# Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. (SSD) Informational only - not investment advice. CIK: 0000920371 SIC: 3420 Cutlery, Handtools & General Hardware SIC breadcrumb: [Manufacturing](/division/D/) > [SIC Major Group 34](/major-group/34/) > [SIC 3420 Cutlery, Handtools & General Hardware](/industry/3420/) Latest 10-K filed: 2026-02-27 SEC page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=920371 Filing source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/920371/000162828026012920/ssd-20251231.htm ## At a glance FY2025 · period end 2025-12-31 · filed 2026-02-27 · accession 0001628280-26-012920 · source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000920371.json | Metric | Value | FY | Provenance | | --- | ---: | ---: | --- | | Revenue | 2,332,808,000 USD | 2025 | verified | | Net income | 345,083,000 USD | 2025 | verified | | Assets | 3,073,626,000 USD | 2025 | verified | | Free cash flow | 297,615,000 USD | 2025 | computed | | Net margin | 14.79% | 2025 | computed | | Operating margin | 19.64% | 2025 | computed | | Revenue YoY | +4.51% | 2025 | computed | | ROE | 17.00% | 2025 | computed | Computed values are grepcent-computed from the verified facts above and may differ from ratios the company itself reports. Free cash flow = operating cash flow − capital expenditures. Net margin = net income ÷ revenue. Operating margin = operating income ÷ revenue. Revenue YoY = FY2025 revenue ÷ FY2024 revenue − 1 (consecutive fiscal years only). ROE = net income ÷ period-end stockholders' equity. No market price, no rating, no forecast on this site. Not investment advice. ### Peer percentile fingerprint | Ratio | SSD | Peer median | Percentile | N | | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Net margin | 14.8% | 6.1% | 82 | 35 | | Operating margin | 19.6% | 9.3% | 94 | 32 | | Revenue growth | 4.5% | 4.5% | 51 | 36 | | FCF margin | 12.8% | 10.7% | 74 | 35 | | ROE | 17.0% | 11.6% | 68 | 35 | | ROA | 11.2% | 4.4% | 77 | 36 | | Liabilities / equity | 0.51 | 0.89 | 32 | 35 | | Current ratio | 3.54 | 2.59 | 71 | 36 | Percentile = share of the N covered peers reporting that ratio whose value is lower (ties counted half); computed among grepcent-covered companies in SIC major-group 34 SIC Major Group 34, not the whole market. A higher percentile means a higher value of the ratio, not a better company. Ratios with fewer than 8 reporting peers are omitted. Latest reported values per company; fiscal periods may differ. Descriptive arithmetic - not a score, rating, or ranking. ## Selected Fundamentals | Metric | Value | Unit | FY | Filed | | --- | ---: | --- | ---: | --- | | Revenue | 2332808000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-27 | | Net income | 345083000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-27 | | Assets | 3073626000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-27 | ## Financials Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-02-27. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000920371.json. Derived margins, ratios, and free cash flow are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts. | Metric | 2011 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Revenue | | 860,661,000 | 977,025,000 | 1,078,809,000 | 1,136,539,000 | 1,267,945,000 | 1,573,217,000 | 2,116,087,000 | 2,213,803,000 | 2,232,139,000 | 2,332,808,000 | | Net income | | 89,734,000 | 92,617,000 | 126,633,000 | 133,982,000 | 187,000,000 | 266,447,000 | 333,995,000 | 353,987,000 | 322,224,000 | 345,083,000 | | Operating income | | 141,210,000 | 138,273,000 | 172,625,000 | 181,254,000 | 252,363,000 | 367,793,000 | 459,067,000 | 475,149,000 | 429,975,000 | 458,065,000 | | Gross profit | | 409,880,000 | 443,381,000 | 480,287,000 | 492,130,000 | 576,384,000 | 755,030,000 | 941,293,000 | 1,041,600,000 | 1,023,888,000 | 1,069,605,000 | | Diluted EPS | | 1.86 | 1.94 | 2.72 | 2.98 | 4.27 | 6.12 | 7.76 | 8.26 | 7.60 | 8.24 | | Operating cash flow | 35,087,000 | | 119,065,000 | 160,080,000 | 205,662,000 | 207,572,000 | 151,295,000 | 399,821,000 | 427,022,000 | 338,160,000 | 458,659,000 | | Capital expenditures | | 42,002,000 | 58,041,000 | 29,310,000 | 32,699,000 | 32,579,000 | 43,738,000 | 62,362,000 | 88,824,000 | 180,357,000 | 161,044,000 | | Dividends paid | | 32,711,000 | 36,981,000 | 39,891,000 | 40,197,000 | 40,400,000 | 41,619,000 | 43,895,000 | 45,201,000 | 46,500,000 | 47,580,000 | | Share buybacks | | 53,502,000 | 70,000,000 | 110,540,000 | 60,816,000 | 76,189,000 | 24,125,000 | 78,622,000 | 50,000,000 | 100,000,000 | 119,999,000 | | Assets | | 979,974,000 | 1,037,523,000 | 1,021,663,000 | 1,095,366,000 | 1,232,569,000 | 1,484,125,000 | 2,503,971,000 | 2,704,724,000 | 2,736,168,000 | 3,073,626,000 | | Liabilities | | 114,132,000 | 152,745,000 | 166,149,000 | 203,409,000 | 251,626,000 | 300,127,000 | 1,090,592,000 | 1,024,978,000 | 923,034,000 | 1,038,149,000 | | Stockholders' equity | | 865,842,000 | 884,778,000 | 855,514,000 | 891,957,000 | 980,943,000 | 1,183,998,000 | 1,413,379,000 | 1,679,746,000 | 1,805,348,000 | 2,029,762,000 | | Cash and cash equivalents | | 226,537,000 | 168,514,000 | 160,180,000 | 230,210,000 | 274,639,000 | 301,155,000 | 300,742,000 | 429,822,000 | 239,371,000 | 384,138,000 | | Free cash flow | | | 61,024,000 | 130,770,000 | 172,963,000 | 174,993,000 | 107,557,000 | 337,459,000 | 338,198,000 | 157,803,000 | 297,615,000 | ### Ratios ROE and ROA use period-end equity/assets. Liabilities / equity uses total liabilities divided by stockholders' equity. Current ratio uses current assets divided by current liabilities when both are reported. | Metric | 2011 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Net margin | | 10.43% | 9.48% | 11.74% | 11.79% | 14.75% | 16.94% | 15.78% | 15.99% | 14.44% | 14.79% | | Operating margin | | 16.41% | 14.15% | 16.00% | 15.95% | 19.90% | 23.38% | 21.69% | 21.46% | 19.26% | 19.64% | | Return on equity | | 10.36% | 10.47% | 14.80% | 15.02% | 19.06% | 22.50% | 23.63% | 21.07% | 17.85% | 17.00% | | Return on assets | | 9.16% | 8.93% | 12.39% | 12.23% | 15.17% | 17.95% | 13.34% | 13.09% | 11.78% | 11.23% | | Liabilities / equity | | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.77 | 0.61 | 0.51 | 0.51 | | Current ratio | | 5.38 | 4.28 | 3.96 | 4.03 | 3.88 | 4.08 | 3.38 | 3.63 | 3.21 | 3.54 | ## As-reported value updates 2 tracked differences above grepcent's stated thresholds were found between the earliest XBRL-filed value and the value currently on file for the same fiscal period. Ledger: /company/SSD/revisions/ ## Quarterly Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-08-06. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000920371.json. Flow metrics use discrete quarter-length periods from 10-Q/10-Q/A filings. Q4 revenue and net income are derived only when annual FY and nine-month YTD facts exist for the same fiscal year; derived Q4 values are labeled. EPS Q4 is not derived. | Quarter | End date | Revenue | Net income | Diluted EPS | Method | | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | | 2022-Q3 | 2022-09-30 | | | 2.06 | reported discrete quarter | | 2023-Q1 | 2023-03-31 | | | 2.05 | reported discrete quarter | | 2023-Q2 | 2023-06-30 | | | 2.50 | reported discrete quarter | | 2023-Q3 | 2023-09-30 | 580,084,000 | 104,021,000 | 2.43 | reported discrete quarter | | 2023-Q4 | 2023-12-31 | 501,710,000 | 54,802,000 | | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | | 2024-Q1 | 2024-03-31 | 530,579,000 | 75,430,000 | 1.77 | reported discrete quarter | | 2024-Q2 | 2024-06-30 | 596,978,000 | 97,831,000 | 2.31 | reported discrete quarter | | 2024-Q3 | 2024-09-30 | 587,153,000 | 93,519,000 | 2.21 | reported discrete quarter | | 2024-Q4 | 2024-12-31 | 517,429,000 | 55,446,000 | | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | | 2025-Q1 | 2025-03-31 | 538,895,000 | 77,884,000 | 1.85 | reported discrete quarter | | 2025-Q2 | 2025-06-30 | 631,055,000 | 103,541,000 | 2.47 | reported discrete quarter | | 2025-Q3 | 2025-09-30 | 623,513,000 | 107,444,000 | 2.58 | reported discrete quarter | | 2025-Q4 | 2025-12-31 | 539,345,000 | 56,214,000 | | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | | 2026-Q1 | 2026-03-31 | 587,964,000 | 88,216,000 | 2.13 | reported discrete quarter | | 2026-Q2 | 2026-06-30 | 671,076,000 | 127,042,000 | 3.09 | reported discrete quarter | ## Filed narrative (10-K & 10-Q) ## Business Verbatim Item 1 Business section from SSD's latest 10-K: [/company/SSD/business/](/company/SSD/business/). ## Risk Factors Verbatim Item 1A Risk Factors from SSD's latest 10-K: [/company/SSD/risk-factors/](/company/SSD/risk-factors/). ## Latest quarter (10-Q) Latest 10-Q source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/920371/000162828026054396/ssd-20260630.htm Extracted structurally from real Item 2 body heading to real Item 3/4 boundary. Confidence: high Filing date: 2026-08-06 Report date: 2026-06-30 Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Each of the terms the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and similar terms used herein refer collectively to Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc., unless otherwise stated. The Company regularly uses its website to post information regarding its business and governance. The Company encourages investors to use http://www.simpsonmfg.com as a source of information about the Company. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report or other material we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), except as explicitly noted or as required by law. The following discussion and analysis provides information which management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in this report. “Strong-Tie” and our other trademarks appearing in this report are our property. This report contains additional trade names and trademarks of other companies. We do not intend our use or display of other companies' trade names or trademarks to imply endorsement or sponsorship of us by such companies, or any relationship with any of these companies. CAUTIONARY NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements concerning our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, strategies, and future events or performance. Such statements are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “target,” “continue,” “predict,” “project,” “change,” “result,” “future,” “will,” “could,” “can,” “may,” “likely,” “potentially,” or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are all statements other than those of historical fact and include, but are not limited to, statements about future financial and operating results, our plans, objectives, business outlook, priorities, expectations and intentions, expectations for sales and market growth, comparable sales, earnings and performance, stockholder value, effective tax rates, capital expenditures, cash flows, the housing market, the home improvement industry, demand for services, share repurchases, our strategic initiatives, including the impact of these initiatives on our strategic and operational plans and financial results, and any statement of an assumption underlying any of the foregoing. Forward-looking statements are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and other factors that are difficult to predict and could cause our actual results to vary in material respects from what we have expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by our forward-looking statements include the cyclicality and impact of general economic conditions; the effect of tariffs and international trade policies on our business operations; the effects of inflation and labor and supply shortages on our operations and the operations of our customers, suppliers and business partners; volatile supply and demand conditions affecting prices and volumes in the markets for both our products and raw materials we purchase; the impact of foreign currency fluctuations; our ability to repurchase shares of our common stock and the amounts and timing of repurchases, if any; and those factors discussed under Item 1A. Risk Factors and Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other reports we file with the SEC. We caution that you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by law. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and in our other reports filed with the SEC that advise of the risks and factors that may affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Overview We design, manufacture, and sell building construction products that are of high quality and performance, easy to use, and cost-effective for customers. We operate in three business segments determined by geographic region: North America, Europe, and Asia/Pacific. Within the North America segment, our sales efforts are dedicated to serving customers across the following end-use markets: •Residential; 26 •Commercial; •Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEM”); •National Retail; and •Component Manufacturers Our organic growth opportunities are focused on expanding product lines with our current customers while also identifying new market share gain opportunities within our core product and market competencies. To grow in these markets, we aspire to be among the leaders in engineered load-rated construction building products and systems as well as digital product offerings. We intend to leverage our engineering expertise, deep-rooted relationships with top builders, engineers, contractors, code officials and distributors, along with our ongoing commitment to testing, research and innovation. Importantly, we have existing products, testing results, distribution and manufacturing capabilities to support our ambitions. Achieving this growth will depend on expanding our sales and marketing efforts to promote our products across end users and distribution channels, broadening our customer base, and introducing new products over time. Our commitment to continuous improvement has fostered our core Company ambitions, which we will pursue including: •Strengthen our values-based culture; •Be the business partner of choice; •Strive to be an innovative leader in the markets we operate; •Drive above market volume growth relative to U.S. housing starts; •Maintain an operating income margin at or above 20%; and •Deliver earnings per share growth ahead of net revenue growth. Since announced in 2021, we have made great progress on our key growth initiatives. Examples include: •Added approximately $1.0 billion in revenue, with sales growing $100.7 million or 4.5% from fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2025, and $200.0 million in operating profit. •Earnings per share grew $0.64 per share to $8.24 per share of 8.4% from fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2025 exceeding sales growth over the sale fiscal periods. •Realigned our sales team by end market, significantly reduced two-step distribution, and made significant investments in our field sales and engineering teams. •Made significant footprint investments in both production and warehouses. Our new Gallatin, Tennessee facility enables us to onshore additional fastener and anchor production, and the operation will in-source key manufacturing processes such as heat treating and coating of fasteners. Additional warehouse capabilities will also enhance next day delivery for our North American customers. •Invested significantly in digital solutions, combined with the other initiatives strengthened our business model, which drove hardware sales, created value for our customers and made us a partner of choice. •Expanded our equipment product line which helped drive increase sales in the component manufacturing market space. •Streamlined internal processes and focused development efforts on high-impact new products. •Promoted high-potential talent and external experts to senior leadership. As a result, we continue to make significant gains in both fasteners and anchors as well as realizing high single digit growth in the component manufacturing and OEM market. In addition, driven by our high service levels, increasingly diverse portfolio of products and software and commitment to innovation and delivering complete solutions to the markets we serve, we believe we can continue to achieve above market growth in the North America relative to U.S. housing starts in fiscal year 2026 and beyond. These actions reflect our Founder, Barclay Simpson’s, nine principles of doing business, particularly our relentless focus and commitment to customers and users. Tariff and trade policy actions have impacted our results of operations and are expected to continue to do so. We also experienced increased foreign currency exchange rate volatility, which we attribute, in part, to the rapidly changing global trade environment. We increased prices in the U.S. effective June 2, 2025 on certain wood connectors, fasteners and mechanical anchors, and again effective October 15, 2025 on certain fasteners and mechanical anchors, in response to tariffs. As a result, North America net sales increased in recent quarters even as demand did not increase. However, increased selling prices were offset by higher non-material costs including labor, energy, transportation, and building and equipment depreciation (from recent footprint 27 investments, as noted above) incurred over the three years and potentially by future costs increases. In addition, the price increases are expected to partially offset increased costs related to the tariffs affecting a portion of our fastener and anchors sales, but do not offset tariffs announced after December 31, 2025. We also increased prices in Europe effective the second half of 2025 and during the first quarter of 2026, which have increased recent net sales. We believe Europe net sales could increase in future quarters even if demand does not increase. Similarly to North America, the price increases are expected to offset high costs incurred over recent years. Due to a declining housing starts market, we undertook proactive strategic cost savings initiatives during fiscal year 2025 to align our operations with evolving market demand to position the Company for long-term success. These actions included workforce reduction and portfolio management. As a result, we expect these initiatives will generate at least $30.0 million in annualized cost savings with approximately $20.0 million in reduced operating expense. Non-GAAP Financial Measures In addition to financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP, we use Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure in evaluating our ongoing operating performance. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss), adjusted to exclude provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, acquisition integration and restructuring costs, non-qualified deferred compensation adjustments, lease termination costs, severance costs related to cost saving initiatives, net loss or gain on disposal of assets, interest income or expense and other financing costs, and foreign exchange and other expense (income). This provides additional insight into the Company’s operating performance in light of the significant levels of growth investment we have made in our operations, the effect depreciation and acquisition as well as integration costs will have on our operating results. We believe this will also provide a better approximation of our cash flows compared to operating income. Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations Our busine [Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.] ## Latest 10-K MD&A (excerpt) Latest 10-K Item 7 source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/920371/000162828026012920/ssd-20251231.htm Complete FY 2025 MD&A: /company/SSD/mda/fy2025/ Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high Filing date: 2026-02-27 Report date: 2025-12-31 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Each of the terms the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and similar terms used herein refer collectively to Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc., unless otherwise stated. The Company regularly uses its website to post information regarding its business and governance. The Company encourages investors to use http://www.simpsonmfg.com as a source of information about the Company. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report or other material we file with or furnish to the SEC, except as explicitly noted or as required by law. The following discussion and analysis provide information which management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in this report. “Strong-Tie” and our other trademarks appearing in this report are our property. This report contains additional trade names and trademarks of other companies. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names or trademarks to imply an endorsement or sponsorship of us by such companies, or any relationship with any of these companies. Overview We design, manufacture and sell building construction products that are of high quality and performance, easy to use and cost-effective for customers. We operate in three business segments determined by geographic region: North America, Europe and 1 Average price paid per share of common shares repurchased excludes excise tax. As of January 1, 2024, the Company's share repurchases are subjected to a 1.0% excise tax enacted by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. The amount of excise tax incurred is included in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity for the year ended December 31, 2025. 2 Pursuant to the $120.0 million repurchase authorization from the Board of Directors on October 23, 2025 which expired on December 31, 2025. See “Note 5 — Stockholder's Equity”. 29 Asia/Pacific. Within the North America segment, our sales efforts are dedicated to serving customers across the following end-use markets: •Residential; •Commercial; •Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEM”); •National Retail; and •Component Manufacturers Our organic growth opportunities are focused on expanding product lines with our current customers while also identifying new market share gain opportunities within our core product and market competencies. To grow in these markets, we aspire to be among the leaders in engineered load-rated construction building products and systems, as well as digital product offerings. We intend to leverage our engineering expertise, deep-rooted relationships with top builders, engineers, contractors, code officials and distributors, and our ongoing commitment to testing, research and innovation. Importantly, we have existing products, testing results, distribution and manufacturing capabilities to support our ambitions. Achieving this growth will depend on expanding our sales and marketing efforts to promote our products across end users and distribution channels, broadening our customer base, and introducing new products over time. Our commitment to continuous improvement has fostered our core Company ambitions, which we will pursue including: •Strengthen our values-based culture; •Be the business partner of choice; •Strive to be an innovative leader in the markets we operate; •Drive above market volume growth relative to U.S. housing starts; •Maintain an operating income margin at or above 20%; and •Deliver earnings per share growth ahead of net revenue growth. Since announced in 2021, we have made great progress on our key growth initiatives. Examples include: •Added approximately $1.0 billion in revenue, with sales growing $100.7 million or 4.5%. from fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2025, and $200.0 million in operating profit. •Earnings per share grew $0.64 per share to $8.24 per share or 8.4% from fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2025 exceeding sales growth over the same fiscal periods. •Realigned our sales team by end market, significantly reduced two-step distribution, and made significant investments in our field sales and engineering teams. •Made significant footprint investments in both production and warehouses. Our investment in our new Gallatin Tennessee facility enables us to onshore additional fastener and anchor production, and the operation will in-source key manufacturing processes such as heat treating and coating of fasteners. Additional warehouse capabilities will also enhance next day delivery for our North American customers. •Invested significantly in digital solutions, combined with the other initiatives strengthened our business model, which drove hardware sales, created value for our customers and made us a partner of choice. •Expanded our equipment product line which helped drive increase sales in the component manufacturing market space. •Streamlined internal processes and focused development efforts on high-impact new products. •Promoted high-potential talent and external experts to senior leadership. As a result, we have further strengthened our market position in connectors with significant gains in both fasteners and anchors. In addition, driven by our high service levels, increasingly diverse portfolio of products and software and commitment to innovation and delivering complete solutions to the markets we serve, we believe we can continue to achieve above market growth in the North America relative to U.S. housing starts in fiscal 2025 and beyond. These actions reflect our Founder, Barclay Simpson’s, nine principles of doing business, particularly our relentless focus and commitment to customers and users. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, tariff and trade policy actions have impacted our results of operations and are expected to continue to do so. We also experienced increased foreign currency exchange rate volatility, which we attribute, in part, to the rapidly changing global trade environment. We increased prices in the U.S. effective June 2, 2025 on certain wood connectors, fasteners and mechanical anchors, and again effective October 15, 2025 on certain fasteners and mechanical anchors. We believe North America net sales could increase in future periods even if demand does not increase. However, increased selling prices are expected to be offset by higher non-material costs including labor, energy, transportation, and equipment incurred over the prior three years and potentially by 30 future costs increases. In addition, the price increases are expected to partially offset increased costs related to tariffs affecting a portion of our fastener and anchors sales, but do not offset tariffs announced after December 31, 2025. Non-GAAP Financial Measures In addition to financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP, we use Adjusted EBITDA as a non-GAAP financial measure in evaluating the ongoing operating performance of our business. We define adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) before income taxes, adjusted to exclude depreciation and amortization, integration, acquisition and restructuring costs, non-qualified deferred compensation adjustments, goodwill impairment, gain on bargain purchase, lease termination costs, severance costs related to cost saving initiatives, net loss or gain on disposal of assets, interest income or expense, and foreign exchange and other expense (income). This provides additional insight into the Company’s operating performance in light of the significant levels of growth investment we have made in our operations, the effect depreciation and acquisition as well as integration costs will have on our operating results. We believe this will also provide a better approximation of our cash flows compared to operating income. Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations Our business, financial condition, and results of operations depend in large part on the level of U.S. housing starts and residential construction activity. Overall U.S. housing starts have been decreasing year over year since 2021. Based on preliminary calendar year 2025 housing starts reporting, the year over year decrease in our sales volumes closely tracked with the decrease in total housing starts over the same period. Lower housing starts in the U.S. could result in lower demand, which would affect our sales and possibly operating profit. Unlike lumber or other products that have a more direct correlation to U.S. housing starts, our products are used to a greater extent in areas that are subject to natural forces, such as seismic or wind events. Our products are generally used in a sequential progression that follows the construction process. Residential and commercial construction begins with the foundation, followed by the wall and the roof systems, and then the installation of our products, which flow into a project or a house according to these schedules. We are closely monitoring the recent tariff and trade policy actions taken by the U.S. and foreign governments. As the situation continues to remain fluid due to the rapidly changing global trade environment, we are still evaluating the potential implications of these actions in our business. While we are largely domestically sourced, we continue to monitor macroeconomic trends such as the impact of interest rates, changing foreign exchange rates, inflation, the effects of recently implemented tariffs, and the potential imposition of modified or additional tariffs in markets where we and our supplier operate. As a result of the tariffs announced by the U.S. presidential administration on April 2, 2025, and June 15, 2025, and potential tariff modifications or the imposition of tariffs or export controls by other countries, there is significant economic uncertainty. The extent and duration of tariffs and the resulting impact on macroeconomic conditions and on our business are uncertain and may depend on various factors beyond our control. We are closely monitoring the potential for the imposition of new or additional U.S. tariffs on imports, as well as potential retaliatory tariffs or other measures other countries may impose on U.S. imports, which may adversely affect the global economy. We are currently uncertain as to the ultimate impact these measures may have given the rapidly changing environment surrounding tariffs and other related political topics; however, if enacted as currently proposed, we expect that the proposed tariffs would primarily impact our North America segment as we procure fasteners and a small number of other products from countries that will be subjected to the these tariffs. Additionally, economic pressures on our customers, including the potential for higher inflation, fluctuations in foreign currencies and consumer confidence, driven by economic concerns or price increases, such as those we previously announced, could reduce demand for our products and services negatively affecting our net sales and profitability in the future. In prior years, our sales were heavily seasonal with operating results varying from quarter to quarter depending on weather conditions that could delay construction starts. Our sales and income have historically been lower in the first and fourth quarters than in the second and third quarters of a fiscal year. Increased tariffs (as noted above), political uncertainty, fluctuating foreign currency rates, mortgage interest rates, and rising costs can also have an effect on our gross and operating profits as well. Due to efforts in diversifying our geographic footprint, product offerings, and chan [Excerpt truncated for page length; the complete text is on the linked full-MD&A page.] Read the full FY 2025 MD&A: /company/SSD/mda/fy2025/ All MD&A years: /company/SSD/mda/ ## MD&A history Prior-year 10-K MD&A spans are extracted from SEC filings with the same bounded parser used for the latest filing. Each year's full verbatim text is on its own sub-page. - [FY 2024 MD&A](/company/SSD/mda/fy2024/): filed 2025-03-03; accession 0000920371-25-000051 (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/920371/000092037125000051/ssd-20241231.htm) - [FY 2023 MD&A](/company/SSD/mda/fy2023/): filed 2024-02-28; accession 0000920371-24-000063 (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/920371/000092037124000063/ssd-20231231.htm) - [FY 2022 MD&A](/company/SSD/mda/fy2022/): filed 2023-02-28; accession 0000920371-23-000072 (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/920371/000092037123000072/ssd-20221231.htm) - [FY 2021 MD&A](/company/SSD/mda/fy2021/): filed 2022-02-28; accession 0000920371-22-000056 (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/920371/000092037122000056/ssd-20211231.htm) ## Macro cross-references Indicators mapped to this company's SIC classification (industry 3420 Cutlery, Handtools & General Hardware) by grepcent's deterministic macro-sector crosswalk. A navigational mapping, not a statistical or causal claim. - [INDPRO](/indicator/INDPRO/): Industrial Production: Total Index - [TCU](/indicator/TCU/): Capacity Utilization: Total Index - [PPIACO](/indicator/PPIACO/): Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities - [GDPC1](/indicator/GDPC1/): Real Gross Domestic Product - [DGS10](/indicator/DGS10/): Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity - [FEDFUNDS](/indicator/FEDFUNDS/): Federal Funds Effective Rate - [CES0500000003](/indicator/CES0500000003/): Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees, Total Private - [PAYEMS](/indicator/PAYEMS/): All Employees, Total Nonfarm Macro-to-micro threads including this sector: [Inflation (CPI / PCE / PPI)](/thread/inflation-cpi-pce-ppi/), [US labor market](/thread/us-labor-market/), [Growth & output](/thread/growth-output/), [Money & trade](/thread/money-trade/), [Government finances](/thread/government-finances/), [Sector employment](/thread/sector-employment/), [Industrial orders & inventories](/thread/industrial-orders/), [Trade & external](/thread/trade-external/). All macro indicators: /indicators/ ## For LLMs & downloads Markdown twin: /company/SSD.md · JSON record: /company/SSD.json · verified financials: /company/SSD/financials.json / /company/SSD/financials.csv · machine TOC for the whole site: /llms.txt