. We believe that offering a mix of pricing and service options provides greater flexibility and access to our platform for marketers and their advertising agencies seeking to plan, buy and measure programmatic campaigns. Our financial results for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, include: •Revenue of $344.2 million and $289.2 million, representing an increase of 19.0%; 47 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (tabular dollars in thousands, except for per share data) •Gross profit of $157.6 million and $132.1 million, representing an increase of 19.3%; •Contribution ex-TAC(1) of $208.7 million and $177.4 million, representing an increase of 17.6%; •Net income of $24.1 million and $12.5 million, representing an increase of 93.5%; •Non-GAAP net income(1) of $41.1 million and $34.7 million, representing an increase of 18.6%; and •Adjusted EBITDA(1) of $57.4 million and $44.4 million, representing an increase of 29.2%. (1)Contribution ex-TAC, non-GAAP net income and adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures. For a detailed discussion of our key operating and financial performance measures and a reconciliation of contribution ex-TAC, non-GAAP net income and adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP"), see “—Key Operating and Financial Performance Measures—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” Factors Affecting Our Performance Attract, Retain and Grow our Customer Base Our future growth depends on our ability to enhance and improve our offerings and platform to increase adoption and usage across our customer base, while also supporting ongoing customer acquisition. We believe many advertisers are in the early stages of moving a greater percentage of their advertising budgets to programmatic channels. By providing solutions for the planning, buying and measuring of their media spend across most channels, we believe we are well positioned to capture more of our customers’ programmatic budgets. We also continue to add functionality to our platform to encourage our customers to increase their usage. For instance, we continue to leverage artificial intelligence and machine learning in our platform to help our customers improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their advertising campaigns. We expect ViantAI to continue accelerating market share gains and expanding our total addressable market. Further, we intend to continue to grow our sales and marketing efforts to increase awareness of our DSP and highlight the advantages of our addressability solutions, HHID and IRIS_ID, supply quality scoring and strategic partner data as a superior option to cookie-based targeting. We evaluate our customers' usage of our platform based on changes in revenue and contribution ex-TAC and we evaluate market penetration based on changes in advertiser spend. We define advertiser spend as the total amount billed to our customers for activity on our platform inclusive of the costs of advertising media, third-party data, other add-on features and our platform fee that we charge customers. For the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024, our revenue grew 19.0%. We believe growing customer adoption of our newer products and platform features continued to drive incremental revenue, gross profit and contribution ex-TAC during the year. For a detailed discussion of our key operating measures, see “—Key Operating and Financial Performance Measures—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” Investment in Growth We believe that the advertising market is in the early stages of a shift toward programmatic advertising. We plan to invest for long-term growth. We anticipate that our operating expenses will continue to increase over the long-term as we invest in platform operations, technology and development to enhance our product capabilities, and in sales and marketing to acquire new customers and increase our customers’ usage of our platform. We believe that these investments will contribute to our long-term growth. Impact of Macroeconomic and Geopolitical Conditions Macroeconomic conditions and geopolitical events, such as pandemics, inflation, high interest rates, tariffs, international trade conflict, tightening of credit markets, recession risks, labor shortages, supply chain disruptions, political cycles, changes in laws and interpretations of laws, changes in the volume and relative mix of U.S. government spending, cost-cutting and efficiency initiatives and potential disruptions from international conflicts and acts of terrorism, have impacted and may continue to impact our business and the business of our customers, while also disrupting sales channels and advertising and marketing activities. We continue to actively monitor the impact of these macroeconomic factors on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, and on our customers, partners, industry and employees. The extent to which these factors impact our operational and financial performance, including our ability to execute our business strategies and initiatives in the expected time frame, will depend on future developments, which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. Due to the nature of our business, the effect of these macroeconomic conditions and geopolitical events may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. Growth of the Digital Advertising Market We expect to continue to benefit from overall adoption of programmatic advertising by marketers and their agencies. We also expect to benefit from the broader industry shift of advertising budgets from linear television to CTV, which is significantly expanding 48 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (tabular dollars in thousands, except for per share data) the total addressable market for programmatic advertising. We believe we are well-positioned to capitalize on this shift and momentum as advertisers increasingly allocate budgets to CTV. Any material change in the growth rate of digital advertising or the rate of adoption of programmatic advertising could affect our performance. Recent years have shown that advertising spend is closely tied to advertisers’ f [Excerpt truncated for page length; the complete text is on the linked full-MD&A page.] Read the full FY 2025 MD&A: /company/DSP/mda/fy2025/ All MD&A years: /company/DSP/mda/ ## MD&A history Prior-year 10-K MD&A spans are extracted from SEC filings with the same bounded parser used for the latest filing. Each year's full verbatim text is on its own sub-page. - [FY 2024 MD&A](/company/DSP/mda/fy2024/): filed 2025-03-03; accession 0001828791-25-000010 (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828791/000182879125000010/dsp-20241231.htm) - [FY 2023 MD&A](/company/DSP/mda/fy2023/): filed 2024-03-04; accession 0001828791-24-000011 (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828791/000182879124000011/dsp-20231231.htm) - [FY 2022 MD&A](/company/DSP/mda/fy2022/): filed 2023-03-02; accession 0001828791-23-000012 (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828791/000182879123000012/dsp-20221231.htm) - [FY 2021 MD&A](/company/DSP/mda/fy2021/): filed 2022-03-10; accession 0001564590-22-009695 (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828791/000156459022009695/dsp-10k_20211231.htm) ## Macro cross-references Indicators mapped to this company's SIC classification (industry 7370 Services-Computer Programming, Data Processing, Etc.) by grepcent's deterministic macro-sector crosswalk. A navigational mapping, not a statistical or causal claim. - [PAYEMS](/indicator/PAYEMS/): All Employees, Total Nonfarm - [CES0500000003](/indicator/CES0500000003/): Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees, Total Private - [DGS10](/indicator/DGS10/): Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity Macro-to-micro threads including this sector: [US labor market](/thread/us-labor-market/), [Growth & output](/thread/growth-output/), [Government finances](/thread/government-finances/), [Sector employment](/thread/sector-employment/). All macro indicators: /indicators/ ## For LLMs & downloads Markdown twin: /company/DSP.md · JSON record: /company/DSP.json · verified financials: /company/DSP/financials.json / /company/DSP/financials.csv · machine TOC for the whole site: /llms.txt