# LiveWire Group, Inc. (LVWR)

Informational only - not investment advice.

CIK: 0001898795
SIC: 3751 Motorcycles, Bicycles & Parts
SIC breadcrumb: [Manufacturing](/division/D/) > [Transportation Equipment](/major-group/37/) > [SIC 3751 Motorcycles, Bicycles & Parts](/industry/3751/)
Latest 10-K filed: 2026-02-20
SEC page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=1898795
Filing source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1898795/000189879526000028/lvwr-20251231.htm

## At a glance

FY2025 · period end 2025-12-31 · filed 2026-02-20 · accession 0001898795-26-000028 · source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001898795.json

| Metric | Value | FY | Provenance |
| --- | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Revenue | 25,672,000 USD | 2025 | verified |
| Net income | -75,114,000 USD | 2025 | verified |
| Assets | 146,411,000 USD | 2025 | verified |
| Free cash flow | -57,359,000 USD | 2025 | computed |
| Revenue YoY | -3.61% | 2025 | computed |
| ROE | -163.19% | 2025 | computed |

Computed values are grepcent-computed from the verified facts above and may differ from ratios the company itself reports. Free cash flow = operating cash flow − capital expenditures. Revenue YoY = FY2025 revenue ÷ FY2024 revenue − 1 (consecutive fiscal years only). ROE = net income ÷ period-end stockholders' equity.

No market price, no rating, no forecast on this site. Not investment advice.

### Peer percentile fingerprint

| Ratio | LVWR | Peer median | Percentile | N |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Revenue growth | -3.6% | 5.6% | 15 | 73 |
| FCF margin | -223.4% | 4.4% | 10 | 72 |
| ROE | -163.2% | 6.0% | 4 | 72 |
| ROA | -51.3% | 2.8% | 5 | 75 |
| Liabilities / equity | 2.18 | 1.45 | 70 | 72 |
| Current ratio | 4.63 | 2.20 | 90 | 71 |

Percentile = share of the N covered peers reporting that ratio whose value is lower (ties counted half); computed among grepcent-covered companies in SIC major-group 37 Transportation Equipment, not the whole market. A higher percentile means a higher value of the ratio, not a better company. Ratios with fewer than 8 reporting peers are omitted. Latest reported values per company; fiscal periods may differ. Descriptive arithmetic - not a score, rating, or ranking.

## Selected Fundamentals
| Metric | Value | Unit | FY | Filed |
| --- | ---: | --- | ---: | --- |
| Revenue | 25672000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-20 |
| Net income | -75114000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-20 |
| Assets | 146411000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-20 |

## Financials

Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-02-20. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001898795.json. Derived margins, ratios, and free cash flow are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts.

| Metric | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Revenue |  | 30,863,000 | 35,806,000 | 46,833,000 | 38,023,000 | 26,633,000 | 25,672,000 |
| Net income |  | -77,572,000 | -68,292,000 | -78,938,000 | -109,550,000 | -93,925,000 | -75,114,000 |
| Operating income |  | -77,055,000 | -68,182,000 | -84,955,000 | -115,989,000 | -110,356,000 | -75,484,000 |
| Diluted EPS |  | -0.48 | -0.42 | -0.46 | -0.54 | -0.46 | -0.37 |
| Operating cash flow |  | -53,714,000 | -74,539,000 | -89,681,000 | -83,462,000 | -93,859,000 | -53,548,000 |
| Capital expenditures |  | 3,243,000 | 9,951,000 | 14,081,000 | 13,462,000 | 8,068,000 | 3,811,000 |
| Share buybacks |  |  | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1,969,000 | 1,444,000 | 1,024,000 |
| Assets |  | 51,740,000 | 61,952,000 | 351,805,000 | 266,147,000 | 147,960,000 | 146,411,000 |
| Liabilities |  |  | 42,027,000 | 45,005,000 | 60,284,000 | 32,845,000 | 100,383,000 |
| Stockholders' equity | 21,797,000 | 2,023,000 | 19,925,000 | 306,800,000 | 205,863,000 | 115,115,000 | 46,028,000 |
| Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 2,668,000 | 265,240,000 | 167,904,000 | 64,437,000 | 82,777,000 |
| Free cash flow |  | -56,957,000 | -84,490,000 | -103,762,000 | -96,924,000 | -101,927,000 | -57,359,000 |

### Ratios

ROE and ROA use period-end equity/assets. Liabilities / equity uses total liabilities divided by stockholders' equity. Current ratio uses current assets divided by current liabilities when both are reported.

| Metric | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Return on equity |  |  | -342.75% | -25.73% | -53.22% | -81.59% | -163.19% |
| Return on assets |  | -149.93% | -110.23% | -22.44% | -41.16% | -63.48% | -51.30% |
| Liabilities / equity |  |  | 2.11 | 0.15 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 2.18 |
| Current ratio |  |  | 1.07 | 8.77 | 4.55 | 3.29 | 4.63 |

## As-reported value updates

No tracked differences above grepcent's stated thresholds and capped precision rule were found between the earliest XBRL-filed value and the value currently on file for the standardized annual metrics grepcent tracks.


## Quarterly

Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-08-05. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001898795.json.

Flow metrics use discrete quarter-length periods from 10-Q/10-Q/A filings. Q4 revenue and net income are derived only when annual FY and nine-month YTD facts exist for the same fiscal year; derived Q4 values are labeled. EPS Q4 is not derived.

| Quarter | End date | Revenue | Net income | Diluted EPS | Method |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 2022-Q3 | 2022-09-25 |  |  | 0.01 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2023-Q1 | 2023-03-31 |  |  | -0.10 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2023-Q2 | 2023-06-30 |  |  | -0.20 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2023-Q3 | 2023-06-30 |  | -40,732,000 |  | reported discrete quarter |
| 2023-Q3 | 2023-09-30 | 8,144,000 |  | -0.07 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2023-Q4 | 2023-12-31 | 15,091,000 | -33,093,000 |  | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD |
| 2024-Q1 | 2024-03-31 | 4,978,000 | -23,644,000 | -0.12 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2024-Q2 | 2024-03-31 |  | -23,644,000 |  | reported discrete quarter |
| 2024-Q2 | 2024-06-30 | 6,449,000 |  | -0.12 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2024-Q3 | 2024-06-30 |  | -24,805,000 |  | reported discrete quarter |
| 2024-Q3 | 2024-09-30 | 4,445,000 |  | -0.11 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2024-Q4 | 2024-12-31 | 10,761,000 | -22,782,000 |  | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD |
| 2025-Q1 | 2025-03-31 | 2,743,000 | -19,271,000 | -0.09 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q2 | 2025-03-31 |  | -19,271,000 |  | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q2 | 2025-06-30 | 5,873,000 |  | -0.09 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q3 | 2025-06-30 |  | -18,826,000 |  | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q3 | 2025-09-30 | 5,701,000 |  | -0.10 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q4 | 2025-12-31 | 11,355,000 | -17,622,000 |  | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD |
| 2026-Q1 | 2026-03-31 | 5,115,000 | -18,128,000 | -0.09 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2026-Q2 | 2026-03-31 |  | -18,128,000 |  | reported discrete quarter |
| 2026-Q2 | 2026-06-30 | 9,115,000 |  | -0.09 | reported discrete quarter |

## Filed narrative (10-K & 10-Q)

## Business

Verbatim Item 1 Business section from LVWR's latest 10-K: [/company/LVWR/business/](/company/LVWR/business/).

## Risk Factors

Verbatim Item 1A Risk Factors from LVWR's latest 10-K: [/company/LVWR/risk-factors/](/company/LVWR/risk-factors/).

## Latest quarter (10-Q)

Latest 10-Q source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1898795/000189879526000085/lvwr-20260630.htm

Extracted from a substantive MD&A body after the formal Item 2 span was a TOC or reference stub.
Confidence: high
Filing date: 2026-08-05
Report date: 2026-06-30

Overview

LiveWire is an industry-leading all-electric vehicle brand with a mission to pioneer the rapidly growing two-wheel electric motorcycle space. The Company operates in two segments: Electric Motorcycles and STACYC.

The Electric Motorcycles segment sells electric motorcycles, related parts and accessories and apparel in the United States and certain international markets, while the STACYC segment sells electric balance bikes, electric bikes, and related parts, accessories and apparel in the United States and certain international markets. The STACYC segment launched an adult pedal assist electric bike in the United States in March 2025.

Electric motorcycles are sold at wholesale to a network of Independent Retail Partners, at retail through a Company-owned dealership and through online sales. Electric balance bikes and electric bikes are sold at wholesale to independent dealers and independent distributors, as well as direct to customers online. As discussed below, on September 26, 2022 as part of the Business Combination, the Company, which included LiveWire branded electric motorcycles and STACYC, became a separate, publicly traded company.

On May 18, 2026, LiveWire acquired substantially all of the assets of Dust Motorcycles, Inc. (“Dust”), expanding the Company's presence into the electric off-road market. Through the acquisition, LiveWire obtained an electric dirt bike platform that is being advanced toward production and is expected to complement the Company's existing electric motorcycle portfolio. The acquisition aligns with the Company's strategy to expand its product offerings and address additional categories of the electric two-wheel market. The Company determined the operations of Dust will be included in the Electric Motorcycles segment. Acquisition-related costs of $297 thousand and $424 thousand were recorded within Selling, administrative and engineering costs on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026. There was no revenue recorded and a net loss of $274 thousand recorded for Dust operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

For the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company’s net loss was $18,213 thousand compared to $18,826 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and was $36,341 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to $38,097 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The Company’s net losses reflect the early-stage nature of the Company’s business including investments in product development as the Company continues to focus on technological innovation that it expects will support future products and growth. The decrease in net loss of $613 thousand and $1,756 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, reflect the segment results and changes in interest expense, related party, interest income (expense), net, and the change in fair value of warrant liabilities discussed below.

For the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Electric Motorcycles segment operating loss was $18,040 thousand compared to an operating loss of $18,003 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and was an operating loss of $34,741 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to an operating loss of $37,356 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2025. Refer to the Electric Motorcycles segment analysis below for further discussion on the increase in operating loss of $37 thousand and decrease in operating loss of $2,615 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively.

For the three months ended June 30, 2026, the STACYC segment operating income was $26 thousand compared to an operating loss of $261 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and was an operating loss of $945 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to operating loss of $1,574 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2025. Refer to the STACYC segment analysis below for further discussion on the decrease in operating loss of $287 thousand and $629 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively.

29

In response to the market challenges facing the electric vehicle segment and the overall broader powersports industry, the Company is continuing to focus on strategic expansion of its product offerings. The Company commenced production in the second quarter 2026 of its two new 125 cc-equivalent mini-motos, the S4 HonchoTM products, which are designed to expand access and affordability for riders globally. The first units are expected to arrive at authorized LiveWire retail locations later in the summer of 2026. As the Company evaluates its long-term strategy and product offerings, it will continue to focus on cost savings to reduce cash usage while focusing on developing and producing profitable products to align with evolving customer preferences and broader electric vehicle adoption trends that will allow the Company to continue to reduce operating losses and fund its operations through profitability.

On August 22, 2025, LiveWire entered into an At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement with Mizuho Securities USA LLC, as agent (the “Agent”), under which LiveWire may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, an aggregate gross sale price of up to $50.0 million of shares of its common stock through the Agent (the “ATM Program”), pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-289699), which was declared effective by the SEC on August 21, 2025. LiveWire filed a prospectus supplement with the SEC on August 22, 2025 in connection with the ATM Program.

Business Combination

On September 26, 2022, the Company consummated a previously announced business combination and related financing transactions (collectively the “Business Combination”) pursuant to a business combination agreement, dated as of December 12, 2021 (the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among AEA-Bridges Impact Corp (“ABIC”), LiveWire EV Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (now known as “LiveWire Group, Inc.”), LW EV Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Merger Sub”), Harley-Davidson, Inc., a Wisconsin corporation (“H-D”), and LiveWire EV, LLC (“Legacy LiveWire”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of H-D.

The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization. Under this method of accounting, ABIC was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of the Company issuing stock for the net assets of ABIC, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of ABIC were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded resulting from the Business Combination. The Business Combination resulted in net proceeds of approximately $293.7 million. The Company also assumed the Public Warrants and Private Warrants upon consummation of the Business Combination. See further detail in Note 8, Warrant Liabilities, to the consolidated financial statements.

2026 Outlook

For the remainder of 2026, LiveWire's focus is on the introduction and delivery into the market of its two new 125 cc-equivalent mini-motos, the S4 HonchoTM products, and continued advancement of the Dust electric dirt bike platform towards production. Additionally, the Company remains focused on continued network expansion, cost savings and improvements, product innovation and development focused on profitable products, and continued growth of the STACYC segment.

30

Key Business Metrics

To analyze LiveWire’s business performance, determine financial forecasts and help develop long-term strategic plans, management reviews the following key business metrics, which are important measures that represent the growth of the business:

•Wholesale Motorcycle Unit Sales – LiveWire defines Wholesale Motorcycle Unit Sales as the number of electric motorcycles sold by LiveWire to independent dealers for which LiveWire recognized revenue during the period.    

•Company Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales – LiveWire defines Company Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales as the number of new electric motorcycles sold at retail by LiveWire through its Company-owned dealership, through online sales or direct to customers through select international partners for which LiveWire recognized revenue during the period.

•Independent Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales – LiveWire defines Independent Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales as the number of new electric motorcycles sold at retail by Independent Retail Partners. These unit sales do not generate revenues for LiveWire but generate revenues for individual retail partners. The data source for electric motorcycle retail sales figures is new sales warranty and registration information provided by Independent Retail Partners and compiled by LiveWire. LiveWire must rely on information that its Independent Retail Partners supply concerning new retail sales, and LiveWire does not regularly verify the information that its Independent Retail Partners supply. This information is subject to revision.

•Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales – LiveWire defines Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales as the sum of Company Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales and Independent Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales.

•Company-Owned Dealership – Dealership owned and operated by LiveWire to sell electric motorcycles, related products, and services.

•Independent Retail Partners (Electric Motorcycles) – Independent Retail Partners as used with Electric Motorcycles are dealers owned and operated by independent entities under contract with LiveWire to sell LiveWire electric motorcycles, related products and services.

•Electric Balance Bike and Electric Bike Unit Sales (STACYC) – LiveWire defines Electric Balance Bike and Electric Bike Unit Sales as the number of electric balance bikes and pedal assist electric bikes sold by LiveWire for which LiveWire recognized revenue during the period.

•Independent Retail Partners (STACYC) – Independent Retail Partners as used with STACYC are independent entities under contract with STACYC to sell electric balance bikes, electric bikes and related products and services.

31

The following table details the key business metric amounts for the periods indicated:

[[GREPCENT_TABLE]]
[["","Three months ended","","Six months ended"],["","June 30, 2026","","June 30, 2025","","June 30, 2026","","June 30, 2025"],["Wholesale Motorcycle Unit Sales","251","","","47","","","327","","","79"],["Company Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales","16","","","8","","","31","","","9"],["Total LiveWire Motorcycle Unit Sales","267","","","55","","","358","","","88"],["Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales:"],["Company Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales (1)","16","","","8","","","31","","","9"],["Independent Retail Partners (2)","277","","","100","","","381","","","171"],["Total Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales","293","","","108","","","412","","","180"],["Electric Balance Bike and Electric Bike Unit Sales:"],["US","4,595","","","3,410","","","8,312","","","5,355"],["International","628","","","1,462","","","870","","","1,487"],["Total Electric Balance Bike and Electric Bike Unit Sales","5,223","","","4,872","","","9,182","","","6,842"]]
[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

(1) Data source for Company Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales figures shown above is LiveWire’s records.

(2) Data source for Independent Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales figures shown above is new sales warranty and registration information provided by retail partners and compiled by LiveWire. LiveWire must rely on information that its Independent Retail Partners supply concerning new retail sales, and LiveWire does not regularly verify the information that its Independent Retail Partners supply. This information is subject to revision.

The following table details the number of retail partners:

[[GRE

[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]

## Latest 10-K MD&A (excerpt)

Latest 10-K Item 7 source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1898795/000189879526000028/lvwr-20251231.htm
Complete FY 2025 MD&A: /company/LVWR/mda/fy2025/

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Published MD&A gate trimmed front/tail over-capture.
Confidence: high
Filing date: 2026-02-20
Report date: 2025-12-31

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis is intended to help the reader understand LiveWire, our financial condition and results of operations, and our present business environment. The following discussion and analysis should be read together with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The following discussion may contain forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those factors discussed below and elsewhere in this Form 10-K, particularly in “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” discussions.

Overview

LiveWire is an industry-leading all-electric vehicle brand with a mission to pioneer the rapidly growing two-wheel electric motorcycle space. The Company operates in two segments: Electric Motorcycles and STACYC.

The Electric Motorcycles segment sells electric motorcycles, related parts and accessories and apparel in the United States and certain international markets, while the STACYC segment sells electric balance bikes, electric bikes, related parts and accessories and apparel in the United States and certain international markets. The STACYC segment launched an adult pedal assist electric bike in the United States in March 2025.

Electric motorcycles are sold at wholesale to a network of Independent Retail Partners, at retail through a Company-owned dealership and through online sales. Prior to November 5, 2024, the Company’s products were sold at retail through select international partners primarily in Europe. Electric balance bikes and electric bikes are sold at wholesale to independent dealers and independent distributors, as well as direct to customers online. As discussed below, on September 26, 2022 as part of the

59

Business Combination, the Company, which included LiveWire branded electric motorcycles and STACYC, became a separate, publicly traded company.

During the third quarter of 2025, the Company initiated the “Twist & Go Promotion” offering temporary pricing incentives on its S2 electric motorcycles from August 28, 2025 to October 31, 2025, which resulted in increased sales volumes in the third quarter of 2025. In late October 2025, the promotion was extended by the Company through December 15, 2025.

LiveWire’s net loss for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $75,114 thousand compared to $93,925 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024. LiveWire’s net losses reflect the early-stage nature of LiveWire’s business including investments in product development as LiveWire continues to focus on technological innovation that it expects will support future products and growth.

The Electric Motorcycles segment operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $73,831 thousand, compared to an operating loss of $105,500 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024. Refer to the Electric Motorcycles segment analysis below for further discussion.

The STACYC segment operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $1,653 thousand, as compared to operating loss of $4,856 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024. Refer to the STACYC segment analysis below for further discussion.

In response to the market challenges facing the electric vehicle segment and the overall boarder powersports industry, the Company is continuing to focus on strategic expansion of its product offerings, including the planned production in the spring of 2026 of two new 125 cc-equivalent mini-motos, the S4 HonchoTM products, which are designed to expand access and affordability for riders globally. As the Company evaluates its long-term strategy and product offerings, it will continue to focus on cost savings to reduce cash usage while focusing on developing and producing profitable products to align with evolving customer preferences and broader electric vehicle adoption trends that will allow the Company to continue to reduce operating losses and fund its operations through profitability.

On August 22, 2025, LiveWire entered into an At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement with Mizuho Securities USA LLC, as agent (the “Agent”), under which LiveWire may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, an aggregate gross sale price of up to $50.0 million of shares of its common stock through the Agent (the “ATM Program”), pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-289699), which was declared effective by the SEC on August 21, 2025. LiveWire filed a prospectus supplement with the SEC on August 22, 2025 in connection with the ATM Program.

Business Combination

On December 12, 2021, H-D entered into the Business Combination Agreement with ABIC, to effect the separation of its electric vehicle business. On September 16, 2022, the Business Combination was approved in an ABIC shareholder vote, and it closed on September 26, 2022.

The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization. Under this method of accounting, ABIC was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of LiveWire issuing stock for the net assets of ABIC, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of ABIC were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded resulting from the Business Combination. Operations prior to the Business Combination are those of Legacy LiveWire.

Upon closing of the Business Combination and PIPE Investments, the most significant change in the Company’s future reported financial position and results was an increase in cash due to net proceeds received of approximately $293.7 million, including a $100.0 million investment from the Legacy LiveWire Equityholder and a $100.0 million investment from certain members of the KYMCO Group, through a PIPE. Additionally, the increase in cash reflects the amount of cash released from ABIC’s trust account of $13.6 million (net of the SPAC share redemption amount) and the $100.0 million equity backstop (the “H-D Backstop Amount”) provided by H-D in exchange for 10,000,000 shares of Common Stock for a purchase price of $10.00 per share pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement.

2026 Outlook

For 2026, LiveWire's focus is on the launch of its two new 125 cc-equivalent mini-motors, the S4 HonchoTM products, continued network expansion, cost savings and improvements, product innovation and development focused on profitable products, and continued growth of the STACYC segment.

60

Basis of Presentation

Refer to Note 1, Description of Business and Basis of Presentation, in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the underlying basis used to prepare the consolidated financial statements.

Key Business Metrics

To analyze LiveWire’s business performance, determine financial forecasts and help develop long-term strategic plans, management reviews the following key business metrics, which are important measures that represent the growth of the business:

•Wholesale Motorcycle Unit Sales – LiveWire defines Wholesale Motorcycle Unit Sales as the number of electric motorcycles sold by LiveWire to independent dealers for which LiveWire recognized revenue during the period.    

•Company Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales – LiveWire defines Company Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales as the number of new electric motorcycles sold at retail by LiveWire through its Company-owned dealership, through online sales or direct to customers through select international partners for which LiveWire recognized revenue during the period.

•Independent Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales – LiveWire defines Independent Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales as the number of new electric motorcycles sold at retail by Independent Retail Partners. These unit sales do not generate revenues for LiveWire but generate revenues for individual retail partners. The data source for electric motorcycle retail sales figures is new sales warranty and registration information provided by Independent Retail Partners and compiled by LiveWire. LiveWire must rely on information that its Independent Retail Partners supply concerning new retail sales, and LiveWire does not regularly verify the information that its Independent Retail Partners supply. This information is subject to revision.

•Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales – LiveWire defines Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales as the sum of Company Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales and Independent Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales.

•Company-owned dealership – Dealership owned and operated by LiveWire to sell electric motorcycles, related products, and services.

•Independent Retail Partners (Electric Motorcycles) – Independent Retail Partners as used with Electric Motorcycles are dealers owned and operated by independent entities under contract with LiveWire to sell LiveWire electric motorcycles, related products and services.

•Electric Balance Bike and Electric Bike Unit Sales (STACYC) – LiveWire defines Electric Balance Bike and Electric Bike Unit Sales as the number of electric balance bikes and pedal assist electric bikes sold by LiveWire for which LiveWire recognized revenue during the period.

•Independent Retail Partners (STACYC) – Independent Retail Partners as used with STACYC are independent entities under contract with STACYC to sell electric balance bikes, electric bikes and related products and services.

61

The following table details the key business metric amounts for the periods indicated:

[[GREPCENT_TABLE]]
[["","Year Ended"],["","2025","","2024"],["Wholesale Motorcycle Unit Sales:"],["US","226","","","422"],["International (1)","363","","","89"],["Total Wholesale Motorcycle Unit Sales","589","","","511"],["Company Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales:"],["US","64","","","23"],["International (1)","\u2014","","","78"],["Total Company Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales","64","","","101"],["Total LiveWire Motorcycle Unit Sales","653","","","612"],["Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales:"],["Company Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales (2)","64","","","101"],["Independent Retail Partners (3)","780","","","391"],["Total Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales","844","","","492"],["Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales:"],["US","506","","","414"],["International","338","","","78"],["Total Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales","844","","","492"],["Electric Balance Bike and Electric Bike Unit Sales:"],["US","16,799","","","16,925"],["International","4,834","","","1,624"],["Total Electric Balance Bike and Electric Bike Unit Sales","21,633","","","18,549"]]
[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

(1) Effective November 5, 2024, the Company’s go-to-market strategy in Europe changed from selling direct to customers through international partners to selling at wholesale to independent dealers. International unit sales prior to November 5, 2024 are reflected as Company Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales, while international unit sales after November 5, 2024 are reflected as Wholesale Motorcycle Unit Sales.

(2) Data source for Company Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales figures shown above is LiveWire’s records.

(3) Data source for Independent Retail Motorcycle Unit Sales figures shown above is new sales warranty and registration information provided by retail partners and compiled by LiveWire. LiveWire must rely on information that its Independent Retail Partners supply concerning new retail sales, and LiveWire does not regularly verify the information that its Independent Retail Partners supply. This information is subject to revision.

62

The following table details the number of retail partners:

[Excerpt truncated for page length; the complete text is on the linked full-MD&A page.]

Read the full FY 2025 MD&A: /company/LVWR/mda/fy2025/
All MD&A years: /company/LVWR/mda/


## MD&A history

Prior-year 10-K MD&A spans are extracted from SEC filings with the same bounded parser used for the latest filing. Each year's full verbatim text is on its own sub-page.

- [FY 2024 MD&A](/company/LVWR/mda/fy2024/): filed 2025-02-21; accession 0001898795-25-000055 (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1898795/000189879525000055/lvwr-20241231.htm)
- [FY 2023 MD&A](/company/LVWR/mda/fy2023/): filed 2024-02-23; accession 0001898795-24-000066 (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1898795/000189879524000066/lvwr-20231231.htm)
- [FY 2022 MD&A](/company/LVWR/mda/fy2022/): filed 2023-03-06; accession 0001898795-23-000023 (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1898795/000189879523000023/lvwr-20221231.htm)




## Macro cross-references

Indicators mapped to this company's SIC classification (industry 3751 Motorcycles, Bicycles & Parts) by grepcent's deterministic macro-sector crosswalk. A navigational mapping, not a statistical or causal claim.

- [INDPRO](/indicator/INDPRO/): Industrial Production: Total Index
- [TCU](/indicator/TCU/): Capacity Utilization: Total Index
- [PPIACO](/indicator/PPIACO/): Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities
- [DGS10](/indicator/DGS10/): Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity

Macro-to-micro threads including this sector: [Inflation (CPI / PCE / PPI)](/thread/inflation-cpi-pce-ppi/), [US labor market](/thread/us-labor-market/), [Growth & output](/thread/growth-output/), [Money & trade](/thread/money-trade/), [Government finances](/thread/government-finances/), [Sector employment](/thread/sector-employment/), [Industrial orders & inventories](/thread/industrial-orders/), [Trade & external](/thread/trade-external/).

All macro indicators: /indicators/


## For LLMs & downloads

Markdown twin: /company/LVWR.md · JSON record: /company/LVWR.json · verified financials: /company/LVWR/financials.json / /company/LVWR/financials.csv · machine TOC for the whole site: /llms.txt