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ALLIENT INC (ALNT) FY 2024 MD&A

Verbatim Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis from ALLIENT INC's 10-K for fiscal year 2024. Filing date: 2025-03-05. Report date: 2024-12-31. Accession: 0001558370-25-002265.

This page reproduces the company's own Item 7 MD&A text from the linked SEC filing. It is filer text, not grepcent analysis, scoring, or investment advice.

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high.

Company profile: ALNT · All MD&A years: index · Previous year: FY 2023 · Next year: FY 2025

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Amounts presented in Item 7 are in thousands, except per share data.

Overview

We are a global company that designs, manufactures, and sells precision and specialty-controlled motion products and solutions used in a broad range of industries. Our target markets include Industrial, Vehicle, Medical, and Aerospace & Defense (A&D). We are headquartered in Amherst, NY, and have operations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. We are known worldwide for our expertise in electro-magnetic, mechanical, and electronic motion technology. We sell component and integrated controlled motion solutions to end customers and OEMs through our own direct sales force and authorized manufacturers’ representatives and distributors. Our products include nano precision positioning systems, servo control systems, motion controllers, digital servo amplifiers and drives, brushless servo, torque, and coreless motors, brush motors, integrated motor-drives, gear motors, gearing, incremental and absolute optical encoders, active (electronic) and passive (magnetic) filters for power quality and harmonic issues, Industrial safety rated input/output Modules, Universal Industrial Communications Gateways, light-weighting technologies, and other controlled motion-related products.

Financial Overview

Highlights for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, include:

Column 1Column 2Column 3
Revenue was $529,968 for 2024 compared with $578,634 in 2023. Certain markets, primarily Industrial and Vehicle, experienced decreases in revenue and our Industrial market was impacted by elevated shipments in 2023 as supply chains normalized, combined with slowing demand at certain customers beginning in the second quarter of 2024. The acquisitions completed in 2023 and 2024 contributed an incremental $40,856 of revenues in 2024. Sales to U.S. customers were 55% of total sales for 2024 and 59% for 2023, with the balance of sales to customers primarily in Europe, Canada and Asia-Pacific.
Column 1Column 2Column 3
Gross profit was $165,691 for 2024, a 10% decrease from $183,683 in 2023. As a percentage of revenue, gross margin decreased 40 basis points to 31.3% in 2024 from 31.7% in 2023. The gross margin decrease was largely driven by lower fixed cost absorption on lower sales volumes, as well as the gross margin impact of our most recent acquisition.
Column 1Column 2Column 3
Operating income was $30,038 for 2024 compared with $42,314 for 2023, or 5.7% and 7.3% of revenue in 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Column 1Column 2Column 3
Net income was $13,166 for 2024, or $0.79 per diluted share, compared with $24,097, or $1.48 per diluted share, for 2023. Net income was 45% lower in 2024 compared to 2023, and earnings per diluted share decreased by 46% as compared to 2023.
Column 1Column 2Column 3
Bookings were $480,031 for 2024 compared with $520,275 for 2023, a decrease of 8%. Decreases in bookings are primarily due to a slowing demand at certain customers beginning in the second quarter of 2024. Backlog as of December 31, 2024 was $230,788, a decrease of 17% from $276,093 at year end 2023. Included in backlog as of December 31, 2024 is $7,353 contributed by the 2024 business acquisition.
Column 1Column 2Column 3
Debt of $224,177, net of cash of $36,102, increased by $1,574 to $188,075 at December 31, 2024 from debt of $218,402, net of cash of $31,901 of $186,501 at December 31, 2023, primarily as a result of borrowings to fund acquisition activities and capital expenditures, offset in part by payments made on debt from cash flows generated by operations.
Column 1Column 2Column 3
We declared and paid a dividend of $0.03 in each quarter of 2024, as well as declaring and paying $0.025 in the first quarter of 2023 and $0.03 in each of the second, third, and fourth quarters of 2023 pursuant to

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Column 1Column 2Column 3
our quarterly dividend program. Dividends to shareholders for 2024 and 2023 were $0.12 and $0.115 per share, respectively. The dividend payout ratio was 15% and 8% for 2024 and 2023, respectively when compared with the diluted earnings per share of $0.79 and $1.48, respectively.

We remain focused on executing our strategy for growth while streamlining the organization and emphasizing continuous improvement in quality, delivery, cost and innovation as we drive the One Allient approach and expand our value proposition for our customers. Solid strides continue to be made with our multi-product, fully integrated solutions that are leading to increased business. Also, we continue to build a pipeline of exciting market-based application opportunities. Sales cycles are long and the time from being selected for the solution development to full rate production can be longer, yet we believe we continue to build a scalable foundation which can deliver strong returns on those investments.

Our Strategy

Our growth strategy is focused on becoming a leading global controlled motion solution provider in our selected target markets by further developing our products and services platform to utilize multiple Allient technologies which create increased value solutions for our customers. Our strategy further defines Allient as being a “technology/know-how” driven company and to be successful, we continue to invest in our areas of excellence.

We have set growth targets for our Company and we will focus and align our resources to meet those targets. First and foremost, we invest in our people as we believe that attracting and retaining the right people is the most important element in our strategy. We will continue to invest significantly in applied and design engineering resources.

Our strategic focus is addressing the critical issues that we believe are necessary to meet the stated long-term goals and objectives of the Company. The majority of the critical issues are focused on growth and profitability initiatives for the Company.

One of these initiatives includes product line platform development and rationalization to meet the emerging needs of our target markets. Our platform development emphasizes a combination of our technologies to create increased value solutions for our customers while seeking operating efficiencies. The emphasis on new opportunities has evolved from being an individual component provider to becoming a solutions provider whereby the new opportunities utilize multiple Allient technologies in a system solution approach. We believe this approach will allow us to provide increased value to our customers and improved margins for our Company and are demonstrated in our acquisitions completed in 2024 and 2023. Our strong financial condition, along with AST continuous improvement initiatives in quality, delivery, and cost allow us to have a positive outlook for the continued long-term growth of our Company.

Outlook for 2025

We experienced a significant demand shift starting in the late second quarter of 2024, with notable declines in our Industrial Automation sector prompted by extended capital expenditure cycles, delayed factory expansions and budget constraints on automation upgrades as well as market softness in the recreational vehicle marketplace driven by increased financing costs and tightening of household budgets. These factors combined with intermittent uneven order flow in other served markets, spurred a slowdown in demand. The declines were in large part due to significant inventory rebalancing at some of our larger customers surfacing as the supply chain returned to more normal conditions and macroeconomic pressures shifting customer priorities. These market conditions substantially persisted through the second half of 2024.

Our Simplify to Accelerate NOW program continues to generate tangible results while enhancing our agility and competitiveness.

Column 1Column 2Column 3
Annualized Savings: To date, Allient has implemented $10 million in total annualized cost savings.
Column 1Column 2Column 3
Operational Efficiencies: The program’s focus on refining the organizational structure, eliminating redundancies, and optimizing production processes has led to initial margin improvements, bolstering overall profitability.

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Column 1Column 2Column 3
Enhanced Agility: By simplifying its operations, Allient aims to improve its speed to market, enhance customer service, and strengthen its competitive positioning across targeted industries.
Column 1Column 2Column 3
Future Cost Rationalization: Beyond the current $10 million in savings, Allient is actively identifying further opportunities to rationalize its cost structure in 2025, ensuring continued alignment with evolving market conditions and customer demands.

Our goal is to drive $6 million to $7 million in annual savings. In early February 2025, we announced plans to expand machining capabilities at our Dothan, Alabama facility, an initiative expected to help support our goal. While this transition presents complexities and requires focused execution, we are confident in the long-term efficiencies it will create. One-time implementation costs are expected to be equivalent to the annualized savings, resulting in a one-year pay back on the investment. We anticipate realizing the initial benefits of this initiative toward the end of 2025.

Allient is an applied technology/know-how motion company, and to grow, we will continue to invest in the technical resources to ensure we can move forward with our mantra to “create controlled motion solutions that change the game” and to meet the emerging needs of our customers in our served market segments. We anticipate that our investment in these key resources will continue to drive our growth now and in the future. We expect to continue the shift from being a component supplier to a more complete solutions provider, along with the application of AST, to drive cost reduction.

Our global production footprint provides us with the opportunity to be a value added supplier for global companies who require support around the world. We will continue to evaluate and find areas to leverage our current manufacturing and sales capabilities to drive sales and improve efficiencies.

While near-term order patterns remain fluid, the fundamental drivers of our business remain strong. Overall, our strategic initiatives position Allient for stronger financial performance, greater operational flexibility, and enhanced earnings power in the years ahead.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). We make estimates and assumptions in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates and judgments upon historical experience and other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Changes in estimates or assumptions could result in a material adjustment to the consolidated financial statements.

We have identified several critical accounting estimates. An accounting estimate is considered critical if both: (a) the nature of the estimates or assumptions is material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment involved, and (b) the impact of changes in the estimates and assumptions would have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. This listing is not a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies. For further information regarding the application of these and other accounting policies, See Note 1, Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the notes to consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this report for additional information.

The Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates include:

Revenue Recognition

The Company considers control of most products to transfer at a single point in time when control is transferred to the customer, generally when the products are shipped in accordance with an agreement and/or purchase order. Control is defined as the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits of the product. The Company satisfies its performance obligations under a contract with a customer by transferring goods and services generally in exchange for monetary consideration from the customer. The Company considers the customer’s purchase order, and the Company’s corresponding sales order acknowledgment as the contract with the customer. In the normal course of business, the Company does not accept product returns unless the item is defective as manufactured. The

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Company establishes provisions for estimated returns and warranties. All contracts include a standard warranty clause to guarantee that the product complies with agreed specifications.

Inventories

Inventories are measured on a first-in, first-out basis at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Inventory costing requires complex calculations that include assumptions for overhead absorption, scrap, sample calculations, manufacturing yield estimates, costs to sell, and the determination of which costs may be capitalized. The Company’s estimate of the appropriate amount of obsolete or excess inventory, as well as inventory that is not of saleable quality, uses certain inputs and involves judgment. Such inputs include data associated with historic trends, the demand forecast for inventory on-hand which includes customer orders, and item specific estimates about the timing or level of demand for a specific part.

Historically, our inventory adjustment has been adequate to cover our losses. However, variations in methods or assumptions could have a material impact on our results. If our demand forecast for specific products is greater than actual demand and we fail to reduce manufacturing output accordingly, we could be required to record additional inventory write-downs or expense a greater amount of overhead costs, which would negatively impact our net income. As of December 31, 2024, we have $111,517 of inventory recorded on our consolidated balance sheet, representing approximately 19% of total assets. A 1% write-down of our inventory would decrease our 2024 net income by approximately $850, or $0.05 per diluted share.

Evaluation of Goodwill for impairment

We test the reporting unit’s goodwill for impairment as of October 31st of each fiscal year and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that may indicate that the fair value of the reporting unit is below its carrying value. In conducting this annual impairment test, we may first perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more-likely-than-not that the reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying value. If we determine that it is not more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, no further goodwill impairment testing is required. If it is more-likely-than-not that the reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying value, or if we elect not to perform a qualitative assessment of a reporting unit, a quantitative analysis is performed, in which the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the excess, limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

We elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and performed a quantitative assessment of our single reporting unit as of October 31, 2024. Fair value of the reporting unit is estimating using a weighted methodology that utilizes the income and market approaches. The income approach incorporates significant assumptions and estimates, including discounted cash flow modeling to forecast cash flows, revenue growth, operating income margin, and discount rate. As the fair value of our reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, Allient does not believe that our reporting unit is at risk for impairment. Fair value is calculated based on estimated discounted future cash flows and comparable publicly traded companies.

Changes to the factors considered above could affect the estimated fair value of our reporting unit and could result in a goodwill impairment charge in a future period. As of December 31, 2024, we have $131,789 of goodwill recorded on our consolidated balance sheet, representing approximately 23% of total assets. A 1% write-down of our goodwill would decrease our 2024 net income by approximately $1,000, or $0.06 per diluted share.

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Business Combinations

The Company allocates the purchase price of an acquired company, including when applicable, the acquisition date fair value of contingent consideration between tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the acquired business based on their estimated fair values, with the residual of the purchase price recorded as goodwill. Third party appraisal firms and other consultants are engaged to assist management in determining the fair values of certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Estimating fair values requires significant judgments, estimates and assumptions, including but not limited to: discount rates, future cash flows and the economic lives of trade names, technology, customer relationships, and property, plant and equipment. These estimates are based on historical experience and information obtained from the management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain.

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In the normal course of business, we evaluate all new accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) or other authoritative accounting bodies to determine the potential impact they may have on our consolidated financial statements. See Note 1, Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the notes to consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this report for additional information about these recently issued accounting standards and their potential impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

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Operating Results

The following discussion is a comparison between fiscal year 2024 and fiscal year 2023 results. For a discussion of our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, please refer to Item 7 of Part II, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the SEC on March 5, 2024.

Year 2024 compared to 2023

For the year ended2024 vs. 2023
December 31,Variance
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)20242023$%
Revenues$529,968$578,634$(48,666)(8)%
Cost of goods sold364,277394,951(30,674)(8)%
Gross profit165,691183,683(17,992)(10)%
Gross margin percentage31.3%31.7%
Operating costs and expenses:
Selling25,31024,7135972%
General and administrative55,66958,403(2,734)(5)%
Engineering and development39,76141,665(1,904)(5)%
Business development2,4164,275(1,859)(43)%
Amortization of intangible assets12,49712,3131841%
Total operating costs and expenses135,653141,369(5,716)(4)%
Operating income30,03842,314(12,276)(29)%
Interest expense13,29612,3839137%
Other (income) expense, net(116)231(347)(150)%
Total other expense, net13,18012,6145664%
Income before income taxes16,85829,700(12,842)(43)%
Income tax provision(3,692)(5,603)1,911(34)%
Net income$13,166$24,097$(10,931)(45)%
Effective tax rate21.9%18.9%
Diluted earnings per share$0.79$1.48$(0.69)(47)%
Bookings$480,031$520,275$(40,244)(8)%
Backlog$230,788$276,093$(45,305)(16)%

REVENUES: The decrease in revenues for 2024 reflects decreases within each of the target markets, most significantly in Vehicle. Decreases in revenues compared to the prior year period are largely impacted by elevated shipments during the prior year period as supply chains normalized, combined with elevated inventory levels and slowing demand at our customers in the current period, partially offset by revenue contributed from the 2023 and 2024 acquisitions. Our sales for 2024 were comprised of 55% to U.S. customers and 45% to customers primarily in Europe, Canada and Asia-Pacific. The overall decrease in revenue was primarily due to an 8% volume decrease and a minimal foreign currency impact. The acquisitions completed in 2023 and 2024 contributed an incremental $40,856 of revenues in 2024. See information included in “Non – GAAP Measures” below for a discussion of the non-GAAP measure and reconciliation of revenue to revenue excluding foreign currency impacts.

ORDER BOOKINGS AND BACKLOG: The 8% decrease in orders in 2024 compared to 2023 is due to an 8% decrease in volume with minimal foreign currency impact. Decreases in bookings are primarily due to a slowing demand at certain customers beginning in the second quarter of 2024. The acquisitions completed in 2023 and 2024 contributed an incremental $39,993 of orders in 2024. The decrease in backlog as of December 31, 2024, compared to December 31, 2023 includes an incremental backlog of $7,353 from the acquisition that was completed during 2024.

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GROSS PROFIT AND GROSS MARGIN: Gross margins decreased to 31.3% for 2024, compared to 31.7% for 2023. The gross margin decrease was largely driven by lower fixed cost absorption on lower sales volumes, as well as the gross margin impact of our most recent acquisition.

SELLING EXPENSES: Selling expenses increased 2% during 2024 compared to 2023 primarily due to increased costs in connection with our acquisitions and the mix of sales with commissions. Selling expenses as a percentage of revenues were 5% and 4% during 2024 and 2023, respectively.

GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES: General and administrative expenses decreased by 5% during 2024 compared to 2023 due to lower incentive compensation as well as cost reduction actions taken reflecting our Simplify to Accelerate NOW strategy. As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expenses were 11% and 10% in 2024 and 2023, respectively.

ENGINEERING AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES: Engineering and development expenses decreased by 5% in 2024 compared to 2023. The decrease reflects the cost reduction actions taken as part of our Simplify to Accelerate NOW strategy. As a percentage of revenues, engineering and development expenses were 7% for each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COSTS: The decrease in business development costs in 2024 compared to 2023 is largely due to the fair value changes of contingent consideration of $1.9 million related to acquisitions incurred in 2023, compared to the $300 contra expense recognized in 2024, offset in part by restructuring expenses recognized in 2024.

AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS: Amortization of intangible assets increased 1% in 2024 compared to 2023, due to the inclusion of the full year of intangible asset amortization of the 2023 acquisition and the intangible asset amortization from the 2024 acquisition.

INTEREST EXPENSE: Interest expense increased by 7% in 2024 compared to 2023 primarily due to higher average debt balances and higher interest rates, offset in part by the impact of interest rate swaps.

INCOME TAXES: For 2024 and 2023, the effective income tax rate was 21.9% and 18.9%, respectively. The effective rate differs from the statutory rate primarily due to state income taxes, the impact of foreign tax provisions in the U.S., foreign tax rate differences, Section 162(m) compensation limits, the benefit of Research and Development tax credits and incentives and withholding taxes on foreign distributions. The effective tax rate for 2024 was higher than the effective tax rate for 2023 primarily due to increases due to impacts of section 162(m) compensation and withholding taxes on foreign distributions, partially offset by increases in certain credits and incentives, the realization of certain deferred income tax assets that had been reserved in prior years, as well as the impact of the mix of foreign and domestic income.

NET INCOME AND ADJUSTED NET INCOME: Net income decreased during 2024 compared to 2023, primarily due to operating income decreases, reflecting decreased revenues and lower gross margin, partially offset by a decrease in operating expenses.

Adjusted net income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $24,679 and $37,458, respectively. Adjusted diluted earnings per share for 2024 and 2023 were $1.49 and $2.30, respectively. Adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share are non-GAAP measures. See information included in “Non–GAAP Measures” below for a discussion of the non-GAAP measure and reconciliation of net income to Adjusted net income and diluted earnings per share to Adjusted diluted earnings per share.

EBITDA AND ADJUSTED EBITDA: EBITDA was $56,045 for 2024 compared to $67,151 for 2023. Adjusted EBITDA was $62,525 and $77,184 for 2024 and 2023, respectively. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP measures. EBITDA consists of income before interest expense, provision for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA also excludes stock-based compensation expense, foreign currency gain/loss and certain other items. Refer to information included in “Non-GAAP Measures” below for a discussion of the non-GAAP measure and a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.

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Non-GAAP Measures

Revenue excluding foreign currency exchange, Organic growth, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted net income and Adjusted diluted earnings per share are provided for information purposes only and are not measures of financial performance under GAAP.

Management believes the presentation of these financial measures reflecting non-GAAP adjustments provides important supplemental information to investors and other users of our financial statements in evaluating the operating results of the Company as distinct from results that include items that are not indicative of ongoing operating results. In particular, those charges and credits that are not directly related to operating unit performance, and that are not a helpful measure of the performance of our underlying business particularly in light of their unpredictable nature. These non-GAAP disclosures have limitations as analytical tools, should not be viewed as a substitute for revenue and net income determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of the Company’s results as reported under GAAP, nor is it necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies. In addition, supplemental presentation should not be construed as an inference that the Company’s future results will be unaffected by similar adjustments to net income determined in accordance with GAAP.

The Company believes that revenue excluding foreign currency exchange impacts is a useful measure in analyzing sales results. The Company excludes the effect of currency translation from revenue for this measure because currency translation is not under management’s control, is subject to volatility and can obscure underlying business trends. The portion of revenue attributable to currency translation is calculated as the difference between the current period revenue and the current period revenue after applying foreign exchange rates from the prior period.

The Company believes EBITDA is often a useful measure of a Company’s operating performance and is a significant basis used by the Company’s management to measure the operating performance of the Company’s business because EBITDA excludes charges for depreciation, amortization and interest expense that have resulted from our debt financings, acquisitions, as well as our provision for income tax expense. EBITDA is frequently used as one of the bases for comparing businesses in the Company’s industry.

The Company also believes that Adjusted EBITDA provides helpful information about the operating performance of its business. Adjusted EBITDA excludes stock-based compensation expense, as well as business development costs, foreign currency gains/losses on short-term assets and liabilities, and other items that are not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not represent and should not be considered as an alternative to net income, operating income, net cash provided by operating activities or any other measure for determining operating performance or liquidity that is calculated in accordance with GAAP.

Management uses Adjusted net income and Adjusted diluted earnings per share to assess the Company’s consolidated financial and operating performance. Adjusted net income and Adjusted diluted earnings per share are provided for informational purposes only and are not a measure of financial performance under GAAP. These measures help management make decisions that are expected to facilitate meeting current financial goals as well as achieving optimal financial performance. Adjusted net income provides management with a measure of financial performance of the Company based on operational factors as it removes the impact of certain non-routine items from the Company’s operating results. Adjusted diluted earnings per share provides management with an indication of how Adjusted net income would be reflected on a per share basis for comparison to the GAAP diluted earnings per share measure. Adjusted net income is a key metric used by senior management and the Company’s Board of Directors to review the consolidated financial performance of the business. This measure adjusts net income determined in accordance with GAAP to reflect changes in financial results associated with the highlighted expense and income items. Organic growth is reported revenues adjusted for the impact of foreign currency and the revenue contribution from acquisitions.

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The Company’s calculation of Revenue excluding foreign currency exchange impacts for the years ending December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

For the year ended December 31,
20242023
Revenue as reported$529,968$578,634
Currency impact unfavorable139258
Revenue excluding foreign currency exchange impacts$530,107$578,892

The Company’s calculation of organic growth for 2024 is as follows:

Year ended
December 31, 2024
Revenue change over prior year(8.4)%
Less: Impact of acquisitions and foreign currency7.0
Organic growth(15.4)%

The Company’s calculation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for 2024 and 2023 is as follows (in thousands):

Year ended
December 31,
20242023
Net income as reported$13,166$24,097
Interest expense13,29612,383
Provision for income tax3,6925,603
Depreciation and amortization25,89125,068
EBITDA56,04567,151
Stock-based compensation expense4,1475,477
Acquisition and integration-related costs4452,959
Restructuring and business realignment costs1,9711,316
Foreign currency (gain)/loss(83)281
Adjusted EBITDA$62,525$77,184

The Company’s calculation of Adjusted net income and Adjusted diluted earnings per share for years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

For the year ended
December 31,
Per dilutedPer diluted
2024share2023share
Net income as reported$13,166$0.79$24,097$1.48
Non-GAAP adjustments, net of tax (1)
Amortization of intangible assets – net9,7260.599,7520.60
Foreign currency (gain) / loss – net(64)2230.01
Acquisition and integration-related costs – net3410.022,3440.14
Restructuring and business realignment costs – net1,5100.091,0420.06
Non-GAAP adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share$24,679$1.49$37,458$2.30
Column 1Column 2Column 3
(1)Applies a blended federal, state, and foreign tax rate of approximately 23% in 2024 and 21% in 2023 applicable to the non-GAAP adjustments.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s liquidity position as measured by cash and cash equivalents increased by $4,201 to a balance of $36,102 at December 31, 2024 from 2023.

2024 vs.
Year Ended2023
December 31,Variance
(in thousands):20242023$
Net cash provided by operating activities$41,850$45,038$(3,188)
Net cash used in investing activities(34,914)(22,607)(12,307)
Net cash used in financing activities(843)(21,317)20,474
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash(1,892)173(2,065)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents$4,201$1,287$2,914

Of the $36,102 cash and cash equivalents on hand at December 31, 2024, $30,020 was located at our foreign subsidiaries and may be subject to withholding tax if repatriated to the U.S.

During 2024, the cash provided by operating activities decreased from 2023 primarily due to decreases in cash due to changes in accounts payable and accrued liabilities, as well as a decrease in net income, offset partially by increases in cash due to changes in accounts receivable and inventory.

The cash used in investing activities in 2024 increased as compared with 2023 due to $20,000 in cash paid for the acquisition of SNC, offset by $5,129 of cash paid in 2023 for the acquisition of Sierramotion, as well as by a decrease in capital expenditures of $1,920. The Company expects 2025 capital expenditures to be approximately $10,000 to $12,000.

Cash used in financing activities in 2024 as compared to cash used in financing activities in 2023 reflects the borrowings of $20,000 from the Amended Revolving Facility to fund the SNC acquisition and the $50,000 of fixed-rate Notes issued in March 2024 that were used to pay down the Revolving Facility, as compared to the $11,000 borrowed in 2023, primarily to fund the business acquisition activity in the third quarter of 2023 and, to a lesser extent, inventory requirements during uncertain supply chain environments in 2023. Debt repayments, excluding the pay down on the Revolving Facility of $50,000 from the Notes issuance, of $18,433 and $28,395 were made during 2024 and 2023, respectively. At December 31, 2024, the Company had $168,962 of obligations under the Amended Revolving Facility, excluding deferred financing costs and $50,000 for the Notes issued in March 2024.

The Amended Credit Agreement includes covenants and restrictions that limit the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, make certain investments, create, incur or assume certain liens, merge, consolidate or sell all or substantially all of its assets and enter into transactions with an affiliate of the Company on other than an arms’ length transaction. These covenants, which are described more fully in the Amended Credit Agreement, to which reference is made for a complete statement of the covenants, are subject to certain exceptions.  Financial covenants under the 2024 Credit and Note Payable Agreements require the Company to maintain a minimum interest coverage ratio of at least 3.0:1.0 at the end of each fiscal quarter. In addition, the Company’s Leverage Ratio at the end of any fiscal quarter shall not be greater than 4.25:1.0 through December 31, 2024 or greater than 3.75 to 1.0 as of the end of any fiscal quarter thereafter; provided that the Company may elect to temporarily increase the Leverage Ratio by 0.5:1.0 following a material acquisition under the 2024 Credit and Note Payable Agreements. The 2024 Credit and Note Payable Agreements also include covenants and restrictions that limit the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, merge, consolidate or sell all or substantially all of its assets and enter into transactions with an affiliate of the Company on other than an arms’ length transaction. These covenants, which are described more fully in the 2024 Credit and Note Payable Agreements, to which reference is made for a complete statement of the covenants, are subject to certain exceptions.  The Company was in compliance with all covenants at December 31, 2024 as well as at each quarter end during 2024.

As of December 31, 2024, the unused Amended Revolving Facility was $111,038. The amount available to borrow may be lower and may vary from period to period based upon our debt and EBITDA levels, which impacts our covenant

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calculations. The Amended Credit Agreement matures in March 2029.

On October 22, 2024, the Company entered into a Second Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and a Second Amendment to the Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement (collectively, the “October 2024 Credit and Note Payable Amendments”). These amendments include provisions to increase the maximum Leverage Ratio to 4.5:1.0 for the quarters ending March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2025, 4.0:1.0 for the quarter ending September 30, 2025, and returning to 3.75:1.0 for the quarter ending December 31, 2025 and thereafter. From January 1, 2025 through September 30, 2025, borrowings under the Revolving Facility will bear interest at Term SOFR plus a margin of 2.50% and a commitment fee of 0.325% on the unused portion of the Revolving Facility. Also, from October 1, 2024 through September 30, 2025, the Series A Notes will bear interest at 6.46%.

The Company declared dividends, in total, of $0.12 and $0.115 per share during 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company’s working capital, capital expenditure and dividend requirements are expected to be funded from cash provided by operations and amounts available under the Amended Credit Agreement (refer to Note 7, Debt Obligations, of the notes to consolidated financial statements for definition and terms).

We believe our diverse markets, our strong market position in many of our businesses, and the steps we have taken to strengthen our balance sheet, such as retaining cash to support shorter term needs and amending our revolving credit facility leaves us well-positioned to manage our business. We continually assess our liquidity and cash positions taking geopolitical and other uncertainties into consideration. Based on our analysis, we believe our existing balances of cash, our currently anticipated operating cash flows, and our available financing under agreements in place will be more than sufficient to meet our cash needs arising in the ordinary course of business for the next twelve months.

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