CARLISLE COMPANIES INC (CSL) FY 2024 MD&A

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Carlisle Companies Incorporated (“Carlisle,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is a leading manufacturer and supplier of innovative building envelope products and solutions for more energy-efficient buildings. Through our building products businesses, Carlisle Construction Materials ("CCM") and Carlisle Weatherproofing Technologies ("CWT"), and family of leading brands, we deliver innovative, labor-reducing and environmentally responsible products and solutions to customers through the Carlisle Experience. Carlisle is committed to generating superior stockholder returns and maintaining a balanced capital deployment approach, including investments in our businesses, strategic acquisitions, share repurchases and continued dividend increases.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is designed to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of Company management. All references to “Notes” refer to our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information regarding our consolidated results, segment results, and liquidity and capital resources for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, refer to "Part II—Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K (the "2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K").

Executive Overview

We are pleased to report that 2024 was a successful year for Carlisle with diluted earnings per share ("EPS") from continuing operations of 18.34 which reflects a 29% increase over 2023. We achieved this EPS with 9% revenue growth along with operating margins from continuing operations of 22.8%, and adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") margins of 26.6%, which were supported by resilient and recurring re-roofing revenue which more than mitigated the negative impact from the broader challenging construction environment.

In 2024, we executed on multiple strategic initiatives that strengthened our position as a pure-play building products company. We maintained our commitment to returning capital to stockholders, deploying $1.6 billion to repurchase shares using the proceeds from the divestiture of Carlisle Interconnect Technologies ("CIT"), our last non-building products business. Our acquisition playbook yielded significant results, with nearly $700 million deployed to strengthen our building envelope capabilities, including the strategic additions of MTL Holdings LLC ("MTL"), a leading provider of prefabricated perimeter edge metal systems and non-insulated architectural metal wall systems for commercial, institutional and industrial buildings, and PFB Holdco, Inc ("PFB"), a leading vertically integrated provider of expanded polystyrene and insulation products across Canada and the Midwestern United States. Overall, we believe our 2024 results represented progress in line with the goals outlined in our Vision 2030 strategy.

Vision 2030 positions us to benefit from the widely understood macro-trends, including growing commercial re-roofing demand, an ongoing housing shortage, and our ability to provide energy efficient and labor-saving solutions and systems. Furthermore, our 2024 acquisitions strengthen our position as a leading manufacturer within the building envelope and reinforce our commitment to acquire growth and create value through a superior integration playbook.

15

Table of Contents

Summary Financial Results

(1)Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin are intended to provide investors and others with information about Carlisle's and our segments' performance without the effects of items that, by their nature, tend to obscure core operating results due to potential variability across periods based on the timing, frequency and magnitude of such items. Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures in this MD&A for more information about, and a detailed reconciliation of, these items.

Consolidated Results of Operations

Revenues

The increase in revenues in 2024 primarily reflects higher sales in the non-residential construction end market of $468.6 million as continued inventory normalization and growing re-roof activity led to increased construction activity offset by lower sales in the residential construction end market of $58.1 million.

Revenues by Geographic Area

Gross Profit

Gross profit as a percentage of revenues increased in 2024, driven primarily by volume leverage on strong sales growth in our CCM segment.

16

Table of Contents

Selling and Administrative Expenses

Selling and administrative expenses increased in 2024, primarily due to several factors: a $41.5 million increase in wage and benefit expenses from higher equity incentive compensation and additional headcount from acquisitions; a $22.4 million increase in sales and marketing expenses driven by higher commissions from increased sales volumes; a $19.1 million increase in amortization expense, primarily related to the MTL acquisition; and $12.1 million in acquisition costs from the MTL and the PFB acquisitions.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses were higher in 2024 primarily reflecting an increase in new product development expenses of $5.7 million at our CCM segment and $1.0 million at our CWT segment. The increase in research and development expenses is consistent with a key pillar of Vision 2030 to drive innovation, with a commitment to investing in the creation of new products and solutions that add value through advancements in sustainability and energy and labor efficiencies.

Other Operating Income, net

The change in other operating income, net, primarily reflected a $5.0 million gain from an insurance settlement received in the second quarter of 2024, a $2.3 million reduction in losses from the sale of fixed assets, which occurred in 2023 but not in 2024, and a $1.8 million reduction in losses from fixed asset impairments, which also occurred in 2023 but not in 2024.

Operating Income

Refer to Segment Results of Operations within this MD&A for further information related to segment operating income results.

Interest Expense, net

Interest expense, net of capitalized interest, decreased during 2024 primarily reflecting lower long-term debt balances associated with the redemption in full of $300.0 million of our 0.55% unsecured senior notes due September 1, 2023 (the "2023 Notes") in September 2023 and the redemption in full of $400.0 million of our 3.50% unsecured senior notes due December 1, 2024 (the "2024 Notes") in December 2024. Refer to Note 13 for further information on our long-term debt.

17

Table of Contents

Interest Income

Interest income increased during 2024 primarily relating to higher yields compared to the prior year and a higher invested cash balance due to proceeds from the sale of CIT in the second quarter of 2024.

Other Non-Operating Expense (Income), net

The change in other non-operating expense (income), net in 2024 primarily reflected a $21.1 million loss related to the accelerated recognition of pension actuarial losses within accumulated other comprehensive loss due to the settlements of portions of the Company's pension plan in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes on continuing operations for 2024 is higher than 2023, primarily reflecting higher pre-tax income which equated to higher taxes of $34.3 million.

Refer to Note 8 for further information related to income taxes.

Income from Discontinued Operations

Income from discontinued operations before taxes in 2024 primarily reflected the pre-tax gain on sale of the CIT business of $457.3 million and operating results of $56.7 million compared to the pre-tax loss on the sale of the Carlisle Fluid Technologies ("CFT") business of $82.5 million, partially offset by operating results of $99.5 million from CIT and $17.3 million from CFT in 2023.

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes for discontinued operations primarily reflected a tax provision created from the gain on the sale of CIT in 2024, compared to a tax benefit received due to the loss on sale of CFT in 2023.

Refer to Note 4 for additional information related to discontinued operations.

18

Table of Contents

Segment Results of Operations

Carlisle Construction Materials

This segment produces a complete line of premium energy-efficient single-ply roofing products and warranted roof systems and accessories for the commercial building industry, including ethylene propylene diene monomer (“EPDM”), thermoplastic polyolefin (“TPO”) and polyvinyl chloride (“PVC”) membrane, polyisocyanurate ("polyiso") insulation, and engineered metal roofing and wall panel systems for commercial and residential buildings.

(1)Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin are intended to provide investors and others with information about Carlisle's and our segments' performance without the effects of items that, by their nature, tend to obscure core operating results due to potential variability across periods based on the timing, frequency and magnitude of such items. Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures in this MD&A for more information about, and a detailed reconciliation of, these items.

CCM’s revenue increased in 2024 primarily due to higher sales in the non-residential end market of $428.9 million, driven by inventory normalization and growing re-roof activity from pent-up demand. CCM’s operating margin and adjusted EBITDA margin increase in 2024 primarily reflected the volume leverage on higher sales.

Carlisle Weatherproofing Technologies

This segment produces building envelope solutions that drive energy efficiency and sustainability in commercial and residential applications. Products include high-performance waterproofing and moisture protection products, protective roofing underlayments, fully integrated liquid and sheet applied air/vapor barriers, sealants/primers and flashing systems, roof coatings and mastics, spray polyurethane foam and coating systems for a wide variety of thermal protection applications and other premium polyurethane products, block-molded expanded polystyrene insulation, engineered products for HVAC applications, and premium products for a variety of industrial and surfacing applications.

(1)Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin are intended to provide investors and others with information about Carlisle's and our segments' performance without the effects of items that, by their nature, tend to obscure core operating results due to potential variability across periods based on the timing, frequency and magnitude of such items. Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures in this MD&A for more information about, and a detailed reconciliation of, these items.

CWT’s revenue decreased in 2024 primarily reflecting lower sales in the residential end market of $80.1 million, partially offset by higher sales in the non-residential end market of $39.7 million. CWT’s operating margin and adjusted EBITDA margin decrease in 2024 primarily reflected higher operating costs to support longer term growth initiatives.

19

Table of Contents

Liquidity and Capital Resources

A summary of our cash and cash equivalents by region follows:

We maintain liquidity sources primarily consisting of cash and cash equivalents as well as availability under the Company's Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (as amended, the "Credit Agreement"). In the near term, cash on hand is our primary source of liquidity. The increase in cash and cash equivalents compared to December 31, 2023, is primarily related to cash received from the sale of the CIT business and cash generated from operations, partially offset by cash used on share repurchases, the purchases of MTL and PFB, repayment of senior notes, capital expenditures and payment of dividends to stockholders.

Upon permanent transfer of cash outside of certain jurisdictions, primarily in Canada, we may be subject to withholding taxes, and as such we have accrued $6.3 million in anticipation of those taxes as of December 31, 2024. In addition, in certain countries, primarily China, our cash is subject to local laws and regulations that require government approval for conversion of such cash to U.S. Dollars, as well as for transfer of such cash, both temporarily and permanently outside of that jurisdiction.

We believe we have sufficient cash on hand, availability under the Credit Agreement and operating cash flows to meet our anticipated business requirements for at least the next 12 months. At the discretion of management, the Company may use available cash on capital expenditures, dividends, share repurchases, acquisitions and strategic investments.

We also anticipate we will have sufficient cash on hand, availability under the Credit Agreement and operating cash flows to meet our anticipated long-term business requirements and to pay outstanding principal balances of our existing notes by the respective maturity dates. Another potential source of liquidity is access to public capital markets, subject to market conditions. We may access the capital markets for a variety of reasons, including to repay the outstanding balances of our outstanding debt and fund acquisitions. Refer to Note 13 for further information on long-term debt.

Sources and Uses of Cash and Cash Equivalents

Operating Activities

We generated operating cash flows totaling $1,030.3 million for 2024 (including working capital uses of $29.0 million), compared with $1,201.3 million for 2023 (including working capital sources of $107.6 million). Lower operating cash flows of $171.0 million in 2024 primarily reflected lower operating cash provided by discontinued operations of $173.0 million and an increase in working capital uses of $136.6 million, partially offset by higher income from continuing operations of $146.2 million.

The increase in working capital uses of $136.6 million related to a decrease in cash from higher inventory investments in 2024 of $261.7 million, reflecting the end of destocking of inventory experienced in 2023 and increased construction activity, partially offset by an increase in cash from accounts receivables of $68.1 million related to increased collections and accounts payable of $22.9 million related to higher inventory investments.

20

Table of Contents

Investing Activities

Cash provided by investing activities of $1,229.6 million for 2024 primarily reflected net cash received from the sale of CIT of $1,998.0 million, partially offset by use of an aggregate of $676.9 million to fund the acquisitions of MTL and PFB and capital expenditures of $113.3 million.

Cash provided by investing activities of $352.4 million for 2023 primarily reflected net cash received from the sale of CFT of $510.6 million and proceeds from the sale of assets of $19.0 million, partially offset by capital expenditures of $142.2 million and the use of $36.1 million for the acquisition of a business.

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities of $2,110.2 million for 2024 primarily reflected share repurchases of $1,585.9 million, the redemption of the 2024 Notes of $400.0 million and cash dividend payments of $172.4 million, reflecting the increased annual dividend rate of $4.00 per share.

Cash used in financing activities of $1,349.7 million for 2023 primarily reflected share repurchases of $900.0 million, the redemption of the 2023 Notes of $300.0 million and cash dividend payments of $160.3 million.

Share Repurchases

On August 3, 2023, the Board approved a 7.5 million share increase in the Company's share repurchase program. We repurchased approximately 3.9 million shares in 2024 as part of our plan to return capital to stockholders, utilizing $1,585.9 million of our cash on hand. As of December 31, 2024, we had authority to repurchase 3.5 million shares.

Purchases may occur from time to time over an indefinite period of time in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions and through block trades, and no maximum purchase price has been set. The decision to repurchase shares depends on price, availability and other corporate developments and is subject to the discretion of the Board. The Company plans to continue to repurchase shares in 2025 on an opportunistic basis.

Debt Instruments

Senior Notes

On December 1, 2024, the Company redeemed in full the 2024 Notes at the redemption price of $407.0 million, consisting of the principal amount of $400.0 million and $7.0 million of interest.

We also have unsecured senior notes outstanding of $600.0 million due December 1, 2027 (at a stated interest rate of 3.75%), $750 million due March 1, 2030 (at a stated interest rate of 2.75%) and $550.0 million due March 1, 2032 (at a stated interest rate of 2.20%), each of which are rated BBB by Standard & Poor’s and Baa2 by Moody’s.

Revolving Credit Facility

During 2024, we had $22.0 million in borrowings and repayments under the Credit Agreement with a weighted average interest rate of 8.50%. During 2023, we had $84.0 million in borrowings and repayments under the Company's Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, as amended (the "Prior Credit Agreement"), with a weighted average interest rate of 6.61%. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no borrowings under the Credit Agreement and Prior Credit Agreement, respectively, and $1.0 billion of availability.

Debt Covenants

We are required to meet various covenants and limitations under our senior notes and Credit Agreement, including certain leverage ratios, interest coverage ratios and limits on outstanding debt balances held by certain subsidiaries. We were in compliance with all covenants and limitations as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Refer to Note 13 for further information on our debt instruments.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 1. In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), the Company’s management must make informed decisions which impact the reported amounts and related disclosures. Such

21

Table of Contents

decisions include the selection of the appropriate accounting principles to be applied and assumptions on which to base estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates, including those related to business combinations, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, revenue recognition, and income taxes on an ongoing basis. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, terms of existing contracts, our observation of trends in the industry, information provided by our customers and information available from other outside sources, that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Business Combinations

As noted in "Item 1. Business. Business Strategy", we have a history and a strategy of acquiring businesses. We account for these business combinations as required by GAAP under the acquisition method of accounting, which requires us to recognize the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Deferred taxes are recorded for any differences between fair value and tax basis of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and can vary based on the structure of the acquisition as to whether it is a taxable or non-taxable transaction. To the extent the purchase price of the acquired business exceeds the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including deferred income taxes recorded in connection with the transaction, such excess is recognized as goodwill (see further below for our critical accounting estimate regarding post-acquisition accounting for goodwill). The most critical areas of judgment in applying the acquisition method include selecting the appropriate valuation techniques and assumptions that are used to measure the acquired assets and assumed liabilities at fair value, particularly for intangible assets, contingent consideration, acquired tangible assets such as property, plant and equipment, and inventory.

The key techniques and assumptions utilized by type of major acquired asset or liability generally include:

In selecting techniques and assumptions noted above, we generally engage third-party, independent valuation professionals to assist us in developing the assumptions and applying the valuation techniques to a particular business combination transaction. In particular, the discount rates selected are compared to and evaluated with (i)

22

Table of Contents

the industry weighted-average cost of capital, (ii) the inherent risks associated with each type of asset and (iii) the level and timing of future cash flows appropriately reflecting market participant assumptions.

As noted above, goodwill represents a residual amount of purchase price. However, the primary items that generate goodwill include the value of the synergies between the acquired company and our existing businesses and the value of the acquired assembled workforce, neither of which qualifies for recognition as an intangible asset. Refer to Note 3 for more information regarding business combinations, specifically the items that generated goodwill in our recent acquisitions.

Subsequent Measurement of Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually, or more often if impairment indicators are present, at a reporting unit level. Goodwill is tested for impairment via a one-step process by comparing the fair value of goodwill with its carrying value. We recognize an impairment for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units based on the income approach utilizing the discounted cash flow method and the market approach utilizing the public company market multiple method. The key techniques and assumptions generally include:

We have determined that we have four reporting units and have allocated goodwill to those reporting units as follows:

Annual Impairment Test

We test our goodwill for impairment annually as of November 1. For the November 1, 2024 impairment test, the CCM - Commercial Roofing, CCM - Architectural Metals, CCM - Europe, and CWT reporting units were tested for impairment using a qualitative approach. Under this approach, an entity may assess qualitative factors as well as relevant events and circumstances to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The results of our analysis indicated that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the aforementioned reporting units were less than their carrying values and thus, a quantitative analysis was not performed.

We will continue to closely monitor actual results against expectations and assess whether any significant changes in current events or conditions alter our projections for estimated future cash flows, discount rates and market multiples.

While we believe our conclusions regarding the fair value estimates of our reporting units are appropriate, these estimates are inherently uncertain and involve various judgments and assumptions. Factors influencing these estimates include the growth rate and extent in the markets served by our reporting units, the realization of future sales price and volume increases, fluctuations in exchange rates, fluctuations in price and availability of key raw materials, future operating efficiencies and, with respect to discount rates, volatility in interest rates and the cost of equity.

Refer to Note 11 for more information regarding goodwill.

Subsequent Measurement of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

As discussed above, indefinite-lived intangible assets are recognized and recorded at their acquisition-date fair value. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually, or more

23

Table of Contents

often if impairment indicators are present, at the appropriate unit of account, which is generally the individual asset. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment via a one-step process by comparing the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value. We recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the intangible asset's fair value. We generally estimate the fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets consistent with the techniques noted above using our expectations about future cash flows, discount rates and royalty rates for purposes of the annual test. We monitor for significant changes in those assumptions during interim reporting periods. We also periodically re-assess indefinite-lived intangible assets as to whether their useful lives can be determined, and if so, we would begin amortizing any applicable intangible asset.

Annual Impairment Test

We test our indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually as of November 1. For the November 1, 2024 impairment test, all indefinite-lived intangible assets, except for the Henry trade name related to ASP Henry Holdings, Inc., which we acquired in 2021, within the CWT reportable segment, were tested for impairment using the qualitative approach. The results of our analysis indicated that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the aforementioned indefinite-lived intangible assets were less than their carrying values and thus, a quantitative analysis was not performed over these assets. The Henry trade name was tested for impairment using the quantitative approach described above, resulting in a fair value that substantially exceeded the carrying value.

We will continue to closely monitor actual results against expectations and assess whether any significant changes in current events or conditions alter our projections about future estimated revenues and discount rates. If our expectations of revenues from this trade name do not materialize or if the discount rate increases (based on increases in interest rates, market rates of return or market volatility), we may be required to record intangible asset impairment charges, which may be material.

Refer to Note 11 for more information regarding intangible assets.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of our products or services. Revenue is measured as the amount of total consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Total expected consideration, in certain cases, is estimated at each reporting period, including interim periods, and is subject to change with variability dependent on future events, such as customer behavior related to future purchase volumes, returns, early payment discounts and other customer allowances. Estimates for rights of return, discounts and rebates to customers, and other adjustments for variable consideration are provided for at the time of sale as a deduction to revenue, based on an analysis of historical experience and actual sales data. Changes in these estimates are reflected as an adjustment to revenue in the period identified. Sales, value added and other taxes collected concurrently with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue.

Our critical judgments and estimates associated with revenue recognition primarily related to a group of customer contracts at our CIT business. The profile of these contracts generally included those in which CIT was a contract manufacturer or where CIT entered into an agreement to provide both services (engineering and design) and products resulting from those services and required us to recognize revenue over time, as opposed to a point in time. This required estimates of expected gross margin by customer. While CIT’s revenue is no longer disclosed discretely on the consolidated statement of income, it is included in discontinued operations income before income taxes and discretely disclosed in Note 4.

Income Taxes

Our income tax expense, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits reflect management’s best estimate of current and future taxes to be paid. We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgments and estimates are required in the determination of the consolidated income tax expense.

Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and amounts reported in the financial statements, which will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets in the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies and results of recent operations.

24

Table of Contents

We believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain U.S. federal, state and foreign net operating loss, and credit carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, we have provided a valuation allowance of $51.7 million on the deferred tax assets related to these carryforwards.

We (1) record unrecognized tax benefits as liabilities in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes, and (2) adjust these liabilities when our judgment changes as a result of the evaluation of new information not previously available. Because of the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from our current estimate of the unrecognized tax benefit liabilities. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in the period in which new information is available.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

EBIT, Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin

Earnings before interest and taxes ("EBIT"), adjusted EBIT, adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") and adjusted EBITDA margin are intended to provide investors and others with information about our performance and our segments' performance without the effect of items that, by their nature, tend to obscure core operating results due to potential variability across periods based on the timing, frequency and magnitude of such items. As a result, management believes that these measures enhance the ability of investors to analyze trends in our business and evaluate our performance relative to similarly-situated companies. This information differs from net income, operating income, and operating margin determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance determined in accordance with GAAP. Our and our segments' EBIT, adjusted EBIT, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin follows. These non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

25

Table of Contents

Outlook

Revenues

Our expectations for segment revenues in 2025 follows:

26

Table of Contents

Cash Flows

Our priorities for the use of cash are to invest in growth and performance improvement opportunities for our existing businesses through capital expenditures, pursue strategic acquisitions that meet our stockholder return criteria, pay dividends to stockholders and return value to stockholders through share repurchases.

Capital expenditures in 2025 are expected to be approximately $150 million. Planned capital expenditures for 2025 include new product and capacity expansion, business sustaining projects and cost reduction efforts.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements generally use words such as "expect," "foresee," "anticipate," "believe," "project," "should," "estimate," "will," "plans," "intends," "forecast," and similar expressions, and reflect our expectations concerning the future. Such statements are made based on known events and circumstances at the time of publication and, as such, are subject in the future to unforeseen risks and uncertainties. It is possible that our future performance may differ materially from current expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements, due to a variety of factors such as: increasing price and product/service competition by foreign and domestic competitors, including new entrants; technological developments and changes; the ability to continue to introduce competitive new products and services on a timely, cost-effective basis; our mix of products/services; increases in raw material costs that cannot be recovered in product pricing; domestic and foreign governmental and public policy changes including environmental and industry regulations; the ability of our customers to maintain appropriate labor levels under U.S. immigration laws, policies and practices; the ability to meet our goals relating to our intended reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, including our net zero commitments; threats associated with and efforts to combat terrorism; protection and validity of patent and other intellectual property rights; the identification of strategic acquisition targets and our successful completion of any transaction and integration of our strategic acquisitions; our successful completion of strategic dispositions; the cyclical nature of our businesses; the impact of information technology, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence or data security breaches at our businesses or third parties; the outcome of pending and future litigation and governmental proceedings; the emergence or continuation of widespread health emergencies, including, for example, expectations regarding their impact on our businesses, including on customer demand, supply chains and distribution systems, production, our ability to maintain appropriate labor levels, our ability to ship products to our customers, our future results, or our full-year financial outlook; and the other factors discussed in the reports we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time. In addition, such statements could be affected by general industry and market conditions and growth rates, the condition of the financial and credit markets and general domestic and international economic conditions, including inflation and interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations. Further, any conflict in the international arena, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine and war in the Middle East, may adversely affect general market conditions and our future performance. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which that statement is made, and we undertake no duty to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances, including unanticipated events, after the date on which that statement is made, unless otherwise required by law. New factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all of those factors, nor can it assess the impact of each of those factors on the business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement.