CARTERS INC (CRI) FY 2024 MD&A
This page reproduces the company's own Item 7 MD&A text from the linked SEC filing. It is filer text, not grepcent analysis, scoring, or investment advice.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following is a discussion of our results of operations and current financial condition. You should read this discussion in conjunction with our consolidated historical financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our discussion of our results of operations and financial condition contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws relating to our future performance. We based these statements on assumptions that we consider reasonable. Actual results may differ materially from those suggested by our forward-looking statements for various reasons including those discussed under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Those risk factors expressly qualify all subsequent oral and written forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf. Except for any ongoing obligations to disclose material information as required by federal securities laws, we do not have any intention or obligation to update forward-looking statements after we file this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
For a comparison of our results for fiscal year 2023 to our results for fiscal year 2022 and other financial information related to fiscal year 2022, refer to Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2024.
Fiscal Years
Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday in December or January nearest December 31. Every five or six years, our fiscal year includes an additional 53rd week of results. Fiscal 2024 ended on December 28, 2024, fiscal 2023 ended on December 30, 2023, and fiscal 2022 ended on December 31, 2022. All three fiscal years contained 52 calendar weeks.
Our Business
We are the largest branded marketer of young children’s apparel in North America. We own two of the most highly recognized and trusted brand names in the children’s apparel market, Carter’s and OshKosh B’gosh (or “OshKosh”). We also own Skip Hop, a leading young children’s lifestyle brand, Little Planet, a brand focused on organic fabrics and sustainable materials and exclusive Carter’s brands developed for Amazon, Target, and Walmart.
Our multichannel global business model, which includes retail stores, eCommerce, and wholesale distribution channels, as well as omni-channel capabilities in the United States and Canada, enables us to reach a broad range of consumers around the world. At the end of fiscal 2024, our channels included 1,057 company-owned retail stores in North America, eCommerce websites, approximately 19,500 wholesale locations in North America, as well as our international wholesale accounts and licensees who operate in over 1,100 locations outside of North America in over 90 countries.
Segments
Our three business segments are: U.S. Retail, U.S. Wholesale, and International. These segments are our operating and reporting segments. Our U.S. Retail segment consists of revenue primarily from sales of products in the United States through our retail stores and eCommerce websites. Similarly, our U.S. Wholesale segment consists of revenue primarily from sales in the United States of products to our wholesale customers. Our International segment consists of revenue primarily from sales of products outside the United States, largely through our retail stores and eCommerce websites in Canada and Mexico, and sales to our international wholesale customers and licensees. Additional financial and geographical information about our business segments is contained in Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” and under Note 18, Segment Information, to the consolidated financial statements.
In fiscal 2024, the Company changed its measure of segment profitability to segment operating income. Segment operating income includes net sales, royalty income, and related cost of goods sold and selling, general, and administrative expenses attributable to each segment. Segment operating income excludes unallocated corporate expenses as well as specific charges that are not directly attributable to segment operations, including restructuring costs and impairment charges related to goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, which were included in our previous measure of segment profitability. This change has no impact on our consolidated operating income. Management believes this updated presentation more accurately reflects how the business is managed and provides better insight into segment performance. Prior period segment operating income for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023 has been recast to conform to the current presentation.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin
Gross profit is calculated as consolidated net sales less cost of goods sold. Gross margin is calculated as gross profit divided by consolidated net sales. Cost of goods sold includes expenses related to the merchandising, design, and procurement of product, including inbound freight, purchasing, receiving, and inspection costs. Also included in costs of goods sold are the costs of
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shipping eCommerce product to end consumers. Retail store occupancy costs, distribution expenses, and generally all other expenses other than interest and income taxes are included in Selling, general, and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses. Distribution expenses that are included in SG&A primarily consist of payments to third-party shippers and handling costs to process product through our distribution facilities, including eCommerce fulfillment costs, and delivery to our wholesale customers and to our retail stores. Our gross profit and gross margin may not be comparable to other entities that define their metrics differently.
Comparable Sales Metrics
We present comparable sales metrics because we consider them an important supplemental measure of our U.S. Retail and International performance, and the Company uses such information to assess the performance of the U.S. Retail and International segments. Additionally, we believe they are frequently used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties in the evaluation of our business.
Our comparable sales metrics include sales for all stores and eCommerce sites that were open and operated by us during the comparable fiscal period, including stand-alone format stores that converted to multi-branded format stores and certain remodeled or relocated stores. A store or site becomes comparable following 13 consecutive full fiscal months of operations. If a store relocates within the same center with no business interruption or material change in square footage, the sales of such store will continue to be included in the comparable store metrics. If a store relocates to another center more than five miles away, or there is a material change in square footage, such store is treated as a new store. Stores that are closed during the relevant fiscal period are included in the comparable store sales metrics up to the last full fiscal month of operations.
The method of calculating sales metrics varies across the retail industry. As a result, our comparable sales metrics may not be comparable to those of other retailers.
Known or Anticipated Trends
Macroeconomic Factors and Consumer Demand
Macroeconomic factors, including persistent inflationary pressures on families with young children, elevated interest rates, increased consumer debt levels, decreased savings rates, and geopolitical unrest continue to create a complex and challenging retail environment. These macroeconomic factors have had and may continue to have a negative impact on consumer sentiment and consumer demand for our products. In part due to these macroeconomic factors, our business has experienced a shift in consumer demand from the retail channel to the mass channel. As consumers face financial pressures, U.S. Wholesale has benefited from consumers choosing the ease of one-stop shopping available through mass channel retailers. Additionally, we have observed increased promotional activity across the retail industry, which may negatively impact our financial results, including revenue and operating margins in the future.
We have taken actions to mitigate the impact of decreased consumer demand, including strengthening our product offerings through a focus on style and value, increasing our mix of opening price and premium price offerings, including through our Little Planet brand and our PurelySoft collection, optimizing our fleet of retail stores, improving our marketing effectiveness to drive traffic, including through the relaunch of our loyalty program in the second quarter of fiscal 2024, and investing in our exclusive wholesale brands, our international omnichannel capabilities, and the talent in our organization.
Additionally, in the second half of fiscal 2024, we made a strategic investment of approximately $65.0 million to strengthen the value proposition of our direct-to-consumer product offerings and drive improvements in customer acquisition, customer retention, and brand awareness. This investment included $55.0 million allocated toward pricing to enhance competitiveness in opening price point categories and to increase clearance velocity on prior season goods. This investment also included $10.0 million allocated toward brand marketing. We believe these investments, combined with enhancements to the in-store and online shopping experience, contributed to an improvement in U.S. Retail comparable sales, conversion rates (measured as the percentage of store visitors and website traffic that resulted in a purchase), transaction count, units sold, units per transaction, and new customer acquisition in the second half of fiscal 2024 compared to the first half of fiscal 2024. We expect for our strategic investments in pricing to continue through the first half of fiscal 2025.
Supply Chain
The disruption of container shipping traffic through the Red Sea affected transit times and shipping costs for product sourced from our Asia manufacturers beginning in fiscal 2024. The adverse impact of the disruptions in the region, including additional transportation fees to re-route these shipments, were approximately $6.5 million in fiscal 2024. While we do not believe we will incur any material additional transportation costs related to the Red Sea conflict in fiscal 2025, if these hostilities continue or escalate, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
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Additionally, as a result of capacity shortages with some of our carriers in Asia, we incurred approximately $5.2 million in additional transportation costs in fiscal 2024, primarily attributable to surcharges on shipments and higher spot market rates associated with the use of non-contractual carriers.
Despite these additional costs, our inbound freight input costs for fiscal 2024 were favorable to those incurred in fiscal 2023 by approximately 20%. We anticipate an increase in ocean freight rates when our ocean freight contracts renew in the second quarter of fiscal 2025. This increase is largely driven by ongoing capacity shortages related to Red Sea diversions by the majority of cargo carriers whom have not resumed accessing the canal for most U.S. bound routes.
Recent Developments
Trade Policy
Recent developments in U.S. trade policy have introduced uncertainty regarding the future of global trade relations. Following the inauguration of the second Trump administration, there have been numerous announcements made and actions taken related to tariff increases and other trade restrictions regarding imports into the U.S. Given that we source all of our apparel and other products from a global network of third-party suppliers—primarily located in Asia—any new or increased tariffs, quotas, embargoes, or other trade barriers could impact our supply chain and cost structure. Additionally, retaliatory measures by affected countries, could further disrupt our operations or reduce our competitiveness in international markets. We continue to monitor these changing tariffs and trade restrictions. If new tariffs or trade restrictions are imposed, we may need to adjust our pricing, increase inventory levels, or seek alternative suppliers, any of which could materially affect our revenue, gross margins, and overall financial performance.
Executive Leadership Transition
On January 3, 2025, subsequent to the fiscal year ended December 28, 2024, Michael D. Casey retired as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of the Company. Mr. Casey’s retirement was not the result of any disagreement with the Company on matters related to operations, policies, or practices. To ensure a smooth leadership transition, Mr. Casey will continue to serve in an advisory capacity through February 28, 2025.
Effective January 5, 2025, Richard F. Westenberger, then serving as Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer, was appointed as Interim Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Westenberger will maintain his existing responsibilities in addition to serving as our interim Chief Executive Officer while the Board of Directors continues the process of identifying a permanent Chief Executive Officer.
Business Strategies and Outlook
We believe that our growth in the years ahead will be driven by our three key strategic priorities: elevating the style and value of our product offerings, improving our marketing capabilities and effectiveness, and leveraging our multichannel market presence to extend the reach of our brands.
In U.S. Retail, we expect our growth will be driven by improvement in product assortment to highlight both our value-oriented opening price product and our premium fashion assortment, investments in marketing which are intended to drive traffic, improve unaided awareness and increase new customer acquisition, and investments in store remodels that improve customer experience and retention.
In U.S. Wholesale, we continue to expect growth to be driven by our exclusive Carter’s brands. Our wholesale channel has benefited from increased traffic to mass channel retailers as consumers have sought the convenience of one-stop shopping for items such as groceries, other consumer packaged goods, and apparel.
In international markets, we expect our growth will be driven through our Canadian retail stores, new store openings in Mexico, investments in marketing to improve traffic, expansion through our wholesale partner in Brazil, and growth with other wholesale customers.
Fiscal Year 2024 Financial Highlights
Unless otherwise stated, comparisons are to fiscal 2023.
•Consolidated net sales decreased $101.5 million, or 3.4%, to $2.84 billion, driven by decreased U.S. Retail and International sales.
•Consolidated gross profit decreased $30.8 million, or 2.2%, to $1.37 billion, driven by decreased net sales. Consolidated gross margin increased 60 bps to 48.0%, driven by lower average cost per unit sold, customer mix, and
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decreased sales to low-margin off-price wholesale channel customers, partially offset by decreased average selling prices per unit driven by investments in pricing.
•Consolidated SG&A expenses increased $5.7 million, or 0.5%, to $1.10 billion. SG&A as a percentage of consolidated net sales (“SG&A rate”) increased 160 bps to 38.7%, due to factors that include fixed cost deleverage on decreased sales and investments in brand marketing and retail stores. We remain committed to effectively managing our variable costs while strategically investing to drive business growth. These investments include strengthening our relationship with consumers through more effective marketing, and elevating our brand experience in collaboration with our wholesale partners, and enhancing the customer experience in our retail stores.
•Consolidated operating income decreased $68.7 million, or 21.2%, to $254.7 million, and adjusted operating income, a non-GAAP financial measure, decreased $41.3 million, or 12.6%, to $286.6 million. Operating margin decreased 200 bps to 9.0%, primarily due to the factors discussed in detail below, including the recognition of a $30.0 million non-cash pre-tax impairment charge related to the OshKosh tradename in fiscal 2024.
•Consolidated net income decreased $47.0 million, or 20.2%, to $185.5 million primarily due to the factors discussed in detail below, including a $6.9 million court-approved settlement in fiscal 2023 that did not reoccur in fiscal 2024 and a non-cash partial pension settlement charge of $0.9 million, partially offset by a decrease in our income tax provision of $24.4 million, an increase in interest income of $6.3 million, and a decrease in interest expense of $2.6 million.
•Diluted net income per common share decreased $1.12, or 18.0%, to $5.12, and adjusted diluted net income per common share decreased $0.38, or 6.1%, to $5.81.
•Inventories decreased $34.8 million, or 6.5%, to $502.3 million, due to decreased days of supply and lower average unit costs.
•We have continued to invest in the optimization of our fleet of U.S. Retail stores, including through opening new stores, remodeling existing locations, and enhancing the in-store shopping experience. In fiscal 2024, we opened 41 stores and closed 29 stores in the United States. We are projecting approximately 30 new store openings and 19 store closures in fiscal 2025, with a greater number of net store openings in future years.
•As a result of our strong financial position and available liquidity, we returned $166.7 million to our shareholders, comprised of $116.2 million in cash dividends and $50.5 million in share repurchases.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
2024 FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 28, 2024 COMPARED TO 2023 FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 30, 2023
The following table summarizes our results of operations:
| Fiscal year ended | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (dollars in thousands, except per share data) | December 28, 2024 | December 30, 2023 | $ Change | % / bps Change | ||||||||||
| Consolidated net sales | $ | 2,844,102 | $ | 2,945,594 | $ | (101,492) | (3.4) | % | ||||||
| Cost of goods sold | 1,478,936 | 1,549,659 | (70,723) | (4.6) | % | |||||||||
| Gross profit | 1,365,166 | 1,395,935 | (30,769) | (2.2) | % | |||||||||
| Gross profit as % of consolidated net sales | 48.0 | % | 47.4 | % | 60 bps | |||||||||
| Royalty income, net | 19,251 | 21,410 | (2,159) | (10.1) | % | |||||||||
| Royalty income as % of consolidated net sales | 0.7 | % | 0.7 | % | 0 bps | |||||||||
| Selling, general, and administrative expenses | 1,099,689 | 1,093,940 | 5,749 | 0.5 | % | |||||||||
| SG&A expenses as % of consolidated net sales | 38.7 | % | 37.1 | % | 160 bps | |||||||||
| Intangible asset impairment | 30,000 | — | nm | nm | ||||||||||
| Operating income | 254,728 | 323,405 | (68,677) | (21.2) | % | |||||||||
| Operating income as % of consolidated net sales | 9.0 | % | 11.0 | % | (200) bps | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 31,331 | 33,973 | (2,642) | (7.8) | % | |||||||||
| Interest income | (11,039) | (4,776) | (6,263) | 131.1 | % | |||||||||
| Other expense (income), net | 3,627 | (8,034) | 11,661 | nm | ||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 230,809 | 302,242 | (71,433) | (23.6) | % | |||||||||
| Income tax provision | 45,300 | 69,742 | (24,442) | (35.0) | % | |||||||||
| Effective tax rate(*) | 19.6 | % | 23.1 | % | (350) bps | |||||||||
| Net income | $ | 185,509 | $ | 232,500 | $ | (46,990) | (20.2) | % | ||||||
| Basic net income per common share | $ | 5.12 | $ | 6.24 | $ | (1.12) | (18.0) | % | ||||||
| Diluted net income per common share | $ | 5.12 | $ | 6.24 | $ | (1.12) | (18.0) | % | ||||||
| Dividend declared and paid per common share | $ | 3.20 | $ | 3.00 | $ | 0.20 | 6.7 | % |
(*)Effective tax rate is calculated by dividing the provision for income taxes by income before income taxes.
Note: Results may not be additive due to rounding. Percentage changes considered not meaningful denoted with “nm”.
Consolidated Net Sales
Consolidated net sales decreased $101.5 million, or 3.4%, to $2.84 billion. The decrease in net sales was driven by lower traffic and demand in our U.S. Retail businesses, decreased sales of our Carter’s brand to wholesale customers, decreased sales to off-price wholesale channel customers as a result of our lower excess inventory levels, decreased demand in our International businesses, and decreased average selling prices per unit. These decreases were partially offset by increased sales of our exclusive Carter’s brands and growth from our retail stores in Mexico. Average selling prices per unit decreased by a mid-single digit percentage, driven by investments in pricing. Units sold increased by a low-single digit percentage, driven by higher volumes sold of our exclusive Carter’s brands. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates used for translation in fiscal 2024 had an unfavorable effect on our consolidated net sales of $7.4 million.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin
Consolidated gross profit decreased $30.8 million, or 2.2%, to $1.37 billion and consolidated gross margin increased 60 bps to 48.0%. The decrease in consolidated gross profit was driven by decreased net sales. The increase in consolidated gross margin was driven by lower average cost per unit sold, customer mix, and decreased sales to low-margin off-price wholesale channel customers. Average cost per unit sold decreased by a mid-single digit percentage, driven by lower ocean freight rates and product input costs, partially offset by increased freight surcharges and costs to re-route our product around the Red Sea. These factors were partially offset by a benefit in excess inventory provisions in fiscal 2023 that did not reoccur in fiscal 2024, decreased average selling prices per unit driven by investments in pricing, and an increase in the mix of U.S. Wholesale net
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sales. In fiscal 2025, we expect product input costs to increase by a low-single digit percentage and inbound transportation rates, including ocean freight rates, to increase by a high-single digit percentage.
Royalty Income
We have licensing agreements with domestic and international licensees that grant licensees the right to access certain trademarks in return for royalty payments or licensing fees. Royalty income decreased $2.2 million, or 10.1%, to $19.3 million, driven by decreased wholesale customer demand.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
Consolidated SG&A expenses increased $5.7 million, or 0.5%, to $1.10 billion in fiscal 2024 and SG&A rate increased 160 bps to 38.7%. The increase in SG&A rate was driven by fixed cost deleverage on decreased sales, investments in our retail stores and brand marketing, and increased charitable donations, partially offset by decreased performance-based compensation expense, decreased organizational restructuring costs, and decreased consulting costs. Performance-based compensation expense as a percentage of net sales decreased 60 bps due to lower-than-planned financial performance in fiscal 2024.
Intangible Asset Impairment
Due to decreased actual and projected sales and profitability, the Company performed a quantitative impairment test on the goodwill ascribed to each of the Company’s reporting units and on the value of its indefinite-lived intangible tradename assets as of December 28, 2024. Based upon the results of the impairment test, we recognized a non-cash pre-tax impairment charge of $30.0 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 related to our OshKosh indefinite-lived tradename asset.
Operating Income
Consolidated operating income decreased $68.7 million, or 21.2%, to $254.7 million, and consolidated operating margin decreased 200 bps to 9.0%, due to the factors discussed above.
Interest Expense
Consolidated interest expense decreased $2.6 million, or 7.8%, to $31.3 million due to a decrease in weighted-average borrowings. Weighted-average borrowings were $500.0 million at an effective interest rate of 6.23%, compared to weighted-average borrowings for fiscal 2023 of $545.5 million at an effective interest rate of 6.22%. The decrease in weighted-average borrowings was attributable to decreased borrowings under our secured revolving credit facility.
Interest Income
Consolidated interest income increased $6.3 million to $11.0 million due to increased cash balances during the period.
Other Expense (Income), Net
Consolidated other expense (income), net increased $11.7 million to $3.6 million in fiscal 2024 due to a $6.9 million court-approved settlement in fiscal 2023 that did not reoccur in fiscal 2024, a non-cash partial pension settlement charge of $0.9 million, and unfavorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily between the U.S. dollar and the Canadian dollar and the Mexican peso.
Income Taxes
Our consolidated income tax provision decreased $24.4 million, or 35.0%, to $45.3 million, and the effective tax rate decreased 350 bps to 19.6%. The decreased effective tax rate relates to a lower proportion of income generated in the United States, where the tax rate is higher relative to some of our international jurisdictions, compared to fiscal 2023.
Net Income
Consolidated net income decreased $47.0 million, or 20.2%, to $185.5 million, due to the factors previously discussed.
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Results by Segment - Fiscal Year 2024 compared to Fiscal Year 2023
The following table summarizes net sales by segment and segment operating income for the fiscal years ended December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023:
| Fiscal year ended | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (dollars in thousands) | December 28, 2024 | % of consolidated net sales | December 30, 2023 | % of consolidated net sales | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||
| Net sales: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Retail | $ | 1,417,108 | 49.8 | % | $ | 1,501,780 | 51.0 | % | $ | (84,672) | (5.6) | % | ||||||||
| U.S. Wholesale | 1,021,396 | 35.9 | % | 1,014,584 | 34.4 | % | 6,812 | 0.7 | % | |||||||||||
| International | 405,598 | 14.3 | % | 429,230 | 14.6 | % | (23,632) | (5.5) | % | |||||||||||
| Consolidated net sales | $ | 2,844,102 | 100.0 | % | $ | 2,945,594 | 100.0 | % | $ | (101,492) | (3.4) | % | ||||||||
| Segment operating income(1): | Segment operating margin | Segment operating margin | ||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Retail | $ | 132,926 | 9.4 | % | $ | 190,642 | 12.7 | % | $ | (57,716) | (30.3) | % | ||||||||
| U.S. Wholesale | 216,980 | 21.2 | % | 198,945 | 19.6 | % | 18,035 | 9.1 | % | |||||||||||
| International | 38,970 | 9.6 | % | 45,131 | 10.5 | % | (6,161) | (13.7) | % | |||||||||||
| Total segment operating income | $ | 388,876 | 13.7 | % | $ | 434,718 | 14.8 | % | $ | (45,842) | (10.5) | % | ||||||||
| Items not included in segment operating income: | Consolidated operating margin | Consolidated operating margin | ||||||||||||||||||
| Unallocated corporate expenses | (102,326) | n/a | (106,901) | n/a | (4,575) | (4.3) | % | |||||||||||||
| Intangible asset impairment | (30,000) | n/a | — | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||
| Organizational restructuring(2) | (1,822) | n/a | (4,412) | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||
| Consolidated operating income | $ | 254,728 | 9.0 | % | $ | 323,405 | 11.0 | % | $ | (68,677) | (21.2) | % |
(1)Segment operating income for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023 has been recast to conform to the current presentation.
(2)Relates to organizational restructuring for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2024 and organizational restructuring and related corporate office lease amendment actions for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023. Organizational restructuring charges are reflected within Selling, general, and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of operations.
U.S. Retail
U.S. Retail segment net sales decreased $84.7 million, or 5.6%, to $1.42 billion. The decrease in net sales was driven by lower traffic in our eCommerce channels and in our retail stores, as well as decreased average selling prices per unit. Traffic and demand decreased, in part due to ongoing macroeconomic headwinds negatively impacting families with young children including inflationary pressures, elevated interest rates, increased consumer debt levels, decreased savings rates, and geopolitical unrest. Average selling prices per unit decreased by a mid-single digit percentage due to investments in our pricing and an increased mix of clearance sales. Units sold decreased by a low-single digit percentage.
These factors were partially offset by sales contribution of our new retail stores. Additionally, U.S. Retail saw an improved trend in demand in the second half of fiscal 2024, compared to the first half of fiscal 2024, which we believe reflects the positive impact of our investments in pricing and brand marketing, as well as our enhancements to the in-store and online shopping experience. However, if these macroeconomic headwinds persist, the effects may continue to negatively impact our financial results in fiscal 2025.
Comparable net sales, including retail stores and eCommerce, decreased 6.9%, driven by the factors mentioned above. As of December 28, 2024, we operated 804 retail stores in the U.S. compared to 792 in fiscal 2023.
U.S. Retail segment operating income decreased $57.7 million, or 30.3%, to $132.9 million, due to a decrease in gross profit of $50.0 million and an increase in SG&A expenses of $6.6 million. Segment operating margin decreased 330 bps to 9.4%, primarily driven by a 340 bps increase in SG&A rate. Gross margin was comparable to fiscal 2023 due to decreased average
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cost per unit sold and a benefit recorded in fiscal 2024 related to prior period freight expense, which was offset by our investments in pricing in the second half of fiscal 2024. Average cost per unit sold decreased by a mid-single digit percentage, due to decreased inbound freight rates and product input costs. The increase in the SG&A rate was driven by fixed cost deleverage on decreased net sales, investments in our retail stores and brand marketing, increased retail store rents and employee compensation costs, and increased transportation costs, partially offset by decreased performance-based compensation expense.
U.S. Wholesale
U.S. Wholesale segment net sales increased $6.8 million, or 0.7%, to $1.02 billion, driven by growth in our exclusive Carter’s brands and our Little Planet brand, offsetting lower seasonal demand for our Carter’s brands, decreased sales to low-margin off-price wholesale channel customers as a result of our lower excess inventory levels, and decreased average selling prices per unit. We believe we are well positioned to benefit from consumer demand trends in the mass channel as a result of our strong relationships and exclusive brands with Amazon, Target, and Walmart. Average selling prices per unit decreased by a mid-single digit percentage due to investments in our pricing, while units sold increased by a mid-single digit percentage.
U.S. Wholesale segment operating income increased $18.0 million, or 9.1%, to $217.0 million, due to an increase of gross profit of $19.2 million, partially offset by an increase in SG&A expenses of $0.6 million. Segment operating margin increased 160 bps to 21.2%, driven by a 170 bps increase in gross margin, partially offset by a 10 bps increase in SG&A rate. The increase in gross margin was due to decreased average cost per unit, partially offset by a benefit in excess inventory provisions in fiscal 2023 that did not reoccur in fiscal 2024 and decreased average selling prices per unit mentioned above. Average cost per unit sold decreased by a high-single digit percentage due to decreased ocean freight rates and product input costs. The increase in the SG&A rate was driven by investments in brand marketing, partially offset by decreased performance-based compensation expense and transportation costs.
International
International segment net sales decreased $23.6 million, or 5.5%, to $405.6 million, driven by decreased net sales in Canada, decreased demand from our international wholesale partners in the Middle East and Europe, decreased average selling prices per unit, and a strengthening of the U.S. dollar against other foreign currencies, partially offset by growth in our retail stores in Mexico.
Demand in Canada was negatively affected by ongoing macroeconomic headwinds negatively impacting families with young children, including inflationary pressures, elevated interest rates, and higher unemployment. However, we believe that our investments in pricing and demand for colder weather outfitting contributed to an improved trend in demand in the second half of fiscal 2024 compared to the first half of fiscal 2024.
Changes in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily between the U.S. dollar and the Canadian dollar and the U.S. dollar and the Mexican peso, used for translation in fiscal 2024 had an unfavorable effect on International segment net sales of $7.4 million. Average selling prices per unit decreased by a low-single digit percentage driven by our investment in pricing. Units sold decreased by a low-single digit percentage.
Canadian comparable net sales, including retail stores and eCommerce, decreased 2.7%, driven by decreased traffic in our eCommerce channel and in our retail stores, in part due to macroeconomic headwinds. As of December 28, 2024, we operated 191 retail stores in Canada, compared to 188 at the end of fiscal 2023. As of December 28, 2024, we operated 62 retail stores in Mexico, compared to 54 in fiscal 2023.
International segment operating income decreased $6.2 million, or 13.7%, to $39.0 million, driven by an increase in SG&A expenses of $5.8 million. Segment operating margin decreased 90 bps to 9.6%, driven by a 360 bps increase in SG&A rate, partially offset by a 270 bps increase in gross margin. The increase in gross margin was due to decreased average cost per unit sold, partially offset by decreased selling prices per unit. Average cost per unit sold decreased by a high-single digit percentage due to decreased ocean freight rates and product input costs. The increase in the SG&A rate was due to fixed cost deleverage on decreased sales, investments in our retail stores in Mexico, and increased retail store employee compensation costs, partially offset by decreased performance-based compensation expense.
Unallocated Corporate Expenses
Unallocated corporate expenses include corporate overhead expenses that are not directly attributable to one of our business segments and include unallocated accounting, finance, legal, human resources, and information technology expenses,
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occupancy costs for our corporate headquarters, and other benefit and compensation programs, including performance-based compensation.
Unallocated corporate expenses decreased $4.6 million, or 4.3%, to $102.3 million in fiscal 2024. Unallocated corporate expenses, as a percentage of consolidated net sales, was 3.6%, which was comparable to fiscal 2023. The decrease in consulting costs and performance-based compensation expense was offset by fixed cost deleverage on decreased sales, increased charitable donations, and increased brand management costs.
RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES TO GAAP MEASURES
We have provided non-GAAP adjusted operating income, income taxes, net income, and diluted net income per common share measures, which exclude certain items presented below. We believe that this information provides a meaningful comparison of our results and affords investors a view of what management considers to be our core performance, and we also, from time to time, use some of these non-GAAP measures, such as adjusted operating income, as performance metrics in awards under our annual and long-term incentive compensation plans. These measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative to, generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (GAAP). The most comparable GAAP measures are operating income, income tax provision, net income, and diluted net income per common share, respectively. Adjusted operating income, income taxes, net income, and diluted net income per common share should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported in accordance with GAAP. Other companies may calculate adjusted operating income, income taxes, net income, and diluted net income per common share differently than we do, limiting the usefulness of the measure for comparisons with other companies.
| Fiscal year ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| December 28, 2024 | December 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except earnings per share) | Operating Income | % Net Sales | Income Taxes | Net Income | Diluted Net Income per Common Share | Operating Income | % Net Sales | Income Taxes | Net Income | Diluted Net Income per Common Share | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As reported (GAAP) | $ | 254.7 | 9.0 | % | $ | 45.3 | $ | 185.5 | $ | 5.12 | $ | 323.4 | 11.0 | % | $ | 69.7 | $ | 232.5 | $ | 6.24 | |||||||||||||||||
| Organizational restructuring(1) | 1.8 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 0.04 | 4.4 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 0.09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible asset impairment(2) | 30.0 | 7.2 | 22.8 | 0.63 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partial pension plan settlement(3) | — | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.02 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legal settlement(4) | — | — | — | — | — | (1.7) | (5.3) | (0.14) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As adjusted | $ | 286.6 | 10.1 | % | $ | 52.9 | $ | 210.7 | $ | 5.81 | $ | 327.8 | 11.1 | % | $ | 69.1 | $ | 230.6 | $ | 6.19 |
(1)Related to charges for organizational restructuring in the fiscal year ended December 28, 2024 and organizational restructuring and related corporate office lease amendment actions in the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023.
(2)Related to a non-cash impairment charge on the OshKosh indefinite-lived tradename asset in the fiscal year ended December 28, 2024.
(3)Related to a non-cash partial pension settlement charge in the fiscal year ended December 28, 2024.
(4)In fiscal 2023, a pre-tax adjustment of $6.9 million ($5.3 million net of tax, or $0.14 per diluted share) was made related to a gain on a court-approved settlement in December 2023.
Note: Results may not be additive due to rounding.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our ongoing cash needs are primarily for working capital (consisting primarily of inventory), capital expenditures, employee compensation, interest on debt, the return of capital to our shareholders, and other general corporate purposes. We expect that our primary sources of liquidity will be cash and cash equivalents on hand, cash flow from operations, and available borrowing capacity under our secured revolving credit facility. We believe that our sources of liquidity are sufficient to meet our cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. However, these sources of liquidity may be affected by events described in the “Forward-Looking Statements” section, in our risk factors, as discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time.
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As discussed under the heading “Known or Anticipated Trends” in Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, macroeconomic factors have had a negative impact on consumer sentiment and consumer demand for our products. Continued pressure on consumer sentiment in fiscal 2025 may have an adverse impact on financial results in fiscal 2025. We cannot predict the timing and amount of such impact.
As of December 28, 2024, we had $412.9 million of cash and cash equivalents held at major financial institutions, including $75.3 million held at financial institutions located outside of the United States. We maintain cash deposits with major financial institutions that exceed the insurance coverage limits provided by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in the United States and by similar insurers for deposits located outside the United States. To mitigate this risk, we utilize a policy of allocating cash deposits among major financial institutions that have been evaluated by us and third-party rating agencies as having acceptable risk profiles.
Balance Sheet
Net accounts receivable at December 28, 2024 were $194.8 million compared to $183.8 million at December 30, 2023. The increase of $11.1 million, or 6.0%, primarily reflects the timing of wholesale customer shipments and payments.
Inventories at December 28, 2024 were $502.3 million compared to $537.1 million at December 30, 2023. The decrease of $34.8 million, or 6.5%, was due to decreased days of supply and lower average unit costs. We are currently experiencing stable inventory levels, inventory transit times, and flow of seasonal product in line with our historical experience.
Operating lease assets at December 28, 2024 were $577.1 million compared to $528.4 million at December 30, 2023. The increase of $48.7 million, or 9.2% in operating lease assets was driven by the renewal of a contract with a third-party logistics provider in California for warehousing and distribution purposes and investments in our retail store fleet.
Accounts payable at December 28, 2024 were $248.2 million compared to $242.1 million at December 30, 2023. The increase of $6.1 million, or 2.5%, is driven by the timing of payments for purchases of inventory.
Cash Flow
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $230.3 million, or 43.5%, to $298.8 million. Our cash flow provided by operating activities is driven by net income and changes in our net working capital. The decrease in operating cash flow was driven by smaller reductions in inventory balances due to the sell through of a large portion of prior season inventory in fiscal 2023 and decreased net income.
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities decreased $3.7 million, or 6.2%, to $56.2 million. This decrease in net cash used in investing activities is driven by decreased capital expenditures. Capital expenditures in fiscal 2024 were primarily related to U.S. and international retail store openings and remodels and investments in our distribution facilities. We plan to invest approximately $65 million in capital expenditures in fiscal 2025, which primarily relates to U.S. and international retail store openings and remodels, investments in our distribution facilities, and strategic information technology initiatives.
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities decreased $157.8 million, or 47.4%, to $174.8 million. This change in cash flow used in financing activities was primarily driven by decreased common stock share repurchases and by payments on our secured revolving credit facility in fiscal 2023 that did not reoccur in fiscal 2024.
Share Repurchases
On February 24, 2022, our Board of Directors authorized share repurchases up to $1.00 billion, inclusive of $301.9 million remaining under previous authorizations. The total remaining capacity under outstanding repurchase authorizations as of December 28, 2024 was approximately $599.0 million, based on settled repurchase transactions. The share repurchase authorizations have no expiration dates.
In fiscal 2024, we repurchased and retired 736,423 shares in open market transactions for $50.5 million, at an average price of $68.61 per share. In fiscal 2023, we repurchased and retired 1,446,269 shares in open market transactions for $100.0 million, at an average price of $69.17 per share.
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The Company paused share repurchases during the third quarter of fiscal 2024. Future repurchases may occur from time to time in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise. The timing and amount of any repurchases will be at the discretion of the Company subject to restrictions under the Company’s secured revolving credit facility and considerations given to market conditions, stock price, other investment priorities, excise taxes, and other factors.
Dividends
On February 21, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend payment of $0.80 per common share, payable on March 28, 2025 to shareholders of record at the close of business on March 10, 2025.
In each quarter of fiscal 2024, the Board of Directors declared, and the Company paid, a cash dividend per common share of $0.80 (for an aggregate cash dividend per common share of $3.20 for fiscal 2024). In fiscal 2023, the Board of Directors declared, and the Company paid, a cash dividend per common share of $0.75 (for an aggregate cash dividend per common share of $3.00 for fiscal 2023). Our Board of Directors will evaluate future dividend declarations based on a number of factors, including restrictions under our secured revolving credit facility, business conditions, our financial performance, and other considerations.
Provisions in our secured revolving credit facility could have the effect of restricting our ability to pay cash dividends on, or make future repurchases of, our common stock, as further described in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” under Note 10, Long-Term Debt, to the consolidated financial statements.
Financing Activities
Secured Revolving Credit Facility
As of December 28, 2024, we had no outstanding borrowings under our secured revolving credit facility, exclusive of $4.7 million of outstanding letters of credit. As of December 30, 2023, we had no outstanding borrowings under our secured revolving credit facility, exclusive of $4.4 million of outstanding letters of credit. As of December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023, there was $845.3 million and $845.6 million available for future borrowing, respectively. Any outstanding borrowings under our secured revolving credit facility are classified as non-current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets due to contractual repayment terms under the credit facility. However, these repayment terms also allow us to repay some or all of the outstanding borrowings at any time.
Terms of the Secured Revolving Credit Facility
Our secured revolving credit facility provides for an aggregate credit line of $850 million which includes a $750 million U.S. dollar facility and a $100 million multicurrency facility. The credit facility matures in April 2027. The facility contains covenants that restrict the Company’s ability to, among other things: (i) create or incur liens, debt, guarantees or other investments, (ii) engage in mergers and consolidations, (iii) pay dividends or other distributions to, and redemptions and repurchases from, equity holders, (iv) prepay, redeem or repurchase subordinated or junior debt, (v) amend organizational documents, and (vi) engage in certain transactions with affiliates.
Our secured revolving credit facility provides for a leverage-based pricing grid which determines an interest rate for borrowings, calculated as the applicable floating benchmark rate plus a credit spread adjustment, if any, plus an amount ranging from 1.125% to 1.625% based on leverage. As of December 28, 2024, the borrowing rate for an adjusted term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) loan would have been 5.58%, which includes a leverage-based adjustment of 1.125%.
There were no borrowings in fiscal 2024. Weighted-average borrowings were $45.6 million for fiscal 2023.
As of December 28, 2024, the Company was in compliance with the financial and other covenants under the secured revolving credit facility.
Senior Notes
As of December 28, 2024, TWCC had $500.0 million principal amount of senior notes outstanding, bearing interest at a rate of 5.625% per annum, and maturing on March 15, 2027. On our consolidated balance sheet, the $500.0 million of outstanding senior notes as of December 28, 2024 is reported net of $1.9 million of unamortized issuance-related debt costs, and the $500.0 million of outstanding senior notes as of December 30, 2023 is reported net of $2.6 million of unamortized issuance-related debt costs. TWCC may redeem all or part of the senior notes at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount of the senior notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
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The senior notes mentioned above are unsecured and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Carter’s, Inc. and certain domestic subsidiaries of TWCC. The guarantor subsidiaries are 100% owned directly or indirectly by Carter’s, Inc. and all guarantees are joint, several and unconditional.
The indentures governing the senior notes provides that upon the occurrence of specific kinds of changes of control, unless a redemption notice with respect to all the outstanding senior notes has previously or concurrently been mailed or delivered, we will be required to make an offer to purchase the senior notes at 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to (but excluding) the date of purchase.
The indentures governing the senior notes include a number of covenants, that, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, restrict TWCC’s ability and the ability of certain of its subsidiaries to: (a) incur certain types of indebtedness that is secured by a lien; (b) enter into certain sale and leaseback transactions; and (c) consolidate or merge with or into, or sell substantially all of the issuer’s assets to, another person, under certain circumstances. Terms of the notes contain customary affirmative covenants and provide for events of default which, if certain of them occur, would permit the trustee or the holders of at least 25.0% in principal amount of the then total outstanding senior notes to declare all amounts owning under the notes to be due and payable. Carter’s, Inc. is not subject to these covenants.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
We enter into contractual obligations and commitments in the ordinary course of business that may require future cash payments. Such obligations include: 1) debt repayments and letters of credit (as described in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” under Note 10, Long-Term Debt, to the consolidated financial statements), 2) operating lease liabilities (as described in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” under Note 5, Leases, to the consolidated financial statements) and 3) liabilities related to employee benefit plans (as described in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” under Note 17, Employee Benefit Plans, to the consolidated financial statements).
In addition, we have commitments to purchase inventory in the normal course of business, which are cancellable (with or without penalty, depending on the stage of production) and span a period of one year or less. As of December 28, 2024, our estimate for commitments to purchase inventory was between $450 million and $550 million.
We are unable to reasonably predict future reserves for income taxes, as these are contingent on the ultimate amount or timing of settlement.
Liquidity Outlook
Based on our current outlook, we believe that cash and cash equivalents on hand, cash flow generated from operations, and available borrowing capacity under our secured revolving credit facility will be adequate to meet our working capital needs and capital expenditure requirements for our longer-term strategic plans, although no assurance can be given in this regard.
Seasonality
We experience seasonal fluctuations in our sales and profitability due to the timing of certain holidays and key retail shopping periods, which generally has resulted in lower sales and gross profit in the first half of our fiscal year versus the second half of the fiscal year. Accordingly, our results of operations during the first half of the year may not be indicative of the results we expect for the full year.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Our significant accounting policies are described in our accompanying consolidated financial statements. The following discussion addresses our critical accounting policies and estimates, which are those policies that require management’s most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.
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Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable Allowance
Our revenues, which are reported as Net sales, consist of sales to customers, net of returns, discounts, chargebacks, and cooperative advertising. We recognize revenue when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. Generally, the performance obligation is satisfied when we transfer control of the goods to the customer.
Our retail store revenues, also reported as Net sales, are recognized at the point of sale. Retail sales through our online channels are recognized at time of delivery to the customer. Revenue from omni-channel sales, including buy-online and pick-up in-store, buy-online, ship-to-store, and buy-online, deliver-from-store, are recognized when the product has been picked up by the customer at the store or when the product is physically delivered to the customer. We recognize retail sales returns at the time of transaction by recording adjustments to both revenue and cost of goods sold. Additionally, we maintain an asset, representing the goods we expect to receive from the customer, and a liability for estimated sales returns. There are no accounts receivable associated with our retail customers.
Our accounts receivable reserves for wholesale customers include an allowance for expected credit losses and an allowance for chargebacks. The allowance for expected credit losses includes estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make payments. If the financial condition of a customer were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of its ability to make payments, an additional allowance could be required. Our credit and collections department reviews all past due balances regularly. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when it is probable that the receivable will not be recovered. The allowance for chargebacks is based on historical experience and includes estimated losses resulting from pricing adjustments, short shipments, handling charges, returns, and freight. Provisions for the allowance for expected credit losses are reflected in Selling, general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statement of operations and provisions for chargebacks are reflected as a reduction in Net sales on our consolidated statement of operations.
Cooperative advertising arrangements reimburse customers for marketing activities for certain of our products. For arrangements in which the Company receives a distinct good or service, we record these reimbursements under cooperative advertising arrangements with certain of our major wholesale customers at fair value. Fair value is determined based upon, among other factors, comparable market analysis for similar advertisements when fair value is determinable. We have included the fair value of these arrangements of $0.9 million for fiscal 2024 and $0.6 million for fiscal 2022 as a component of SG&A expenses on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations, rather than as a reduction of Net sales. There were no amounts for cooperative advertising arrangements recorded as a component of SG&A expenses for fiscal 2023. Amounts determined to be in excess of the fair value of these arrangements are recorded as a reduction of net sales. For arrangements in which the Company does not receive a distinct good or service, we record these reimbursements as a reduction of net sales. The majority of the Company’s digital cooperative advertising arrangements are recorded as a reduction of net sales as there was no distinct good or service received by the Company.
Except in very limited circumstances, we do not allow our wholesale customers to return goods to us.
Inventory
Our inventories, which consist primarily of finished goods, are stated approximately at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out basis for wholesale inventory and average cost for retail inventories) or net realizable value. Obsolete, damaged, and excess inventory is carried at net realizable value by establishing reserves after assessing historical recovery rates, current market conditions, and future marketing and sales plans. Rebates, discounts and other cash consideration received from a vendor related to inventory purchases are reflected as reductions in the cost of the related inventory item and are therefore reflected in Cost of goods sold when the related inventory item is sold.
The Company also has minimum inventory purchase commitments, including fabric commitments, with our suppliers which secure a portion of our raw material needs for future seasons. In the event anticipated market sales prices are lower than these committed costs or customer orders are canceled, the Company records an estimated liability reserve for these adverse inventory and fabric purchase commitments. Increases to this reserve are reflected in Costs of goods sold on our consolidated statement of operations.
Impairment of Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
The carrying values of the goodwill and indefinite-lived tradename assets are subject to annual impairment reviews which are performed as of the last day of each fiscal year. Additionally, a review for potential impairment is performed whenever significant events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. The impairment models included in our analysis utilize significant estimates and assumptions to determine asset fair values. A
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deterioration of macroeconomic factors may negatively impact these estimates and assumptions and result in future impairment charges.
Goodwill
The Company performs impairment tests of its goodwill at the reporting unit level. Qualitative and quantitative methods are used to assess for impairment, including the use of discounted cash flows (“income approach”) and relevant data from guideline public companies (“market approach”).
Under a qualitative assessment, we estimate if it is “more likely than not” that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. Qualitative factors may include but are not limited to: macroeconomic conditions; industry and market considerations; cost factors that may have a negative effect on earnings; overall financial performance; and other relevant entity-specific events. If the results of a qualitative test determine that it is “more likely than not” that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then a goodwill impairment test using quantitative assessments must be performed. If it is determined that it is not “more likely than not” that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then no further testing is required.
Under a quantitative assessment for goodwill, we compare the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. We use a 50% weighting of the income approach and a 50% weighting of the market approach to determine the fair value of a reporting unit. The assumptions used in these approaches include revenue growth and profitability, terminal growth rates, discount rates, market multiples, and an implied control premium. Discount rates are dependent upon interest rates and the cost of capital at a point in time. These assumptions are consistent with those we believe hypothetical marketplace participants would use. An impairment is recorded for any excess carrying value above the fair value of the reporting unit, not to exceed the carrying value of goodwill.
In fiscal 2024, the Company performed a quantitative impairment test on the goodwill ascribed to each of the Company’s reporting units and on the value of its indefinite-lived intangible tradename assets as of December 28, 2024. Based upon this assessment, there were no impairments on the value of goodwill.
As of December 28, 2024, goodwill allocated to the Canada reporting unit was $36.8 million. The most recent assessment indicated that the fair value of assets for the Canada reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 13%. Sensitivity tests on the Canada reporting unit showed that a 100 basis point increase in the discount rate or a 100 basis point decrease in the long-term revenue growth rate would not change the conclusion and would not result in an impairment charge. However, a 100 basis point decrease in the revenue growth rates would indicate an goodwill impairment charge of approximately $7 million of the Canada reporting unit. Although the Company determined that no impairment exists for the Canada reporting unit, goodwill ascribed to the Canada reporting unit could be at risk for impairment should macroeconomic factors, including declining consumer sentiment, continue to adversely affect the Company’s financial results.
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
A tradename is considered impaired if the estimated fair value of the tradename is less than the carrying amount. Impairment reviews for an indefinite-lived tradename can be conducted using qualitative analysis, and if necessary, by a quantitative impairment test. If a tradename is considered impaired, we recognize a loss equal to the difference between the carrying amount and the estimated fair value of the tradename. The process of estimating the fair value of a tradename incorporates the relief-from-royalty valuation method, which requires us to make assumptions and to apply judgment, including forecasting revenue growth and profitability and selecting the appropriate terminal growth rate, discount rate, and royalty rate.
As discussed above, the Company performed quantitative impairment assessments on the value of the Company’s indefinite-lived intangible tradename assets as of December 28, 2024. Based on these assessments, a non-cash pre-tax impairment charge of $30.0 million was recorded during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 on our indefinite-lived OshKosh tradename asset to write-down the carrying value to $40.0 million. This impairment charge was the result of decreased actual and projected sales and profitability for our OshKosh brand. Sensitivity tests on the OshKosh indefinite-lived tradename asset showed that a 100 basis point increase in the discount rate, a 500 basis point decrease in the revenue growth rate, or a 50 basis point decrease in the royalty rate would result in further impairment charges of approximately $5 million, $10 million, and $20 million, respectively.
Impairment of Other Long-Lived Assets
We review other long-lived assets, including right of use (“ROU”) lease assets, property, plant, and equipment, definite-lived tradename assets, and customer relationship assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such an asset may not be recoverable. To determine whether there has been a permanent impairment on
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such assets, a recoverability test is performed by comparing anticipated undiscounted future cash flows from the use and eventual disposition of the asset or asset group to the carrying value of the asset. If the undiscounted cash flows are less than the related carrying value of the other long-lived asset, they are written down to their fair value. The process of estimating the fair value requires us to make assumptions and to apply judgment including forecasting revenue growth and profitability, utilizing external market participant assumptions, including estimated market rents, and selecting the appropriate discount rate. Long-lived assets that meet the definition of held for sale will be valued at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell.
We review all stores leases that have been opened for greater than 14 months for impairment on at least an annual basis, or sooner if circumstances so dictate. In determining undiscounted future cash flows for the recoverability test of store leases, we take various factors into account, including the continued market acceptance of our current products, the development of new products, changes in merchandising strategy, retail store cost controls, store traffic, competition, and the effects of macroeconomic factors such as consumer spending. In determining the fair value of store leases, we utilize external market participant assumptions, including market rents per square foot and market rent growth rates.
A deterioration of macroeconomic factors may not only negatively impact the estimated future cash flows used in our cash flow models but may also negatively impact other assumptions used in our analysis, including, but not limited to, the estimated discount rates. Changes in these estimates and assumptions may have a significant impact on our assessment of fair value and result in future impairment charges.
Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses for workers’ compensation, incentive compensation, health insurance, 401(k), and other outstanding obligations are assessed based on actual commitments, statistical trends, and/or estimates based on projections and current expectations, and these estimates are updated periodically as additional information becomes available.
Loss Contingencies
We record accruals for various contingencies including legal exposures as they arise in the normal course of business. We determine whether to disclose and accrue for loss contingencies based on an assessment of whether the risk of loss is remote, reasonably possible, or probable and whether the loss can be reasonably estimated. Our assessment is developed in consultation with our internal and external counsel and other advisers and is based on an analysis of possible outcomes under various strategies. Loss contingency assumptions involve judgments that are inherently subjective and can involve matters that are in litigation, which, by their nature are unpredictable. We believe that our assessment of the probability of loss contingencies is reasonable.
Accounting For Income Taxes
As part of the process of preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our actual current tax exposure (state, federal, and foreign). We assess our income tax positions and record tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting dates. We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. If it is more likely than not that a tax position would not be sustained, then no tax benefit would be recognized. Where applicable, associated interest related to unrecognized tax benefits is recognized as a component of interest expense and associated penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized as a component of income tax expense.
We also assess permanent and temporary differences resulting from differing basis and treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes, such as the carrying value of intangibles, deductibility of expenses, depreciation of property, plant, and equipment, stock-based compensation expense, and valuation of inventories. Temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheets. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income. Actual results could differ from this assessment if sufficient taxable income is not generated in future periods. To the extent we determine the need to establish a valuation allowance or increase such allowance in a period, we must include an expense within the tax provision in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Based on our results for fiscal 2024, a hypothetical 1% increase in our effective tax rate would have resulted in an increase in our income tax expense of $2.3 million.
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Employee Benefit Plans
We sponsor a frozen defined benefit pension plan and other unfunded post-retirement plans. The defined benefit pension and post-retirement plans require an actuarial valuation to determine plan obligations and related periodic costs. Plan valuations require economic assumptions, including expected rates of return on plan assets, discount rates to value plan obligations and employee demographic assumptions including mortality rates. Plan valuations based on the actuarial assumptions used may differ materially from actual results due to changing market and economic conditions. Actual results that differ from the plan valuations are reflected as deferred gains and losses in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within shareholder’s equity. Deferred gains and losses that exceed 10% of the greater of the plan’s projected benefit obligations or market value of assets are amortized to earnings over the average remaining life of inactive plan participants.
Any future obligation under our pension plan not funded from returns on plan assets is expected to be funded from cash flows from operations.
The most significant assumption used to determine the Company’s projected benefit obligation under its defined benefit plans is the discount rate. For further details on rates and assumptions, see Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” under Note 17, Employee Benefit Plans, to the consolidated financial statements.
Stock-Based Compensation Arrangements
We recognize the cost resulting from all stock-based compensation arrangements in the financial statements at grant date fair value. The fair value of stock awards (other than market-based restricted stock awards) is determined based on the quoted closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. Our market-based awards are subject to vesting conditions based on the performance of the Company’s total shareholder return (“TSR”) relative to the TSR of a select group of peer companies over the three-year period. The fair value of market-based restricted stock awards is determined based on a Monte-Carlo simulation valuation model, which requires the use of subjective assumptions including the expected volatility of our stock price, the expected volatility of the peer group’s stock prices, the correlation of our stock price and those of the peer group, the risk-free interest rate, and the expected dividend yield. The fair value of stock options is determined based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the use of subjective assumptions. There have been no issuances of stock options since 2018, and there are no unrecognized compensation costs remaining on outstanding stock options.
Subjective assumptions also include a forfeiture rate assumption for all restricted stock awards and an estimate for the probability that the performance criteria will be achieved for performance-based restricted stock awards. We estimate forfeitures of restricted stock awards based on historical experience and expected future activity. We account for performance-based awards over the vesting term of the awards that are expected to vest based on whether it is probable that the performance criteria will be achieved. We reassess the probability of vesting at each reporting period for awards with performance criteria and adjust stock-based compensation expense based on the probability assessments.
Changes in the subjective assumptions can materially affect the estimate of fair value of stock-based compensation and, consequently, the related amount recognized in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
During the requisite service period, we recognize a deferred income tax benefit for the expense recognized for U.S. GAAP. At time of subsequent vesting, exercise, forfeiture, or expiration of an award, the difference between our actual income tax deduction, if any, and the previously accrued income tax benefit is recognized in our income tax expense/benefit during the current period.