# NUSCALE POWER Corp (SMR) FY 2022 MD&A

Verbatim Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis from NUSCALE POWER Corp's 10-K for fiscal year 2022.

SEC filing source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1822966/000182296623000059/smr-20221231.htm
Accession: 0001822966-23-000059
Filing date: 2023-03-16
Report date: 2022-12-31
Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Published MD&A gate trimmed front/tail over-capture.
Confidence: high

Company profile: /company/SMR/
All MD&A years: /company/SMR/mda/
Previous year: /company/SMR/mda/fy2021/ (FY 2021)
Next year: /company/SMR/mda/fy2023/ (FY 2023)

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 together with related notes thereto. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties.

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Our actual results may differ materially from those projected in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this section to “NuScale,” “us,” “our” or “we” refer to NuScale Power, LLC (“NuScale LLC”) prior to the Transaction, and to NuScale Power Corporation (“NuScale Corp”) following the consummation of the Transaction.

Overview

Our mission is to provide scalable advanced nuclear technology to produce electricity, heat and clean water to improve the quality of life for people around the world. We are changing the power that changes the world by creating an energy source that is smarter, cleaner, safer and cost competitive.

Our small modular reactor (“SMR”), known as NuScale Power Module (“NPM”), provides a scalable power plant solution incorporating enhanced safety, improved affordability and extended flexibility for diverse electrical and process heat applications. Our scalable design provides carbon-free energy at a reduced cost when compared with gigawatt-sized nuclear facilities.

Since our founding in 2007, we have made significant progress towards commercializing the first SMR in the United States. In 2017, we submitted our Design Certification Application (“DCA”) to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (“NRC”). On August 28, 2020, the NRC issued its Final Safety Evaluation Report, representing the NRC’s completion of its technical review. On September 11, 2020 the NRC issued its Standard Design Approval (“SDA”) of our NPM and scalable plant design. With this phase of NuScale’s DCA now complete, customers may proceed with plans to develop NuScale power plants with the understanding that the NRC has approved the safety aspects of the NPM and plant design. We expect our operating losses and negative operating cash flow to grow until the commercialization of the NPM. On January 19, 2023, the NRC published in the Federal Register a final rule that certifies NuScale’s SMR design for use in the United States, which became effective 30 days after publication.

Merger Transaction

On December 13, 2021 we entered into the Agreement and Plan of Merger (as amended, modified, supplemented or waived, the “Merger Agreement”), between Spring Valley Acquisition Corp., NuScale LLC and Spring Valley Merger Sub, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Spring Valley (“Merger Sub”). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged into NuScale LLC (the “Merger”) with NuScale LLC surviving, Spring Valley Acquisition Corp was renamed NuScale Power Corporation, and NuScale LLC continued to be held as a wholly controlled subsidiary of NuScale Corp in an “Up-C” structure. On May 2, 2022, the transaction contemplated by the Merger Agreement, including the Merger (collectively the “Transaction”), was completed.

The Transaction was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization as provided under GAAP. NuScale Corp is the acquired company, with NuScale LLC treated as the acquirer. This determination reflects that Legacy NuScale Equityholders held a majority of the voting power of NuScale Corp, that NuScale LLC’s pre-merger operations were the majority post-merger operations of NuScale Corp, and that NuScale LLC’s management team retaining similar roles at NuScale Corp. Accordingly, although NuScale Corp is the legal parent company, GAAP dictates that the financial statements of NuScale Corp represent a continuation of NuScale LLC’s operations, with the Transaction being treated as though NuScale LLC issued ownership interests for NuScale Corp, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of NuScale LLC are stated at historical cost, with no incremental goodwill or other intangible assets recorded for the effects of the Merger with Spring Valley.

The following table provides the historical cost of the assets and liabilities assumed as a result of the Transaction:

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Key Factors Affecting Our Prospects and Future Results

We believe that our performance and future success depend on a number of factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges, including competition from carbon-based and other non-carbon-based energy generators, the risk of perceived safety issues and their consequences for our reputation and the other factors discussed under the section titled “Risk Factors.” We believe the factors described below are key to our success.

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Commencing and Expanding Commercial Launch Operations

In September 2020, we became the first and only company to receive NRC standard design approval for a small modular reactor. We believe our commercialization activities are being completed at a pace that can support delivery of NPMs to a client site as early as 2028. We have an agreement in place with UAMPS to deploy a NuScale 6-module power plant at the DOE’s Idaho National Laboratory as part of UAMPS’ Carbon Free Power Project (“CFPP” or “the Project”). Commercial operation of the first NPM is slated for 2029. In December 2022, we signed a contract for Front-End Engineering and Design (“FEED”) work with RoPower Nuclear S.A, owned by S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A. and Nova Power & Gas S.A., entities that operate under the authority of the Romanian Ministry of Energy, to advance the deployment of our NPMs to Romania. Under Phase 1 of the contract, we will define the major site and specific inputs for a VOYGR-6 SMR power plant to be deployed at the Doicesti Power Station site in Romania. We expect the site in Romania to use six modules and to be commercially operable as early as 2029.

We have over 120 potential target customers in addition to UAMPS and RoPower, as well as ten customers across seven countries that we consider highly interested customers who are considering an NPM power plant deployment in the late 2020s or early 2030s. We believe the long lead-time involved with siting an SMR, the number of customers in our pipeline and the work being performed by these potential customers involving a NuScale deployment project bode well for our potential future success. Further, in December 2022, we completed our Standard Plant Design (“SPD”), which provides potential customers with a generic VOYGR power plant design that will serve as a starting point for deploying site-specific designs, including supporting client licensing and deployment activities.

Regulatory Approvals

In December 2022, we applied to the NRC for an SDA for our latest power enhanced design that will be the heart of VOYGR-6 NuScale Plant. If approved, the licensed output of our NPM will be raised from 50 MWe to 77 MWe. A VOYGR-6 NuScale Plant referencing the SDA will be capable of generating 462 MWe (gross). Approval of the design, which could come in 2024, would increase the cost-competitiveness of our NPM, and we consider obtaining such approval a critical milestone.

Other factors that we believe are critical to our future success are country-level approvals of our NPM design. We also believe site-approvals by our customers to be key to facilitating broader adoption of our products and services. Obtaining these approvals before others is critical in maintaining our competitive advantage.

Successful Implementation of the First NPM Power Plant

A critical step in our success will be the successful construction and operation of the first power plant using our NPM. We expect that the first NPM for the UAMPS facility could be operational as early as 2029 with the remaining five modules achieving commercial operation in 2030.

Key Components of Results of Operations

We are an early-stage company and our historical results may not be indicative of our future results. Accordingly, the drivers of our future financial results, as well as the components of such results, may not be comparable to our historical or future results of operations.

Revenue

We have not generated any material revenue to date. All revenue that we have generated to date arises from engineering and licensing services provided to potential customers. As a result of those FEED services, we expect to generate a significant portion of our revenue from the sale of NPMs. We also expect to generate revenue by providing critical services, such as start-up and testing and nuclear fuel and refueling services, over the life cycle of each power plant.

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Expenses

Research and Development Expense

Our research and development (“R&D”) expenses consist primarily of internal and external expenses incurred in connection with our R&D activities. These expenses include labor directly performed on our projects and fees paid to third parties working on and testing specific aspects of our NPM design. R&D costs have been expensed as incurred.

General and Administrative Expenses

G&A expenses consist of compensation costs for personnel in executive, finance, accounting, human resources and other administrative functions. G&A expenses also include legal fees, professional fees paid for accounting, auditing, consulting services, insurance costs and facility costs.

Other Expense

Other operating expenses consist primarily of compensation costs (including indirect benefits and equity-based compensation expense) for operating personnel.

Department of Energy Cost Share

The DOE cost share amounts reflect our cost-sharing arrangement with the DOE. Generally, as our qualifying operating costs change, there is a corresponding change in the reimbursable amounts. The amount of any reimbursement is recognized in the period that we recognize the qualifying expenses.

Income Tax Effects

NuScale LLC was historically and remains a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes with each partner being separately taxed on its share of taxable income or loss. NuScale Corp is subject to U.S. federal income taxes, in addition to state and local income taxes, with respect to its distributive share of any net taxable income or loss and any related tax credits of NuScale LLC.

Results of Operations

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Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Changes in Presentation

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Prior year amounts totaling $1.5 million have been reclassified out of G&A expenses to other expenses to conform to the current year presentation on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Revenue

The increase in revenue was attributable to activities in support of the EPCDA for CFPP, as well as nuclear technologies consulting services.

R&D Expense

R&D expenses increased due to $25.9 million of professional fees associated with the standard plant design work and compensation costs of $3.8 million as a result of increased headcount as we continue to expand our licensing efforts.

G&A Expenses

G&A expenses increased as a result of $3.6 million in compensation costs due to an increase in headcount, $3.0 million in insurance costs, $3.4 million in equity-based compensation, higher software and hardware costs of $1.4 million and $5.7 million in marketing and advertising costs as we continue to build brand recognition across the globe.

Other Expense

Other expenses increased as a result of $6.3 million of higher compensation costs including a Transaction completion bonus, equity-based compensation of $2.4 million and higher travel expenses of $1.4 million.

Department of Energy cost share

While the cost share is similar to the prior year, it has decreased as a percentage of total expenses due to more self-funded work associated with CFPP and higher G&A and Other expenses.

Increase (decrease) in fair value of warrant liabilities

The price of the Warrants, which is used to calculate their fair value, has dropped by approximately 32% since the Transaction.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

R&D Expense

The decrease in R&D personnel costs was driven by the fact that the NRC’s review of the NPM design application concluded in late 2020.

G&A Expenses

The increase in 2021 G&A expenses was primarily due to an increase in compensation and benefits of $4.5 million, a contract settlement fee with a former advisor of $3.3 million and $2.2 million related to higher advertising costs, partially offset by lower equity-based compensation of $0.5 million.

Other Operating Expense

Other operating expenses increased year over year as a result of higher compensation costs of $6.2 million, equity-based compensation of $3.2 million and $0.5 million in various other expenses, partially offset by lower professional fees of $1.0 million.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

We measure liquidity in terms of our ability to fund the cash requirements of our R&D activities and our near-term business operations, including our contractual obligations and other commitments. Our current liquidity needs primarily involve R&D activities for the ongoing development of the NPM and associated plant design.

We had $217.7 million in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2022, compared to $77.1 million as of December 31, 2021, as well as $50.0 million in short-term investments that will mature in the first quarter of 2023. We had no debt as of December 31, 2022, compared to $14.0 million as of December 31, 2021, (which was converted into equity in conjunction with the Transaction). The Transaction resulted in NuScale receiving net cash in the amount of $341.5 million, consisting of $235.0 million in PIPE funding and $145.5 million in cash in trust, partially offset by transaction costs of $39.1 million.

Since NuScale’s inception, we have incurred significant operating losses; we have had negative operating cash flow during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021; and we have an accumulated deficit of $182.1 million as of December 31, 2022. Management expects that operating losses and negative cash flows may increase because of additional costs and expenses related to the development of technology and the development of market and strategic relationships with other companies.

To date, we have not generated any material revenue. We do not expect to generate any meaningful revenue unless and until we are able to commercialize our NPM and related services. We expect our costs to increase in connection with the advancement of our products and services toward commercialization. In addition, with the completion of the Transaction, we expect to incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company. While we believe that the proceeds of the Transaction will be sufficient to reach commercialization of our NPM, certain costs are not reasonably estimable at this time, and we may require additional funding and our projections anticipate certain customer-sourced income that is not assured and DOE funds that are granted under the cooperative agreement secured by the Company are subject to Congressional appropriations.

We believe that based on our current level of operating expenses and currently available cash resources, we will have sufficient funds available to cover R&D activities and operating cash needs for the next twelve months. However, considering that we have not yet completed the development of a commercial product and have no meaningful revenue to date, we may require additional funds in future years. Our ability to raise funds through equity offerings may be limited by the significant number of shares that may be publicly sold, including the shares registered for resale under the registration statement on Form S-1 that was declared effective by the SEC on June 30, 2022. Such sales may negatively affect the market price of our shares of Class A common stock. In particular, a large sale by Fluor, our majority shareholder, could significantly affect our stock price. We believe the likelihood that Warrant holders will exercise their Warrants, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds that we would receive from such exercises, depends on the trading price of our shares of Class A common stock, which from time to time, has exceeded the $11.50 Warrant exercise price, before the Warrants expire. In certain circumstances, the Warrants can be exercised on a cashless basis. Our ability to fund R&D activities and our operating cash needs for multiple years does not depend on the proceeds we may receive as the result of exercises of Warrants.

Comparison of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents for the periods presented below:

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Cash Flows used in Operating Activities

Net cash used in our operating activities increased during 2022 due to a larger net loss, an increase in commercial work (which resulted in growth in receivables) and a larger prepaid asset associated with the D&O insurance required as a newly public company. In addition, the growth in payables and accruals slowed in 2022 due to less DOE cost-share work in the fourth quarter of the 2022 fiscal year. These changes were partially offset by the utilization of previously deferred DOE cost share during 2021.

Cash Flows used in Investing Activities

Investing cash flows generally reflect capital expenditures on computer equipment and software. However, in 2022, we invested $50.0 million in short-term investments.

Cash Flows provided by Financing Activities

During 2022, the majority of the net cash provided by financing activities consisted of proceeds from the Transaction, with another $28.7 million received for the exercise of warrants and options. For the year ended December 31, 2021, our financing cash flows consisted of $192.5 million for the sale of convertible preferred units offset by the repayment of $20.0 million of debt to Fluor.

Comparison of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Cash Flows used in Operating Activities

Net cash used in our operating activities increased during 2021 due to a larger net loss, the utilization of $13 million of previously deferred DOE cost share and $20 million change in accounts receivable primarily related to a large $18 million DOE collection in 2020, partially offset by higher accruals associated with compensation and professional fees.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

In 2021, net cash provided by financing activities consisted of the sale of $192.5 million in convertible preferred units, partially offset by the repayment of $20 million in debt to Fluor.

In 2020, net cash provided by financing activities consisted of proceeds from the incurrence of debt of $20 million in the form of a note payable to Fluor and proceeds from the sale of convertible preferred units of $18.5 million.

Commitments and Contractual Obligations

We do not have any material commitments and contractual obligations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In conjunction with DOE Office of Nuclear Energy Award DE-NE0008935 with Utah Associated Municipal Power Systems’ (“UAMPS”) wholly owned subsidiary, Carbon Free Power Project, LLC (“CFPP LLC”), we entered into a Development Cost Reimbursement Agreement (“DCRA”), pursuant to which we are developing the NRC license application and performing other site licensing and development activities. Under the DCRA, we may be obligated to refund to UAMPS a percentage of its net development costs up to a specified cap, which varies based on the stage of project development, if certain performance criteria are not met. As of March 7, 2023, when we entered into Amendment 3 of the DCRA and the Long Lead Material Reimbursement Agreement with CFPP LLC, the maximum reimbursement based on the current stage of project development is $81.0 million. As of December 31, 2022 the net development costs incurred by UAMPS totaled $17.8 million.

Under this agreement, the Company is required to have credit support to fund the amount of its potential reimbursement of these net development costs. This letter of credit is updated quarterly based on an agreed upon forecasted estimate of net development costs. A stipulation of attaining the letter of credit requires the Company segregate funds from the operating bank accounts as collateral for said letter of credit. This account is identified as restricted cash in the amount of $26.5 million, on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet and acts as collateral for the $26.0 million letter of credit outstanding at December 31, 2022.

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In December 2022, NuScale and Fluor provided CFPP LLC with a Class 3 Project Cost Estimate (“PCE”). As provided for in the DCRA (as amended), NuScale ran an economic competitiveness test (“ECT”) comparing the PCE with a price target of $58.00/MWh for a target COD of the Project. The PCE exceeded the price target, meaning there was an ECT failure. As a result of the ECT failure UAMPS Members participating in the CFPP (“Project Participants”) were given the opportunity to exit the Project. CFPP LLC had until March 1, 2023 (unless extended by mutual agreement), to deliver notice that it intended to terminate its participation in the Project. If CFPP LLC had issued notice that it intended to terminate its participation in the Project by March 1, 2023, the Company would have been liable to pay CFPP LLC approximately $17.8 million and would have had the option to take over the Project assets and continue to develop CFPP. However, on March 1, 2023, UAMPS notified NuScale that sufficient Project Participants have opted to continue with CFPP development notwithstanding the ECT failure. The next ECT is scheduled to be run in conjunction with the submission of the Class 2 PCE. For information regarding the consequences of an ECT failure, see Commercialization Risk Factors associated with the Company’s obligations to UAMPS.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Preparation of the financial statements requires our management to make a number of judgments, estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amount of expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We consider an accounting judgment, estimate or assumption to be critical when (1) the estimate or assumption is complex in nature or requires a high degree of judgment and (2) the use of different judgments, estimates and assumptions could have a material impact on our financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 3 within our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”. Additional information about our critical accounting policies follows:

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable includes reimbursement requests outstanding from the DOE awards and are recognized as eligible costs are incurred. Such treatment creates symmetry with our incurrence of qualifying costs. In addition, we have commercial receivables associated with other federal projects that are billed as earned. We do assess the probability of collection from the DOE and our commercial customers in establishing the fair value of recorded amounts.

Revenue Recognition

In addition to advancing the commercialization of our SMR, we provide engineering services to customers.

We recognize fixed price contract revenue with multiple performance obligations as each obligation is completed. We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation using an estimate of the stand-alone selling price of each distinct service in the contract. Revenue recognized on contracts that has not been billed to customers is classified as a current asset under accounts and other receivables on the consolidated balance sheet. Amounts billed to clients in excess of revenue recognized are classified as a current liability under deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheet.

We recognize time and material contract revenue as incurred, while our cost plus fixed-fee contract revenue is recognized over time, matching continuous transfer of control to the customer. The Company accounts for these contracts as a single performance obligation and recognizes revenue using the percentage-of-completion (“POC”) method, based primarily on contract cost incurred to date compared to total estimated contract cost. The percentage-of-completion method (an input method) is the most faithful depiction of the Company’s performance because it directly measures the value of the services transferred to the customer. Changes to total estimated contract cost or losses, if any, are recognized in the period in which they are determined as assessed at the contract level. Pre-contract costs are expensed as incurred unless they are expected to be recovered from the client.

Revenue recognition and profit is dependent upon a number of factors, including the accuracy of a variety of estimates made at the balance sheet date, such as engineering progress, material quantities, the achievement of milestones, penalty provisions, labor productivity and cost estimates. Variable consideration is included in the estimate of transaction price only to the extent that a significant reversal would not be probable. We continuously monitor factors that may affect the quality of our estimates, and material changes in estimates are disclosed accordingly.

We exclude all taxes assessed by governmental authorities from our measurement of transaction prices that are both

(i) imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and (ii) collected from customers. Accordingly, such tax amounts are not included as a component of revenue or cost of sales.

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We generally provide limited warranties for work performed under our engineering contracts. The warranty periods typically extend for a limited duration following substantial completion of our work.

Because our SMR is designed to be sold on a modular basis, we are limited under GAAP in our ability to recognize revenue on a POC basis. Other companies with a less-standardized approach might be able to use POC, which would have the effect of accelerating their recognition of profit ahead of us, given our use of completed contract accounting.

Equity-Based Compensation

Equity-based compensation is measured using a fair value-based method for all equity-based awards. The cost of awarded equity instruments is recognized based on each instrument’s grant-date fair value over the period during which the grantee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. The determination of fair value requires significant judgment and the use of estimates, particularly with regard to Black-Scholes assumptions such as stock price volatility and expected option lives to value equity-based compensation. Equity-based compensation is recorded as a G&A expense and other expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

We measure the fair value of each option grant at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. In this model we use the treasury yield curve rates for the risk-free interest rate for a period equal to the expected option life and the simplified method to calculate the expected option life (options qualified as ‘plain vanilla’ under the provisions of SAB 107). Volatility is determined by reference to the actual volatility of several publicly traded companies that are similar to NuScale in its industry sector. The Company does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future and therefore uses an expected dividend yield of zero in the option valuation model. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur. All equity-based payment awards are amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards.

There is substantial judgment in selecting the assumptions which we use to determine the fair value of such equity awards and other companies could use similar market inputs and experience and arrive at different conclusions with respect to those used to calculate fair value. Using alternative assumptions could cause there to be differences in the resulting fair value. If the fair value were to increase, the amount of expense that would result would also increase. Conversely, if the fair value were to decrease, the amount of expense would decrease.

Emerging Growth Company Accounting Election

Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts EGCs from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect not to take advantage of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-EGCs, and any such election to not take advantage of the extended transition period is irrevocable. We expect to be an EGC at least through the end of 2023 and will have the benefit of the extended transition period. We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 3 in the Consolidated Financial Statements for a summary of recently adopted and recently issued accounting standards and their related effects or anticipated effects on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
