# NATIONAL BEVERAGE CORP (FIZZ) FY 2023 MD&A Verbatim Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis from NATIONAL BEVERAGE CORP's 10-K for fiscal year 2023. SEC filing source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/69891/000143774923018790/fizz20230429_10k.htm Accession: 0001437749-23-018790 Filing date: 2023-06-28 Report date: 2023-04-29 Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high Company profile: /company/FIZZ/ All MD&A years: /company/FIZZ/mda/ Previous year: /company/FIZZ/mda/fy2022/ (FY 2022) Next year: /company/FIZZ/mda/fy2024/ (FY 2024) ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OVERVIEW The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Operations is intended to provide information about the Company’s operations and business environment and should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes contained in Item 8 of this report. National Beverage Corp. innovatively refreshes America with a distinctive portfolio of sparkling waters, juices, energy drinks (Power+ Brands) and, to a lesser extent, carbonated soft drinks. We believe our creative product designs, innovative packaging and imaginative flavors, along with our corporate culture and philosophy, make National Beverage unique as a stand-alone entity in the beverage industry. National Beverage Corp., in recent years, has transformed to an innovative, healthier refreshment company. From our corporate philosophy, development of products and marketing to manufacturing, we are converting consumers to a ‘Better for You’ thirst quencher that compassionately cares for their nutritional health. We are committed to our quest to innovate for the joy, benefit and enjoyment of our consumers’ healthier lifestyle! We believe our brands are uniquely positioned in three distinctive ways: [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","(1)","The new consumer is the most competent/knowledgeable product analyzer ever, and personal mental/physical lifestyles demand that healthier is their preferred choice. Calories must qualify as worthy; sugar being enemy #1 in the life of the Millennial and younger consumers."]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","(2)","The retail industry is in a revolution. In prior years, each retailer induced their consumer with a proprietary brand (especially soft drinks), but today understands that the well-informed, smart consumer is demanding that retailers provide recognizable brands that have earned their respective consumer standing on their merits."]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","(3)","Retail today is in the most competitively-indexed service industry, without exception. Innovation, plus the urgent time demands on the consumer, requires quick, expedient shopping. Home delivery is even more of a current shoppers\u2019 choice. Retailers cannot carry slower-moving items that home delivery will not support."]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] Our strategy seeks the profitable growth of our products by (i) developing healthier beverages in response to the global shift in consumer buying habits and tailoring our beverage portfolio to the preferences of a diverse mix of ‘crossover consumers’ – a growing group desiring a healthier alternative to artificially sweetened and high-caloric beverages; (ii) emphasizing unique flavor development and variety throughout our brands that appeal to multiple demographic groups; (iii) maintaining points of difference through innovative marketing, packaging and consumer engagement and (iv) responding faster and more creatively to changing consumer trends than larger competitors who are burdened by legacy production and distribution complexity and costs. 15 Table of Contents Presently, our primary market focus is the United States and Canada. Certain of our products are also distributed on a limited basis in other countries and options to expand distribution to other regions are being considered. To service a diverse customer base that includes numerous national retailers, as well as thousands of smaller “up-and-down-the-street” accounts, we utilize a hybrid distribution system consisting of warehouse and direct-store delivery. The warehouse delivery system allows our retail partners to further maximize their assets by utilizing their ability to pick up product at our warehouses, further lowering their/our product costs. National Beverage Corp. is incorporated in Delaware and began trading as a public company on the NASDAQ Stock Market in 1991. In this report, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company” and “National Beverage” mean National Beverage Corp. and its subsidiaries unless indicated otherwise. Our operating results are affected by numerous factors, including fluctuations in the costs of raw materials, holiday and seasonal programming and weather conditions. While prior years witnessed more seasonality, higher sales are realized during the summer when outdoor activities are more prevalent. Traditional and typical are not a part of an innovator’s vocabulary. 16 Table of Contents RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following section generally discusses the fiscal years ended April 29, 2023 (Fiscal 2023) and April 30, 2022 (Fiscal 2022) items and year-to-year comparisons between Fiscal 2023 and Fiscal 2022. Discussions of fiscal year ended May 1, 2021 (Fiscal 2021) items and year-to-year comparisons between Fiscal 2022 and Fiscal 2021 can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2022, which is available free of charge on our website at www.nationalbeverage.com. Net Sales Net sales for Fiscal 2023 increased 3.1% to $1,173 million compared to $1,138 million for Fiscal 2022. The increase in sales resulted from a 8.4% increase in average selling price offset in part by a 4.9% decline in case volume, which impacted both Power+Brands and carbonated soft drinks. Gross Profit Gross profit for Fiscal 2023 was $396.8 million compared to $417.8 million for Fiscal 2022. The average cost per case increased 13.4% and gross margin decreased to 33.8% from 36.7% for Fiscal 2022. The decrease in gross margin is due to increases in packaging, ingredients and freight costs offset in part by increased average selling price. Gross profit per case was flat. Shipping and handling costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses, the classification of which is consistent with many beverage companies. However, our gross margin may not be comparable to companies that include shipping and handling costs in cost of sales. See Note 1 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses were approximately $210 million for both Fiscal 2023, and Fiscal 2022. Marketing and shipping costs declined and were offset by increased administrative costs. The decline in marketing costs was primarily due to reduced programs with retail partners. As a percent of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses declined to 17.9% from 18.4% in Fiscal 2022. Other (Expense) Income - Net Other (expense) income, net includes interest income of $2.3 million for Fiscal 2023 and $.1 million for Fiscal 2022.  The increase in interest income is due to increased average invested balances and higher return on investments.  Income Taxes Our effective tax rate was 23.7% for Fiscal 2023 and 23.6% for Fiscal 2022. The differences between the effective rate and the federal statutory rate of 21% were primarily due to the effects of state income taxes. 17 Table of Contents LIQUIDITY AND FINANCIAL CONDITION Liquidity and Capital Resources Our principal source of funds is cash generated from operations. At April 29, 2023, we had $158.1 million in cash and cash equivalents and maintained $150 million in unsecured revolving credit facilities, under which no borrowings were outstanding and $2.2 million was reserved for standby letters of credit. We believe that existing capital resources will be sufficient to meet our liquidity and capital requirements for the next twelve months. See Note 5 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Expenditures for property, plant and equipment amounted to $22.0 million for Fiscal 2023 primarily for capital projects to expand our capacity, enhance sustainability and packaging capabilities and improve efficiencies at our production facilities. We intend to continue capacity and efficiency improvement projects in Fiscal 2024 and expect capital expenditures to be comparable to Fiscal 2022. Pursuant to a management agreement, we incurred a fee to Corporate Management Advisors, Inc. (CMA) of $11.9 million for Fiscal 2023 and $11.4 million for Fiscal 2022. Included in current liabilities were amounts due CMA of $2.9 million at April 29, 2023 and $4.0 million at April 30, 2022. See Note 6 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Cash Flows During Fiscal 2023, $161.7 million was provided by operating activities, $22.0 million was used in investing activities and $29.7 million was used in financing activities. Cash provided by operating activities increased $28.5 million due to reduced net working capital other than cash, change in deferred taxes offset in part by lower net income. Cash used in investing activities decreased $7.1 million due to lower capital expenditures. Cash used in financing activities includes a $30 million repayment of our Loan Facility. Financial Position During Fiscal 2023, our working capital increased $92.9 million to $222.1 million. The increase in working capital resulted from increased cash and equivalents generated by operations, increased trade receivables offset in part by lower inventories and reduced income tax prepayments. Trade receivables increased $11.3 million and days sales outstanding was 33.3 days at April 29, 2023 compared to 30 days at April 30, 2022. Inventories decreased $9.7 million as a result of the reduced quantities of finished goods and raw materials. Annual inventory turns decreased to 7.9 from 8.2 times. At April 29, 2023, the current ratio was 2.5 to 1 compared to 1.9 to 1 at April 30, 2022. 18 Table of Contents CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS Contractual obligations at April 29, 2023 are payable as follows: [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","","(In thousands)"],["","","Total","","","1 Year Or less","","","2 to 3 Years","","","4 to 5 Years","","","More Than 5 Years"],["Operating leases","","$","44,674","","","$","12,798","","","$","17,903","","","$","10,304","","","$","3,669"],["Purchase commitments","","","19,535","","","","19,535","","","","-","","","","-","","","","-"],["Total","","$","64,209","","","$","32,333","","","$","17,903","","","$","10,304","","","$","3,669"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] We contribute to certain pension plans under collective bargaining agreements and to a discretionary profit sharing plan. Annual contributions were $3.8 million for Fiscal 2023 and $4.0 million for Fiscal 2022. See Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. We maintain self-insured and deductible programs for certain liability, medical and workers’ compensation exposures. Other long-term liabilities include known claims and estimated incurred but not reported claims not otherwise covered by insurance based on actuarial assumptions and historical claims experience. Since the timing and amount of claim payments vary significantly, we are not able to reasonably estimate future payments for specific periods and therefore such payments have not been included in the table above. Standby letters of credit aggregating $2.2 million have been issued in connection with our self-insurance programs. These standby letters of credit expire through March 2024 and are expected to be renewed. OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS AND ESTIMATES We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our financial condition. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates are based on management’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, they may ultimately differ from actual results. We believe that the critical accounting policies described in the following paragraphs comprise the most significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. For these policies, we caution that future events rarely develop exactly as estimated and the best estimates routinely require adjustment. Credit Risk We sell products to a variety of customers and extend credit based on an evaluation of each customer’s financial condition, generally without requiring collateral. Exposure to credit losses varies by customer principally due to the financial condition of each customer. We monitor our exposure to credit losses and maintain allowances for anticipated losses based on our experience with past due accounts, collectability and our analysis of customer data. 19 Table of Contents Impairment of Long-Lived Assets All long-lived assets, excluding goodwill and intangible assets not subject to amortization, are evaluated for impairment on the basis of undiscounted cash flows whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Goodwill and intangible assets not subject to amortization are evaluated for impairment annually or sooner if we believe such assets may be impaired. An impairment loss is written down to its estimated fair market value based on discounted future cash flows. Income Taxes The Company’s effective income tax rate is based on estimates of taxes which will ultimately be payable. Deferred taxes are recorded to give recognition to temporary differences between the tax bases of assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. Valuation allowances are established to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets when it is deemed, more likely than not, that the benefit of deferred tax assets will not be realized. Insurance Programs We maintain self-insured and deductible programs for certain liability, medical and workers’ compensation exposures. Accordingly, we accrue for known claims and estimated incurred but not reported claims not otherwise covered by insurance based on actuarial assumptions and historical claims experience. Revenue Recognition We recognize revenue upon delivery to our customers, based on written sales terms that do not allow a right of return except in rare instances. Our products are typically sold on credit; however smaller direct-store delivery accounts may be sold on a cash basis. Our credit terms normally require payment within 30 days of delivery and may allow discounts for early payment. We estimate and reserve for bad debt exposure based on our experience with past due accounts, collectability and our analysis of customer data. We offer various sales incentive arrangements to our customers that require customer performance or achievement of certain sales volume targets. Sales incentives are accrued over the period of benefit or expected sales. When the incentive is paid in advance, the aggregate incentive is recorded as a prepaid and amortized over the period of benefit. The recognition of these incentives involves the use of judgment related to performance and sales volume estimates that are made based on historical experience and other factors. Sales incentives are accounted for as a reduction of sales and actual amounts ultimately realized may vary from accrued amounts. Such differences are recorded once determined and have historically not been significant. 20 Table of Contents FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS National Beverage Corp. and its representatives may make written or oral statements relating to future events or results relative to our financial, operational and business performance, achievements, objectives and strategies. These statements are “forward-looking” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and include statements contained in this report and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and in reports to our stockholders. Certain statements including, without limitation, statements containing the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “expects,” and “estimates” constitute “forward-looking statements” and involve known and unknown risk, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of our Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the following: general economic and business conditions, pricing of competitive products, success of new product and flavor introductions, fluctuations in the costs and availability of raw materials and packaging supplies, ability to pass along cost increases to our customers, labor strikes or work stoppages or other interruptions in the employment of labor, continued retailer support for our products, changes in brand image, consumer demand and preferences and our success in creating products geared toward consumers’ tastes, success in implementing business strategies, changes in business strategy or development plans, government regulations, taxes or fees imposed on the sale of our products, unfavorable weather conditions and other factors referenced in this report, filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and other reports to our stockholders. We disclaim any obligation to update any such factors or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events or developments.