ENERGIZER HOLDINGS, INC. (ENR) FY 2023 MD&A

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion is a summary of the key factors management considers necessary in reviewing the Company's results of operations, operating segment results, and liquidity and capital resources. Statements in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) that are not historical may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

You should read the following MD&A in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and corresponding notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This MD&A contains forward-looking statements. The matters discussed in these forward-looking statements are subject to risk, uncertainties, and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or implied in the forward-looking statements. Please see Part I. Item 1A “Risk Factors” above and “Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements.

All amounts discussed are in millions of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated.

Forward-Looking Statements

This document contains both historical and forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not based on historical facts but instead reflect our expectations, estimates or projections concerning future results or events, including, without limitation, the future sales, gross margins, costs, earnings, cash flows, tax rates and performance of the Company. These statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking words or phrases such as "believe," "expect," "expectation," "anticipate," "may," "could," "intend," "belief," "estimate," "plan," "target," "predict," "likely," "should," "forecast," "outlook," or other similar words or phrases. These statements are not guarantees of performance and are inherently subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict and could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated by those statements. We cannot assure you that any of our expectations, estimates or projections will be achieved. The forward-looking statements included in this document are only made as of the date of this document and we disclaim any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement to reflect subsequent events or circumstances. All forward-looking statements should be evaluated with the understanding of their inherent uncertainty. Numerous factors could cause our actual results and events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements including, but not limited to, those discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors," as updated from time to time in the Company’s SEC filings.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The Company reports its financial results in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (GAAP). However, management believes that certain non-GAAP financial measures provide users with additional meaningful comparisons to the corresponding historical or future period, and are used for management incentive compensation. These non-GAAP financial measures exclude items that are not reflective of the Company's on-going operating performance, such as Project Momentum restructuring and related costs, acquisition and integration costs, an acquisition earn out, an impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, the (gain)/loss on extinguishment of debt, the settlement loss on U.S. pension annuity buyout, the costs of exiting the Russian market, the gain on finance lease termination, the costs of the May 2022 flooding of our Brazilian manufacturing facility, and the one-time impact of Tax structuring. In addition, these measures help investors to analyze year over year comparability when excluding currency fluctuations, acquisition activity as well as other company initiatives that are not on-going. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures are an enhancement to assist investors in understanding our business and in performing analysis consistent with financial models developed by research analysts. Investors should consider non-GAAP measures in addition to, not as a substitute for, or superior to, the comparable GAAP measures. In addition, these non-GAAP measures may not be the same as similar measures used by other companies due to possible differences in method and in the items being adjusted.

We provide the following non-GAAP measures and calculations, as well as the corresponding reconciliation to the closest GAAP measure:

Segment Profit. This amount represents the operations of our two reportable segments including allocations for shared support functions. General corporate and other expenses, amortization expense, impairment of goodwill and intangible

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assets, interest expense, (gain)/loss on extinguishment of debt, other items, net, Project Momentum restructuring and related costs, acquisition and integration costs, an acquisition earn out, settlement loss on U.S. pension annuity buyout, the gain on finance lease termination, the costs of exiting the Russian market and the costs of the flooding of our Brazilian manufacturing facility have all been excluded from segment profit.

Adjusted net earnings and Adjusted Diluted net earnings per common share (EPS). These measures exclude the impact of Project Momentum restructuring and related costs, costs related to acquisition and integration, an acquisition earn out, an impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, the (gain)/loss on extinguishment of debt, the settlement loss on U.S. pension annuity buyout, the gain on finance lease termination, the costs of exiting the Russian market, the costs of the flooding of our Brazilian manufacturing facility and the one-time impact of Tax structuring.

Non-GAAP Tax Rate. This is the tax rate when excluding the pre-tax impact of Project Momentum restructuring and related costs, acquisition and integration costs, an acquisition earn out, an impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, the (gain)/loss on extinguishment of debt, the settlement loss on U.S. pension annuity buyout, the gain on finance lease termination, the costs of exiting the Russian market and the costs of the flooding of our Brazilian manufacturing facility, as well as the related tax impact for these items, calculated utilizing the statutory rate for where the impact was incurred, as well as the one-time impact of Tax structuring.

Organic. This is the non-GAAP financial measurement of the change in revenue or segment profit that excludes or otherwise adjusts for the change in Russia and Argentina operations and the impact of currency from the changes in foreign currency exchange rates as defined below:

Change in Russia Operations. The Company exited the Russian market in the second quarter of fiscal 2022 due to the increased global and economic and political uncertainty resulting from the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. This adjusts for the change in Russian sales and segment profit from the prior year post exit.

Change in Argentina Operations. The Company is presenting separately all changes in sales and segment profit from our Argentina affiliate due to the designation of the economy as highly inflationary as of July 1, 2018.

Impact of currency. The Company evaluates the operating performance of our Company on a currency neutral basis. The Impact of Currency is the change in foreign currency exchange rates year-over-year on reported results, which is calculated by comparing the value of current year foreign operations at the current period USD exchange rate versus the value of current year foreign operations at the prior period USD exchange rate. The impact of currency also includes gains/(losses) of currency hedging programs, and it excludes hyper-inflationary markets.

Adjusted Gross Profit, Adjusted Gross Margin, adjusted Selling, General & Administrative (SG&A) as a percent of sales and adjusted Other items, net. Details for adjusted gross margin, adjusted SG&A as a percent of sales and adjusted Other items, net are also supplemental non-GAAP measure disclosures. These measures exclude the impact of Project Momentum restructuring and related costs, acquisition and integration costs, an acquisition earn out, the settlement loss on U.S. pension annuity buyout, the gain on finance lease termination, the costs of exiting the Russian market and the costs of the flooding of our manufacturing facility in Brazil.

Coronavirus (COVID-19)

We continue to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our businesses and the overall economy. Uncertainty regarding any future impact of the pandemic on our businesses remains, and such impacts will ultimately depend on the length and severity of the pandemic, among other factors.

Macroeconomic Environment

We continue to operate in an inflationary environment where macro-economic pressures and geopolitical instability are expected to continue into fiscal year 2024. While we did not experience significant disruptions in our operations in fiscal 2023, the risks of future negative impacts due to transportation, logistical or supply constraints and higher commodity costs for certain raw materials remain present, and the Company could continue to experience corresponding incremental costs and gross margin pressures.

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Exit of Russian Market

During the second quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company exited the Russian market due to global economic and political uncertainty related to the conflict between Russian and the Ukraine and the resultant sanctions imposed on Russia.

While neither Russia nor Ukraine constitutes a material portion of our business, a significant escalation or expansion of economic disruption or the conflict's current scope could disrupt our supply chain, broaden inflationary costs, and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Our Russian subsidiary comprised approximately one percent of our business.

With the decision to exit the Russian market, the Company terminated the employment of all our Russian colleagues and reviewed our Russian assets for impairment. Exiting the Russian market resulted in additional Costs of products sold of $1.3 related to the impairment of inventory in Russia and shipping costs to get inventory to other markets, impairment of other assets and severance recorded to SG&A of $5.8, and currency impacts recorded in Other items, net of $7.5 in fiscal 2022.

Brazil Manufacturing Plant Flood

In May 2022, the Company's Jaboatao, Brazil battery manufacturing facility had severe flooding due to historic levels of rain in the area. The plant was not operational for the month of June, however some production began again in July and was back on line in fiscal 2023. For the twelve months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded costs related to the flood net of insurance proceeds of $9.7 in Cost of products sold, primarily related to damaged inventory at the plant. In fiscal 2023, the insurance claim was settled and no further losses are expected.

Recent Acquisitions

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company entered into an agreement with FDK Corporation to acquire its subsidiary PT FDK Indonesia, a battery manufacturing facility. On October 1, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition for a contractual purchase price of $18.2. After contractual and working capital adjustments, the Company paid cash of $16.9 and a working capital adjustment of $0.7 during fiscal 2021. The acquisition of the FDK Indonesia facility increased the Company's alkaline battery production capacity and allows us to avoid future planned capital expenditures.

On December 1, 2020 the Company acquired a North Carolina-based company that specializes in developing formulations for cleaning tasks. Their products are both sold to customers directly and licensed to manufacturers. This acquisition is expected to bring significant innovation capabilities in formulations to our organization. The purchase price and total cash paid for the acquisition was $51.2. During fiscal 2022, the working capital settlement was finalized, reducing the purchase price by $1.0.

On January 2, 2019, the Company acquired Spectrum Brands Holdings, Inc.'s (Spectrum) global battery, lighting and portable power business (Battery Acquisition) including the brands Rayovac® and Varta®. The acquisition expanded our battery portfolio globally with the addition of a strong value brand. On January 2, 2020, the Company sold the Varta® consumer battery business in the Europe, Middle East and Africa regions, including manufacturing and distribution facilities in Germany.

On January 28, 2019, the Company acquired Spectrum’s global auto care business, including Armor All®, STP®, and A/C PRO® brands (Auto Care Acquisition).

Acquisition and Integration Costs

The Company incurred pre-tax acquisition and integration costs related to the above acquisitions of $16.5 and $68.9 in the twelve months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, respectively. There were no acquisition and integration costs during the twelve months ended September 30, 2023.

Pre-tax costs recorded in Costs of products sold were $6.0 and $33.7 for the twelve months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, respectively, which primarily related to facility exit and integration restructuring costs of $5.2 and $31.9 as discussed in Note 5, Restructuring.

Pre-tax acquisition and integration costs recorded in SG&A were $9.4 and $40.0 for the twelve months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. In fiscal 2022, the SG&A expenses primarily related to the integration of acquired information technology systems, consulting costs, and retention-related compensation costs. In fiscal 2021, the SG&A expenses

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primarily related to consulting fees for the 2020 restructuring program, success incentives, and costs of integrating the information technology systems of the Battery and Auto Care Acquisition businesses.

For the twelve months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 the Company recorded $1.1 each year in Research and development.

Included in Other items, net was pre-tax income of $5.9 in the twelve months ended September 30, 2021. The pre-tax income was primarily driven by the gain on a sale of assets of $3.3, which was part of the integration restructuring discussed in Note 5, Restructuring.

Restructuring Costs

In November 2022, the Board of Directors approved a profit recovery program, Project Momentum, which includes an enterprise-wide restructuring focused on recovering operating margins, optimizing our manufacturing, distribution and global supply chain networks, and enhancing our organizational efficiency across the Company. In July 2023, the Company's Board of Directors approved an expansion of this program to include an additional year, which will allow for additional optimization of our battery manufacturing, distribution and global supply chain networks, further review of our global real estate footprint and the implementation of IT systems that will allow us to streamline our organization and fully execute the program and increase the savings by $50 annually.

The restructuring component of the program is now expected to generate $115 to $130 of annual pre-tax savings, and the Company estimates that it will incur one-time cash operating costs of $95 to $110, non-cash costs of $12, and capital expenditures of $70 to $80 over the three year program. Additionally, along side the restructuring component of the program, Project Momentum includes continuous improvement and working capital initiatives that are designed to strengthen our balance sheet, focus on cash flow, and generate P&L savings of approximately $15 to $20 annually. Total expected pre-tax savings of Project Momentum are between $130 and $150 by the end of fiscal year 2025, with approximately $54 of those savings recognized in fiscal year 2023.

In the fourth fiscal quarter of 2019, the Company began implementing restructuring related integration plans for our manufacturing and distribution networks. These plans include the closure and combination of distribution and manufacturing facilities in order to reduce complexity and realize greater efficiencies in our manufacturing, packaging and distribution processes. All activities within this plan were substantially complete by December 31, 2021.

Part of this plan was the exit of our Dixon, IL leased packaging facility, which the Company vacated during the first quarter of fiscal 2022. In the third quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company entered into a termination agreement with the landlord. The Company terminated the lease agreement, which went into 2028, reducing the finance lease obligations by $9.8. The termination agreement required the Company to pay a termination fee of $4.0, as well as decommissioning costs and brokerage fees. Since the Company has already vacated the facility as part of the 2019 restructuring program, most assets associated with the location have already been fully depreciated. The termination of this lease resulted in a gain of $4.5 recognized in Other items, net during fiscal 2022.

In the fourth fiscal quarter of 2020, the Company initiated a new restructuring program with a primary focus on reorganizing our global end-to-end supply chain network and ensuring accountability by category. This program includes streamlining the Company’s end-to-end supply chain model to enable rapid response to category specific demands and enhancing our ability to better serve our customers. Planning and execution of this program began in fiscal year 2021, with all programs substantially complete by December 31, 2021.

The total pre-tax expense related to these restructuring plans for the twelve months ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $59.7, $1.7, and $36.8, respectively. These consisted of charges for employee severance, retention, related benefit costs, accelerated depreciation, asset write-offs, relocation and decommissioning costs, environmental investigatory and mitigation costs, consulting costs and other exit costs, offset by a gain on finance lease termination in fiscal 2022 and a gain on sale of fixed assets in fiscal 2021. The costs were reflected in Cost of products sold, Selling, general and administrative expense, Research and development, and Other items, net on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income.

Although the Company's restructuring costs are recorded outside of segment profit, if allocated to our reportable segments, the restructuring costs noted above fiscal 2023 would have been included in our Batteries & Lights and Auto Care segments in the amount of $52.7 and $7.0, respectively. The restructuring costs noted above for fiscal year 2022 would have been included in our Batteries & Lights and Auto Care segments in the amount of $1.3 and $0.4, respectively. The restructuring

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costs noted above for fiscal year 2021 would have been incurred within our Batteries & Lights and Auto Care segments in the amount of $30.7 and $6.1, respectively.

Total pre-tax charges related to Project Momentum since inception was $60.6. Total pre-tax charges relating to the 2019 restructuring program since inception was also $60.6. Total pre-tax charges relating to the 2020 restructuring program since inception are $19.4.

Fiscal 2022 marked the conclusion of the 2019 and 2020 Restructuring programs. The full amount of savings are now included within our run-rate cost structure. Energizer estimates that total project savings were approximately $55 to $60. The primary impact of the savings were reflected in Cost of products sold. Savings related to the restructuring programs have been fully realized as of September 30, 2022. We do not expect to incur additional material charges for these programs.

Refer to Note 5 Restructuring for further detail.

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Overview

General

Energizer, through its operating subsidiaries, is one of the world’s largest manufacturers, marketers and distributors of household batteries, specialty batteries and lighting products, and a leading designer and marketer of automotive appearance, performance, refrigerant, and freshener products. Energizer manufactures, markets and/or licenses one of the most extensive product portfolios of household batteries, specialty batteries, auto care products and portable lights. Energizer is the beneficiary of over 100 years of expertise in the battery and portable lighting products industries. Its brand names, Energizer, Eveready and Rayovac, have worldwide recognition for innovation, quality and dependability, and are marketed and sold around the world.

Energizer has a long history of innovation within our categories. Since our commercialization of the first dry-cell battery in 1893 and the first flashlight in 1899, we have been committed to developing and marketing new products to meet evolving consumer needs and consistently advancing battery technology as the universe of devices powered by batteries has evolved. Over the past 100+ years we have developed or brought to market:

•the first flashlight;

•the first dry cell alkaline battery;

•the first mercury-free alkaline battery; and

•Energizer Ultimate Lithium®, the world’s longest-lasting AA and AAA battery for high-tech devices.

Energizer offers batteries using many technologies including lithium, alkaline, carbon zinc, nickel metal hydride, zinc air, and silver oxide. These products are sold globally under the Energizer, Eveready and Rayovac brands, including hearing aid batteries, and the Varta brand in Latin America and Asia Pacific. These products include primary, rechargeable, specialty and hearing aid batteries and are offered in the performance, premium and price segments.

In addition, we offer auto care products in the appearance, fragrance, performance and air conditioning recharge product categories. The appearance and fragrance categories include protectants, wipes, tire and wheel care products, glass cleaners, leather care products, air fresheners and washes designed to clean, shine, refresh and protect interior and exterior automobile surfaces under the brand names Armor All, Nu Finish, Refresh Your Car!, LEXOL, Eagle One, California Scents, Driven, Bahama & Co, Carnu, Grand Prix, Kit and Tempo.

The performance product category includes STP branded fuel and oil additives, functional fluids and other performance chemical products that benefit from a rich heritage in the car enthusiast and racing scenes, characterized by a commitment to technology, performance and motor sports partnerships for over 60 years. The brand equity of STP also provides for attractive licensing opportunities that augment our presence in our core performance categories.

The air conditioning recharge product category includes do-it-yourself automotive air conditioning recharge products led by the A/C PRO brand name, along with other refrigerant and recharge kits, sealants and accessories.

In addition, we offer an extensive line of lighting products designed to meet a variety of consumer needs. We distribute and market lighting products including handheld, headlights, lanterns, and area lights. In addition to the Energizer, Eveready and Rayovac brands, we market our flashlights under the Hard Case, Dolphin, and WeatherReady® sub-brands. In addition to batteries and portable lights, Energizer licenses the Energizer, Eveready and Rayovac brands to companies developing consumer solutions in solar, automotive batteries, portable power for critical devices (like smart phones), generators, power tools, household light bulbs and other lighting products.

Through our global supply chain, global manufacturing footprint and seasoned commercial organization, we seek to meet diverse customer demands within each of the markets we serve. Energizer distributes its portfolio of batteries, auto care and lighting products through a global sales force and global distributor model. We sell our products in multiple retail and business-to-business channels, including: mass merchandisers, club, electronics, food, home improvement, dollar store, auto, drug, hardware, e-commerce, convenience, sporting goods, hobby/craft, office, industrial, medical and catalog.

We use the Energizer name and logo as our trademark as well as those of our subsidiaries. Product names appearing throughout are trademarks of Energizer. This MD&A also may refer to brand names, trademarks, service marks and trade names of other companies and organizations, and these brand names, trademarks, service marks and trade names are the property of their respective owners.

Operations for Energizer are managed via two major reportable product groupings: Battery & Lights and Auto Care.

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Financial Results

Net earnings for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023 was $140.5, or $1.94 per diluted common share, compared to Net loss of $231.5, or a loss of $3.37 per diluted common share, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, and Net earnings of $160.9, or $2.11 per diluted common share, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021.

Net earnings/(loss) and diluted net earnings/(loss) per common share for the time periods presented were impacted by certain items related to Project Momentum restructuring and related costs, costs related to acquisition and integration, an acquisition earn out, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, the (gain)/loss on extinguishment of debt, the settlement loss on U.S. pension annuity buy out, the costs of exiting the Russian market, the gain on finance lease termination, the costs of the flooding of our manufacturing facility in Brazil, and the one-time impact of Tax structuring as described in the tables below. The impact of these items on reported net earnings/(loss) and reported diluted net earnings/(loss) per common share are provided below as a reconciliation to arrive at respective non-GAAP measures. See disclosure under Non-GAAP Financial Measures above.

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Currency, excluding hyperinflationary markets, had an adverse impact to fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022. Earnings before income tax was negatively impacted by $21.3, or $0.23 per share, compared to the prior year.

Currency, excluding hyperinflationary markets, had an adverse impact to fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021. Earnings before income tax was negatively impacted by $25.9, or $0.29 per share, compared to the prior year.

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(1) Project Momentum Restructuring and related costs were included in the following lines in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income:

(2) Acquisition and integration costs were included in the following lines in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income:

(3) This represents the estimated earn out achieved through September 30, 2022 and 2021 under the incentive agreements entered into with the Formulations Acquisition and is recorded in SG&A on the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income.

(4) The Settlement loss is due to the execution of a partial retiree annuity buy out on the U.S. pension plan in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023. This charge is included in Other items, net in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income.

(5) These are the costs associated with the Company's exit of the Russian market during the second quarter of fiscal 2022. Exiting the Russian market resulted in additional COGS of $1.3 related to the impairment of inventory in Russia and shipping costs to get inventory to other markets, impairment of other assets and severance recorded to SG&A of $5.8, and currency impacts recorded in Other items, net of $7.5 in fiscal 2022.

(6) This represents the termination of finance lease in fiscal 2022 associated with a facility that was exited as part of the Company's 2019 Restructuring program. The gain was recorded in Other items, net in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income.

(7) These are the costs associated with the May 2022 flooding of our Brazilian manufacturing facility, net of insurance proceeds, which were recorded in COGS. The majority is related to damaged inventory.

(8) The effective tax rate for the Adjusted - Non-GAAP Net earnings and Diluted net earnings per common share was 21.2%, 19.5% and 22.6% for the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as calculated utilizing the statutory rate for where the costs were incurred.

(9) Represents the impact of a reduction to deferred tax liabilities due to tax structuring activities.

(10) During the year ended September 30, 2022, the mandatory convertible preferred shares were converted to approximately 4.7 million common stock. The full conversion was dilutive and the mandatory preferred stock dividends are excluded from net earnings in the Adjusted dilution calculation. In addition, the dilutive restricted stock unit awards are included in the shares calculation on an adjusted basis.

For the twelve months ended September 30, 2021, the conversion of the mandatory convertible preferred stock is not dilutive and the mandatory preferred stock dividends are included in the adjusted dilution calculation.

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Operating Results

Net sales for the year ended September 30, 2023 were $2,959.7, a decrease of 3.0% from the prior year. Organic net sales decreased 1.0% primarily due to:

•Volume declines of approximately 7.5% due to lower category volumes across both battery and auto care from higher retail pricing and general economic conditions impacting category performance and weaker battery performance across non-tracked channels;

•Volume declines of approximately 1.0% from the planned exit of low margin business, a decline in our sales to device manufacturers due to their delay of new product launches and fourth quarter lost battery distribution in international markets; and

•Partially offsetting these declines was the continued benefit of global pricing actions in both the battery and auto care businesses which increased organic sales by approximately 7.5%.

Net sales for the year ended September 30, 2022 were $3,050.1, an increase of 0.9%. Organic net sales increased 3.1% primarily due to:

•Pricing executed in both battery and auto care drove an organic increase of approximately 7.6%; and

•New distribution globally across both battery and auto care contributed approximately 0.8% to organic growth.

•Offsetting these increases was a net volume decrease of approximately 5.3% as a result of lapping the elevated battery demand in the prior year and declines in both battery and auto care related to the previously mentioned pricing actions.

For further discussion regarding net sales in each of our reportable product segments, including a summary of reported versus organic changes, please see the section titled “Segment Results” provided below.

Gross Profit

Gross profit dollars were $1,124.0 in fiscal 2023 versus $1,119.5 in fiscal 2022. Excluding the current year Project Momentum restructuring costs of $29.9, and the prior year integration costs of $6.0, impact of costs from the flooding of our Brazilian manufacturing facility of $9.7 and exiting the Russian market of $1.3, gross profit dollars were $1,153.9 in fiscal 2023 versus $1,136.5 in fiscal 2022. The increase in gross profit dollars was driven by the positive impact of executed price increases in battery and auto care and Project Momentum savings of approximately $47. Partially offsetting these margin impacts were higher operating costs, including raw material costs, as well as adverse currency impacts.

Gross profit dollars were $1,119.5 in fiscal 2022 versus $1,161.4 in fiscal 2021. Excluding the fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 acquisition and integration costs of $6.0 and $33.7, respectively, and the fiscal 2022 impact of costs from the flooding of our Brazilian manufacturing facility of $9.7 and exiting the Russian market of $1.3, gross profit dollars were $1,136.5 in fiscal 2022 versus $1,195.1 in fiscal 2021. The decrease in gross profit dollars was driven by higher operating costs, including transportation, material and labor costs, consistent with ongoing inflationary trends. The later part of fiscal 2022 was further impacted by operating inefficiencies related to reduced production volumes as the Company lowered overall inventory levels on hand. Partially offsetting these margin impacts was the positive impact of executed price increases in battery and auto care, the elimination of fiscal 2021 COVID-19 costs and synergies of approximately $6.

Gross margin as a percent of Net sales for fiscal 2023 was 38.0% versus 36.7% in the prior year. Excluding the current year Project Momentum restructuring costs and the prior year costs from the flooding of our Brazilian manufacturing facility, exiting the Russian market and integration costs, the gross margin was 39.0% for the fiscal year, up 170 basis points from prior

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year. Gross margin as a percent of Net sales for fiscal 2022 was 36.7% versus 38.4% in fiscal 2021. Excluding the fiscal 2022 and 2021 acquisition and integration costs, and the fiscal 2022 impact of costs from the flooding of our Brazilian manufacturing facility and exiting the Russian market, gross margin was 37.3%, down 230 basis points from prior year.

Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A)

SG&A expenses were $489.4 in fiscal 2023, or 16.5% of net sales, as compared to $484.5, or 15.9% of net sales for fiscal 2022, and $487.2, or 16.1% of net sales for fiscal 2021. Included in SG&A in fiscal 2023 and 2022 were Project Momentum restructuring and related costs of $30.0 and $0.9, respectively. Included in 2022 and 2021 were acquisition and integration costs of $9.4 and $40.0, respectively, and an acquisition earn out of $1.1 and $3.4, respectively, related to the Formulations Acquisition. Fiscal 2022 also included $5.8 related to the exit of the Russian market.

In fiscal 2023, SG&A excluding Project Momentum restructuring and related costs was $459.4 or 15.5%, compared to fiscal 2022 of $467.3 or 15.3%, when excluding acquisition and integration costs, the earn out, costs from exiting the Russian market and Project Momentum restructuring and related costs. The year-over-year decrease was primarily driven by Project Momentum savings, favorable currency impacts and lower environmental costs this year due to a charge taken in the prior year related to a legacy facility that has been sold by the Company. These decreases were partially offset by higher compensation expense and factoring fees in fiscal 2023.

In fiscal 2022, SG&A excluding acquisition and integration costs, the earn out, costs from exiting the Russian market

and Project Momentum restructuring and related costs was $467.3 or 15.3%, compared to fiscal 2021 of $443.8 or 14.7%. The increase was primarily driven by increased environmental costs related to a legacy facility that has been sold by the Company, recycling fees, travel and higher IT spending related to our investment in digital transformation.

Advertising and Sales Promotion (A&P)

A&P was $142.3 in fiscal 2023, an increase of $5.2 as compared to fiscal 2022 expense of $137.1. A&P was $162.1 in fiscal 2021. A&P as a percent of net sales was 4.8%, 4.5% and 5.4% in fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Research and Development (R&D)

R&D expense was $32.9 in fiscal 2023, $34.7 in fiscal 2022, $34.5 in fiscal 2021. As a percent of net sales, R&D expense was consistent as a percentage of sales at 1.1% in all three fiscal years.

Amortization Expense

Amortization expense was $59.4, $61.1 and $61.2 in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The current year reduction is due to intangibles acquired as part of the Battery acquisition now being fully amortized, partially offset by the increased amortization from the STP trade name in fiscal 2023.

Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets

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No impairment of goodwill and intangible assets was recorded in fiscal 2023 or 2021. Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets for fiscal 2022 was $541.9. This included a non-cash impairment on the Armor All trade name of $370.4, STP trade name of $26.3, Rayovac trade name of $127.8 and a non-cash impairment related to the Auto Care International reporting unit goodwill of $17.4. For Armor All and STP, the non-cash impairments were primarily due to declines in their respective Auto Care category projections late in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, significant increases in input costs, and a higher discount rate. The Rayovac non-cash impairment was primarily caused by significant sustained currency headwinds in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, which were expected to, and did, continue into fiscal 2023, a decrease in the branded sales forecast, increases in input costs, and a higher discount rate. The goodwill non-cash impairment was primarily driven by significant sustained currency headwinds in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, which were expected to, and did, continue into fiscal 2023, declines in the Auto Care category projections late in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, and an increased discount rate.

Interest expense

Interest expense for fiscal 2023 was $168.7, as compared to fiscal 2022 expense of $158.4 and $161.8 in fiscal 2021. The increased interest expense in fiscal 2023 was due to higher interest rates compared to fiscal 2022, partially offset by lower average outstanding debt in the current year. The decrease in fiscal 2022 from fiscal 2021 was due to the Company continuing to take advantage of favorable debt markets in fiscal 2021 and refinancing its long-term debt.

(Gain)/loss on extinguishment of debt

The Gain on the extinguishment of debt was $1.5 for fiscal year 2023 and related to the Company's retirement of $25.0 of outstanding Senior Notes at a discount and the early repayment of $188.0 outstanding on the term loan in the current year.

The loss on the extinguishment of debt was $103.3 for fiscal year 2021 and relates to the Company's refinancing of its €650.0 Senior Notes due in 2026 in June 2021, the redemption of the $600.0 Senior Notes due in 2027 in January 2021 and the term loan refinancing in December 2020. The Company also amended certain covenants in its credit agreement, which created additional capacity and flexibility.

Other Items, Net

Other items, net was expense of $57.1, $7.3 and income of $2.9 in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is summarized below:

Income Taxes

For fiscal 2023, the effective tax rate was 20.0%. Excluding the impact of our non-GAAP adjustments, the year to date adjusted effective tax rate was 21.2% as compared to 19.5% in the prior year. The increase in the rate versus prior year is primarily due to the release of reserves from statute limitations and settlements with tax authorities in the prior year.

For fiscal 2022, the effective tax rate was a benefit of 24.2%. The current year rate was unfavorably impacted by the tax impact of the goodwill impairment. Excluding the impact of our non-GAAP adjustments, the year to date adjusted effective

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tax rate was 19.5% as compared to 22.6% in the prior year. The decrease in the rate versus prior year is primarily due to the release of reserves from statute limitations and settlements with tax authorities.

For fiscal 2021, the effective tax rate was 4.3%. The current year rate was favorably impacted by tax structuring resulting in a reduction to a deferred tax liability and the favorable tax impact resulting from the refinancing of the €650.0 Senior Notes due in 2026 in June 2021. Excluding the impact of our non-GAAP adjustments, the year to date adjusted effective tax rate was 22.6% as compared to 23.3% in the prior year. The decrease in the rate versus prior year is due to the favorable return to provision adjustments and decreases in certain limited expenses.

Energizer’s effective tax rate is highly sensitive to the mix of countries from which earnings or losses are derived. Declines in earnings in lower tax rate countries, earnings increases in higher tax rate countries, repatriation of foreign earnings or foreign operating losses in the future could increase future tax rates. In addition, the enactment of legislation implementing changes in the U.S. on the taxation of international business activities or the adoption of other U.S. tax reform could impact our effective tax rate in the future.

Argentina Hyperinflation

Effective July 1, 2018, the financial statements for our Argentina subsidiary are consolidated under the rules governing the translation of financial information in a highly inflationary economy. Under U.S. GAAP, an economy is considered highly inflationary if the cumulative inflation rate for a three year period meets or exceeds 100 percent. The Argentina economy exceeded the three year cumulative inflation rate of 100 percent as of June 2018 and remains highly inflationary as of September 30, 2023. If a subsidiary is considered to be in a highly inflationary economy, the financial statements of the subsidiary must be remeasured into the Company’s reporting currency (U.S. dollar) and future exchange gains and losses from the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities are reflected in current earnings, rather than exclusively in the equity section of the balance sheet, until such time as the economy is no longer considered highly inflationary. It is difficult to determine what continuing impact the use of highly inflationary accounting for Argentina may have on our consolidated financial statements as such impact is dependent upon movements in the applicable exchange rates between the local currency and the U.S. dollar and the amount of monetary assets and liabilities included in our affiliates balance sheet.

Segment Results

During fiscal year 2022, the Company changed its reportable and operating segments from two geographical segments, previously Americas and International, to two product groupings, Battery & Lights and Auto Care. This change came with the completion of the Battery and Auto Care Acquisition integrations in fiscal 2022. The Company changed its reporting structure to better reflect what the chief operating decision maker is reviewing to make organizational decisions and resource allocations.

Segment performance is evaluated based on segment operating profit, exclusive of general corporate expenses (including share-based compensation costs), amortization of intangibles, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, acquisition and integration activities, Project Momentum restructuring and related costs, acquisition earn out, the costs of the flooding of our manufacturing facility in Brazil, the costs of exiting the Russian market, the settlement loss on U.S. pension annuity buy out and other items determined to be corporate in nature. Financial items, such as interest income and expense, gain on finance lease termination and (gain)/loss on extinguishment of debt are managed on a global basis at the corporate level. The exclusion of acquisition and integration and Project Momentum restructuring and related costs from segment results reflects management’s view on how it evaluates segment performance. The Company also excludes amortization of intangibles and impairment of goodwill and intangible assets from segments as these are non-cash items related to the original purchase of the intangibles and not utilized to evaluate current segment performance.

Energizer’s operating model includes a combination of standalone and shared business functions between the product segments, varying by country and region of the world. Shared functions include the sales and marketing functions, as well as human resources, IT and finance shared service costs. Energizer applies a fully allocated cost basis, in which shared business functions are allocated between segments. Such allocations are estimates, and do not represent the costs of such services if performed on a standalone basis.

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Total net sales for the twelve months ended September 30, 2023 decreased 3.0%, due to organic sales decline of $31.6, or 1.0%, a decrease in sales from exiting the Russian market of $12.6, or 0.4%, a $5.3 decrease from our Argentina operations, which were deemed to be highly inflationary, and unfavorable impact of currency of $40.9, or 1.4%. Segment sales results for the twelve months ended September 30, 2023 are as follows:

•Batteries & Lights net sales declined 3.4% versus the prior fiscal year, which included organic net sales decline of 1.0%. The organic decrease was driven by category declines from higher retail pricing and general economic conditions impacting category performance and weaker performance at several non-tracked customers (approximately 7.5%), as well as from the planned exit of low margin business and a decline in our sales to device manufacturers due to their delay of new product launches and fourth quarter lost battery distribution in international markets (approximately 1.5%). This was partially offset by the continued benefits of global pricing actions (approximately 8.0%).

•Auto Care net sales declined 1.3% versus the prior fiscal year, which was primarily driven by organic net sales decline of 1.1%. The organic decrease in Net sales was due to lower volumes from category declines from higher retail pricing and general economic conditions impacting category performance, cooler spring weather negatively impacting our refrigerant sales, and retailer inventory management (approximately 8.0%). This was partially offset by the continued benefits of global pricing actions (approximately 7.0%).

Total net sales for the twelve months ended September 30, 2022 increased 0.9%, due to organic sales increase of

$94.4, or 3.1%, and an $11.9 increase from our Argentina operations, which were deemed to be highly inflationary. Partially

offsetting these increases was the decrease in sales from exiting the Russian market of $19.3, or 0.6%, and unfavorable

impact of currency of $58.4, or 2.0%. Segment sales results for the twelve months ended September 30, 2022 are as follows:

•Batteries & Lights net sales improved 1.0% versus the prior fiscal year. This increase was primarily driven by organic net sales growth of 3.5% due to pricing increases (approximately 7.5%) and new distribution in battery & lights (approximately 0.5%). This was partially offset by the expected decline in battery demand compared to the elevated COVID-19 related sales in the prior year period (approximately 4.5%).

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•Auto Care net sales improved 0.7% versus the prior fiscal year. This increase was driven by organic net sales growth of 1.6% due to global price increases (approximately 8.0%) and new distribution in both the North American and International markets (approximately 1.5%). This was offset by a decrease in volumes to prior year related to the previously mentioned pricing actions, the lapping of elevated demand in the prior year and the negative impact higher gas prices had on miles driven, consumer foot traffic in the category, and a tendency to defer auto maintenance, particularly impacting our AC recharge business (approximately 8.0%).

Refer to Note 9, Segments, in the Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation from segment profit to Earnings/(loss) before income taxes.

Total segment profit in fiscal 2023 was $626.5, an increase of 4.4% versus the prior fiscal year. The increase was driven by organic segment profit increase of 8.5%. This was partially offset by unfavorable movement in foreign currency of $22.0, or 3.7%, the change in Russian operating profit of $1.2 from exiting the Russian market and a decline of $1.4, or 0.2%, in Argentina operations. Segment operating profit results for the twelve months ended September 30, 2023 are as follows:

•Battery & Lights segment profit was $551.5, a decrease of 0.4% versus the prior fiscal year primarily driven by unfavorable currency movements. Offsetting this was organic profit increase of $21.5, or 3.9%. The growth was driven by improved operating margins driven by Project Momentum initiatives and decreased overhead and R&D spending. This growth was partially offset by lower organic sales as well as higher A&P spending in the current year.

•Auto Care segment profit was $75.0, an increase of $28.5, or 61.3%, versus the prior fiscal year. Organic segment profit increased $29.5, or 63.4%. The growth was driven by improved operating margins driven by Project Momentum initiatives and decreased overhead spending. This growth was partially offset by lower organic sales as well as higher A&P and R&D spending in the current year.

Total segment profit in fiscal 2022 was $600.1, a decrease of 7.9% versus the prior fiscal year. The decline was

driven by organic segment profit decrease of 5.2%, unfavorable movement in foreign currency of $23.8, or 3.6% and the

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change in Russian operating profit of $4.0 from exiting the Russian market. These decreases were offset by $9.7, or

1.5%, of favorable changes in Argentina operations. Segment operating profit results for the twelve months ended

September 30, 2022 are as follows:

•Battery & Lights segment profit was $553.6, flat versus the prior fiscal year. The organic profit increase was $14.6, or 2.6%, and was driven by top-line growth and lower A&P spending. This growth was partially offset by increased operating costs including higher labor, tariffs and transportation costs, which unfavorably impacted gross margin, as well as higher overhead spending.

•Auto Care segment profit was $46.5, a decrease of $51.7, or 52.6%, versus the prior fiscal year. Organic segment profit decreased $48.2, or 49.1%. The organic revenue growth in Auto Care noted above was not enough to offset the increased product input costs which negatively impacted gross margin. Partially offsetting this decline was lower A&P.

For fiscal 2023, general corporate expenses were $107.2, an increase of $5.6 compared to fiscal 2022 expense of $101.6. The increase was driven by was primarily driven by increased factoring fees, higher mark to market expenses on our deferred compensation plans as well as increased stock compensation in the current year. For fiscal 2022, general corporate expenses were $101.6, an increase of $5.6 compared to fiscal 2021 expense of $96.0. The increase was driven by increased travel expense, and increased bonus and stock compensation expense, partially offset by lower mark to market expense on our deferred compensation plans.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Energizer’s primary future cash needs are centered on operating activities, working capital and strategic investments. We believe that our future cash from operations, together with our access to capital markets, will provide adequate resources to fund our short-term and long-term operating and financing needs. Our access to, and the availability of, financing on acceptable terms in the future will be affected by many factors, including, but not limited to: (i) our financial condition and prospects, (ii) for debt, our credit rating, (iii) the liquidity of the overall capital markets and (iv) the current state of the economy. There can be no assurances that we will continue to have access to capital markets on terms acceptable to us. See “Risk Factors” for a further discussion.

Cash is managed centrally with net earnings reinvested locally and working capital requirements met from existing liquid funds. At September 30, 2023, Energizer had $223.3 of cash and cash equivalents, approximately 84% of which was outside of the U.S. Given our extensive international operations, a significant portion of our cash is denominated in foreign currencies. We manage our worldwide cash requirements by reviewing available funds among the many subsidiaries through which we conduct our business and the cost effectiveness with which those funds can be accessed. The repatriation of cash balances from certain of our subsidiaries could have adverse tax consequences or be subject to regulatory capital requirements, however, those balances are generally available without legal restrictions to fund ordinary business operations.

On December 22, 2020, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (Credit Agreement) which provided for a 5-year $400.0 revolving credit facility (2020 Revolving Facility) and a $1,200.0 Term Loan due December 2027. On December 31, 2021 the Company amended the Credit Agreement to increase the 2020 Revolving Facility to $500.0.

In February 2023, the Company amended this Credit Agreement and the existing interest rate swap to transition the interest reference rate from the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) to the Secured Overnight Finance Rate (SOFR). There were no other changes to the Company's Credit Agreement or timing of cash flows. The amendment was entered into because the LIBOR rate historically used was no longer published after June 30, 2023. The Company utilized expedients within ASC 848 to conclude that this amendment should be treated as a non-substantial modification of the existing contract, resulting in no impact to the Company's financial statement.

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The borrowings under the Term Loan require quarterly principal payments at a rate of 0.25% of the original principal balance. Borrowings under the 2020 Revolving Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the option of the Company, SOFR or the Base Rate (as defined) plus the applicable margin. The Term Loan bears interest at a rate per annum equal to SOFR plus the applicable margin.

During fiscal year 2023, the Company repurchased $16.3 of the 4.750% Senior Notes due in 2028 and $8.7 of the 4.375% Senior Notes due in 2029 at a total discount of $3.4. The Company also made early payments of $188.0 of the Term Loan. The extinguishment of this debt, less the write-off of associated deferred financing fees, resulted in a gain on extinguishment of debt for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023 of $1.5.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the 2020 Revolving Facility and $7.1 of outstanding letters of credit. Taking into account outstanding letters of credit, $492.9 remained available as of September 30, 2023.

Debt Covenants

The agreements governing the Company's debt contain certain customary representations and warranties, affirmative, negative and financial covenants, and provisions relating to events of default. If the Company fails to comply with these covenants or with other requirements of these agreements, the lenders may have the right to accelerate the maturity of the debt. Acceleration under one of these facilities would trigger cross defaults to other borrowings. As of September 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the provisions and covenants associated with its debt agreements, and expects to remain in compliance for at least the next 12 months.

Operating Activities

Cash flow from operating activities is the primary funding source for operating needs and capital investments. Cash flow from operating activities was $395.2 in fiscal 2023, $1.0 in fiscal 2022, and $179.7 in fiscal 2021.

Cash flow from operating activities was $395.2 in fiscal 2023 as compared to $1.0 in the prior fiscal year. This increase of $394.2 was primarily driven by working capital changes year over year of approximately $397.3 as the Company has worked to return to a more normalized working capital levels. The working capital change of approximately $397.3 was primarily a result of the following:

•Approximately $105 is due to collections of accounts receivable in the current year compared to the prior year. The Company had reduced its factoring at the end of fiscal year 2022 compared to the prior year, which resulted in higher collections in fiscal 2023. This increase is partially offset by $55 million of changes in accrued sales allowance.

•Approximately $227 of less inventory investment compared to the prior year as the Company was proactively building safety stock in the prior year and reduced the investment in the current year as inventory levels continued the return to a more normalized level; and

•Approximately $131 due to changes in accounts payable and accrued liabilities driven by timing of payments.

Cash flow from operating activities was $1.0 in fiscal 2022 as compared to $179.7 in fiscal 2021. This decrease of $178.7 was primarily driven by working capital changes year over year of approximately $165. The working capital change of approximately $165 was primarily a result of the following:

•Approximately $195 in increased accounts receivable due to higher current year sales compared to prior year and reduced factoring relating to those accounts receivables, offset by approximately $29 of changes in accrued sales allowances.

•Approximately $161 due to changes in accounts payable, offset by approximately $26 due to changes in accrued interest, both of which were driven by timing of payments.

•These changes were partially offset by approximately $118 less of an inventory investment compared to the prior year as the Company was proactively building safety stock in the prior year and reduced the investment in the current year as inventory levels return to a more normalized level.

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Investing Activities

Net cash used by investing activities was $56.1 in fiscal 2023 and $90.9 in fiscal 2022, and $126.4 in fiscal 2021, and consisted of the following:

•Capital expenditures were $56.8, $77.8, and $64.9 in fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

•Proceeds from asset sales were $0.7, $0.6, and $5.7 in fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The fiscal 2021 proceeds primarily related to the sale of our Guatemala manufacturing facility acquired with the Battery Acquisition.

•Acquisitions of intangible assets of $14.7 relating to the auto care appearance trade names and formulas acquired in Latin America during fiscal 2022.

•Acquisitions, net of cash acquired and working capital payments, were an inflow of $1.0 in fiscal 2022, and an outflow of $67.2 in fiscal 2021. The fiscal 2022 inflow was from the Formulations Acquisition working capital settlement. The fiscal 2021 payments related to the acquired Indonesia battery plant and the Formulations Acquisition.

Investing cash outflows of approximately $95 to $105 are anticipated in fiscal 2024 for capital expenditures. This includes normal maintenance, product development and cost reduction investments, as well as approximately $35 to $45 of investment from Project Momentum initiatives including IT systems.

Financing Activities

Net cash used by financing activities was $309.4 in fiscal 2023 and $1,069.1 in fiscal 2021. Net from financing activities was $79.1 in fiscal 2022.

For fiscal 2023, cash flow used by financing activities consists of the following:

•Payments on debt with maturities greater than 90 days of $222.1, primarily related to the early retirement of Senior notes of $21.6 and the term loan principal payments of $200.0;

•Net increase in debt with original maturities of 90 days or less of $1.2, primarily related to international borrowings;

•Dividends paid on common stock of $86.3 during fiscal 2023 (see below); and

•Taxes paid for withheld share-based payments of $2.2.

For fiscal 2022, cash flow from financing activities consists of the following:

•Cash proceeds from issuance of debt with original maturities greater than 90 days of $300.0 relating to the new Senior Notes due in 2027 issuance in the second quarter of fiscal 2022;

•Payments on debt with maturities greater than 90 days of $13.7, primarily related to the quarterly principal payments on the Term Loan;

•Net decrease in debt with original maturities of 90 days or less of $99.0, primarily related to repayments of borrowings under our 2020 Revolving Facility;

•Debt issuance costs of $7.6 relating to the amendment of the Credit Agreement in December 2021 and the issuance of the $300.0 Senior Notes due in 2027;

•Payments to terminate finance lease obligations of $5.1 related to the termination of our Dixon IL packaging facility lease;

•Dividends paid on common stock of $84.9 during fiscal 2022;

•Dividends paid on Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock (MCPS) of $8.1 during fiscal 2022; and

•Taxes paid for withheld share-based payments of $2.5.

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For fiscal 2021, cash flow used by financing activities consists of the following:

•Cash proceeds from issuance of debt with original maturities greater than 90 days of $1,982.6 relating to the Term Loan funded in December 2020 and January 2021, and the June 2021 issuance of €650.0 Senior Notes due in 2029 (2029 EUR Notes);

•Payments on debt with maturities greater than 90 days of $2,773.8, primarily related to the October 2020 repayment of the $750.0 Senior Notes due in 2026 (2026 Notes), the $319.4 repayment of the Term Loan A and $313.5 Term Loan B in December 2020, the January 2021 repayment of the $600.0 Senior Notes due in 2027 (2027 Notes), and the June 2021 repayment of the €650.0 Senior Notes due in 2026 (2026 EUR Notes);

•Net increase in debt with original maturities of 90 days or less of $102.1, primarily related to borrowings under our 2020 Revolving Facility;

•Debt issuance costs of $29.0 relating to the funding of the Term Loan in December 2020 and January 2021 and the 2029 EUR Notes in June 2021;

•Premiums paid on extinguishment of debt of $141.1 funded the October 2020 redemption of the 2026 Notes, the January 2021 redemption of the 2027 Notes, and the June 2021 repayment of the 2026 EUR Notes;

•Dividends paid on common stock of $83.9 during fiscal 2021;

•Dividends paid on MCPS of $16.2 during fiscal 2021;

•Purchase of treasury stock of $96.3 representing the cash paid for stock repurchases including the $75.0 Accelerated Share Repurchase program;

•Payment of contingent consideration of $6.8 related to the achievement of a CAE acquisition earn out threshold; and

•Taxes paid for withheld share-based payments of $6.7.

Dividends

Total dividends declared to common shareholders were $88.0, and $86.3 was paid in fiscal 2023.

Subsequent to the fiscal year end, on November 6, 2023, the Board of Directors declared a dividend for the first quarter of fiscal 2024 of $0.30 per share of common stock, payable on December 14, 2023, to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on November 29, 2023.

Share Repurchases

In November 2020, the Company's Board of Directors approved an authorization for Energizer to acquire up to 7.5 million shares of its common stock. The Company entered into a $75.0 accelerated share repurchase (ASR) program in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021. Under the terms of the agreement, approximately 1.5 million shares were delivered in fiscal 2021 and an additional 0.5 million were delivered upon termination of the agreement on November 18, 2021. The Company acquired in total approximately 2.0 million shares at an average weighted price of $38.30 under the ASR. No additional shares were repurchased in fiscal 2022 or 2023.

Future share repurchase, if any, would be made on the open market and the timing and the amount of any purchases will be determined by the Company based on its evaluation of the market conditions, capital allocation objectives, legal and regulatory requirements and other factors. Share repurchases may be effected through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, including repurchase plans that satisfy the conditions of Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

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On August 16, 2022, the U.S. government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) which, among other changes, created a new corporate alternative minimum tax (AMT) based on adjusted financial statement income and imposed a 1% excise tax on corporate stock repurchases. The effective date of these provisions was January 1, 2023. There was no impact on the Company in fiscal 2023 as no shares were repurchased. Any excise tax incurred on corporate stock repurchases will generally be recognized as part of the cost basis of the treasury stock acquired and not reported as part of income tax expense.

The timing, declaration, amount and payment of future dividends to shareholders or repurchases of the Company’s Common stock will fall within the discretion of our Board of Directors. The Board’s decisions regarding the payment of dividends or repurchase of shares will depend on many factors, such as our financial condition, earnings, capital requirements, debt service obligations, covenants associated with certain of our debt service obligations, industry practice, legal requirements, regulatory constraints and other factors that our Board of Directors deems relevant.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The Company believes it has sufficient liquidity to fund its operations and meet its short-term and long-term obligations. The Company's material future obligations include the contractual and purchase commitments described below.

The Company has a contractual commitment to repay its long-term debt of $3,344.2 based on the defined terms of our debt agreements. Within the next twelve months, the company is obligated to pay $12.0 of this total debt. Our interest commitments based on the current debt balance and SOFR rate on drawn debt at September 30, 2023 is $769.6 with $150.3 expected within the next twelve months. The company has entered into an interest rate swap agreement that fixed the variable benchmark component (SOFR) on $700.0 of variable rate debt. Refer to Note 12 Debt for further details.

The Company has an obligation to pay a mandatory transition tax of $16.7 over the next three years. The first payment of $3.9 is due in the second quarter of fiscal 2024.

Additionally, Energizer has material future purchase commitments for goods and services which are legally binding and that specify all significant terms including price and/or quantity. Total future commitments for these obligations over the next 5 years is $8.3. Of this amount, $4.3 is due within the next twelve months. Refer to Note 17 Other Commitments and Contingencies for further details. Energizer is also party to various service and supply contracts that generally extend approximately one to three months. These arrangements are primarily individual, short-term purchase orders for routine goods and services at market prices, which are part of our normal operations and are reflected in historical operating cash flow trends. These contracts can generally be canceled at our option at any time. We do not believe such arrangements will adversely affect our liquidity position.

Finally, Energizer has operating and financing leases for real estate, equipment, and other assets that include future minimum payments with initial terms of one year or more. Total future operating and finance lease payments at September 30, 2023 are $145.2 and $66.2, respectively. Within the next twelve months, operating and finance lease payments are expected to be $20.4 and $2.5, respectively. Refer to Note 10 Leases for further details.

Other Matters

Environmental Matters

The operations of Energizer are subject to various federal, state, foreign and local laws and regulations intended to protect the public health and the environment. These regulations relate primarily to worker safety, air and water quality, underground fuel storage tanks and waste handling and disposal. Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, Energizer has been identified as a “potentially responsible party” (PRP) and may be required to share in the cost of cleanup with respect to certain federal “Superfund” sites. It may also be required to share in the cost of cleanup with respect to state-designated sites or other sites outside of the U.S.

Accrued environmental costs at September 30, 2023 were $14.0, of which approximately $3.9 is expected to be spent during fiscal 2024. It is difficult to quantify with certainty the cost of environmental matters, particularly remediation and future capital expenditures for environmental control equipment. Current environmental spending estimates could be modified as a result of changes in our plans or our understanding of underlying facts, changes in legal requirements or the enforcement or interpretation of existing requirements.

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Legal Proceedings

The Company and its affiliates are subject to a number of legal proceedings in various jurisdictions arising out of its operations. Many of these legal matters are in preliminary stages and involve complex issues of law and fact, and may proceed for protracted periods of time. The amount of liability, if any, from these proceedings cannot be determined with certainty. We are a party to legal proceedings and claims that arise during the ordinary course of business. We review our legal proceedings and claims, regulatory reviews and inspections on an ongoing basis and follow appropriate accounting guidance when making accrual and disclosure decisions. We establish accruals for those contingencies where the incurrence of a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated, and we disclose the amount accrued and the amount of a reasonably possible loss in excess of the amount accrued, if such disclosure is necessary for our financial statements to not be misleading. We do not record liabilities when the likelihood that the liability has been incurred is probable, but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated. Based upon present information, the Company believes that its liability, if any, arising from such pending legal proceedings, asserted legal claims and known potential legal claims which are likely to be asserted, is not reasonably likely to be material to the Company's financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, taking into account established accruals for estimated liabilities.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The methods, estimates, and judgments Energizer uses in applying its most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results the Company reports in its Consolidated Financial Statements. Specific areas, among others, requiring the application of management’s estimates and judgment include assumptions pertaining to accruals for consumer and trade-promotion programs, pension benefit costs, acquisition, intangible assets and goodwill, uncertain tax positions, the reinvestment of undistributed foreign earnings and tax valuation allowances. On an ongoing basis, Energizer evaluates its estimates, but actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

The Company's critical accounting policies have been reviewed with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. A summary of Energizer’s significant accounting policies is contained in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. This listing is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of Energizer’s accounting policies.

•Revenue Recognition - The Company measures revenue as the amount of consideration for which it expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods. Net sales reflect the transaction prices for agreements, which include units shipped at selling list prices reduced by variable consideration as determined by the terms of each individual agreement. Discounts are offered to customers for early payment and an estimate of the discount is recorded as a reduction of net sales in the same period as the sale. Our standard sales terms generally include payments within 30 to 60 days and are final with returns or exchanges not permitted unless a special exception is made. Our Auto Care channel terms are longer, in some cases up to 365 days, in which case we use our trade receivables factoring program for more timely collection. Reserves are established based on historical data and recorded in cases where the right of return does exist for a particular sale. The Company does not offer warranties on products.

Energizer offers a variety of programs, primarily to its retail customers, designed to promote sales of its products. Such programs require periodic payments and allowances based on estimated results of specific programs and are recorded as a reduction to net sales. Methodologies for determining these provisions are dependent on specific customer pricing and promotional practices, which range from contractually fixed percentage price reductions to reimbursement based on actual occurrence or performance. Where applicable, future reimbursements are estimated based on a combination of historical patterns and future expectations regarding specific in-market product performance. Energizer accrues, at the time of sale, the estimated total payments and allowances associated with each transaction. Customers redeem trade promotions in the form of payments from the accrued trade allowances or invoice credits against trade receivables. Additionally, Energizer offers programs directly to consumers to promote the sale of its products. Energizer continually assesses the adequacy of accruals for customer and consumer promotional program costs not yet paid. To the extent total program payments differ from estimates, adjustments may be necessary. Historically, these adjustments have not been material.

The Company’s agreements with customers do not have significant financing components or non-cash consideration and the Company does not have unbilled revenue or significant amounts of prepayments from customers. Revenue is recorded net of the taxes we collect on behalf of governmental authorities which are generally included in the price to the customer. Shipping and handling activities are accounted for as contract fulfillment costs and recorded in Cost of products sold.

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•Pension Plans - The determination of the Company’s obligation and expense for pension benefits is dependent on certain assumptions developed by the Company and used by actuaries in calculating such amounts. Assumptions include, among others, the discount rate, future salary increases and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. Actual results that differ from assumptions made, or impacts to the obligation that are due to changes to assumptions, are recognized on the balance sheet and subsequently amortized to earnings over future periods. Significant differences in actual experience or significant changes in macroeconomic conditions resulting in changes to assumptions may materially affect pension obligations. In determining the discount rate, the Company uses the yield on high-quality bonds in conjunction with the cash flows of its plans’ estimated payouts. For the U.S. plans, which were frozen January 1, 2014 and represent the Company’s most significant obligations, we consider the Mercer Above-Mean yield curve in determining the discount rates.

Of the assumptions listed above, changes in the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and changes in the discount rate used in developing plan obligations will likely have the most significant impact on the Company’s annual earnings, prospectively. Based on plan assets at September 30, 2023, a 100 basis point decrease or increase in expected asset returns would increase or decrease the Company’s U.S. pre-tax pension expense by $2.6. In addition, poor asset performance may increase and accelerate the rate of required pension contributions in the future. Uncertainty related to economic markets and the availability of credit may produce changes in the yields on corporate bonds rated as high-quality. As a result, discount rates based on high-quality corporate bonds may increase or decrease leading to lower or higher, respectively, pension obligations. A 100 basis point decrease in the discount rate would increase U.S. pension obligations by $18.5 at September 30, 2023.

As allowed under GAAP, the Company’s U.S. qualified pension plan's impact on earnings is determined using Market Related Value, which recognizes market appreciation or depreciation in the portfolio over five years and therefore reduces the short-term impact of market fluctuations.

•Business Combinations - The Company allocates the cost of an acquired business to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company uses a variety of information sources to determine the value of acquired assets and liabilities including: third-party appraisers for the values and lives of property, identifiable intangibles and inventories; actuaries for defined benefit retirement plans; and legal counsel or other advisors to assess the obligations associated with legal, environmental or other claims. The excess value of the cost of an acquired business over the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill.

During fiscal 2021, Energizer used variations of the income approach in determining the fair value of the amortizable intangible assets acquired for the Formulations Acquisition. The Company utilized multi-period excess earnings methods for determining the fair value of the proprietary technology and customer relationships acquired. Our determination of the fair value of these assets involved the use of significant estimates and assumptions related to the revenue growth rates and discount rates. Our determination of the fair value of customer relationships also involved assumptions related to customer attrition rates.

•Intangible Assets - Significant judgment is required in assigning the respective useful lives of intangible assets. Certain brand intangibles are expected to have indefinite lives based on their history and our plans to continue to support and build the acquired brands. Other intangible assets are expected to have determinable useful lives. Our assessment of intangible assets that have an indefinite life and those that have a determinable life is based on a number of factors including the competitive environment, market share, brand history, underlying product life cycles, operating plans and the macroeconomic environment. Our estimates of the useful lives of determinable-lived intangible assets are primarily based on the same factors. The carrying value of determinable-lived intangible assets are amortized to expense over the estimated useful life. The value of indefinite-lived intangible assets is not amortized, but is tested at least annually for impairment. The Company assesses the appropriateness of an indefinite life being assigned to certain intangible assets as a part of this annual impairment analysis. The useful life of a determinable-lived intangible asset would be reassessed if a triggering event was identified that indicated a potential change in the value or use of our determinable-lived assets. A change in the useful life of these assets could have a material impact on our financial statements.

The Company has certain trade names with indefinite lives that are reviewed for impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year following the annual forecasting process, or more frequently if facts and circumstances indicate the trade name may be impaired. The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of such an intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. However, the Company can elect not to perform the

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qualitative assessment, and is then required to perform a quantitative impairment test that involves a comparison of the estimated fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value. If the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company completed the indefinite lived intangibles annual assessment. A quantitative assessment was performed over the Rayovac and Armor All trade names due to the prior year impairments, and a qualitative assessment was performed over the Energizer, Eveready and Varta trade names. No impairment were identified and the Armor All trade name fair value exceeded its carrying value by more than 20%.

For Rayovac, the fair value of the trade name exceeded its carrying value of $422.2 by approximately 5%. The quantitative estimate of fair value for the Rayovac trade name was determined using the multi-period excess earnings method, which requires significant assumptions, including estimates related to revenue growth rates, gross margin rates, operating expenses (SG&A, R&D, and A&P) and discount rates. The projections for the Rayovac fair value model were generated using the Company’s three-year strategic plan, the Company's annual budget plan for fiscal 2024, and long-term category projections, to determine forecasted cash flows and operating data. Specifically, the revenue growth assumption was based on historical trends and management’s expectations for future category trends. The gross margin rate assumption was based on historical trends, management's cost cutting strategies and a market place participant's production capabilities. The gross margin rate utilized was also consistent with rates achieved in fiscal 2023. Operating expenses are based on historical trends and management's annual budget plan for fiscal 2024, as well as long-term operating and advertising strategies. The discount rate used was based on a weighted-average cost of capital utilizing industry market data of similar companies. Changes in the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the Rayovac tradename could result in impairment charges in future periods, which could be material. Specifically, a 50 basis point increase in the discount rate would have resulted in the carrying value of the Rayovac trade name exceeding the fair value by approximately 0.6%.

In fiscal 2022, a quantitative assessment was performed over the Armor All, STP and Rayovac trade names, resulting in non-cash impairments of $370.4, $26.3 and $127.8, respectively. For Armor All and STP, the non-cash impairments were primarily due to declines in their respective Auto Care category projections late in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, significant increases in input costs, and a higher discount rate. The Rayovac non-cash impairment was primarily caused by significant sustained currency headwinds in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, which were expected to continue into fiscal 2023 and were included within the cash flow models, a decrease in the branded sales forecast, increases in input costs, and a higher discount rate. The quantitative estimated fair values were determined using the multi-period excess earnings method, which requires significant assumptions for each brand, including estimates related to revenue growth rates, gross margin rates, operating expenses (SG&A, R&D and A&P), and discount rates. The projections for the Armor All, STP and Rayovac fair value models were generated using the Company’s three-year strategic plan, the Company's annual budget plan for fiscal 2023, and long-term category projections, to determine forecasted cash flows and operating data. Specifically, revenue growth assumptions were based on historical trends and management’s expectations for future growth by brand and category. Gross margin rate assumptions were based on historical trends and management's cost cutting strategies. Operating expenses were based on historical trends and management's annual budget plan for fiscal 2023, as well as long-term operating and advertising strategies. The discount rates used in the trade name fair value estimates ranged between 9.5% and 10.0%, and were based on a weighted-average cost of capital utilizing industry market data of similar companies. The new carrying values for Armor All, STP, and Rayovac trade names were $228.5, $76.4, and $422.2, respectively.

STP is within the fuel and oil additives category and due to the expectation for an increased percentage of electric vehicles in the car parc over the long term, the Company converted the STP trade name into a definite-life intangible asset with a 25 year useful life. This conversion resulted in additional annual pre-tax amortization expense of approximately $3.0 which was included in Amortization of intangible assets expense in fiscal 2023.

Changes in the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets could result in additional impairment charges in future periods, which could be material. Additionally, certain factors have the potential to create variances in the estimated fair values of our indefinite-lived intangible assets, which could also result in material impairment charges. These factors include (i) failure to achieve forecasted revenue growth rates, (ii) failure to achieve cost cutting and margin improvement initiatives the Company is implementing, (iii) failure to meet forecasted operating expenses, or (iv) increases in the discount rate.

For the year ended September 30, 2022, a qualitative analysis was performed over the Energizer, Eveready and Varta trade names and no impairments were identified.

For the year ended September 30, 2021, the Company completed a qualitative annual impairment assessment and no impairments were identified.

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•Goodwill - In fiscal 2022, the Company changed its reportable segments and correspondingly reallocated goodwill to the current reporting units: Battery & Lights North America, Battery & Lights International, Auto Care North America and Auto Care International. The Company performed an assessment of goodwill at October 1, 2021 before the change in segments, noting no impairments identified. Goodwill was reallocated to the reporting units based on the relative fair value of each reporting unit on October 1, 2021.

The Company completes its annual goodwill impairment analysis in the fourth fiscal quarter each year over each of these reporting units. When performing a quantitative analysis the Company estimates the fair value of a reporting unit under the income approach utilizing a discounted cash flow model which incorporates significant estimates and assumptions, including future cash flows driven by revenue and gross margin projections and discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows. The Company uses the three-year strategic plan, the annual budget plan for the following fiscal year, and long-term category projections, to determine forecasted cash flows and operating data for the discounted cash flow model. Specifically, revenue growth assumptions are based on historical trends and management’s expectations for future growth by category. Gross margin rate assumptions are based on historical trends and management's cost cutting strategies. The discount rates are based on a weighted-average cost of capital utilizing industry market data of similar companies.

In fiscal 2023, the Company completed a quantitative analysis on the Auto Care North America reporting unit and a qualitative analysis over the Battery & Lights reporting units. No impairments were identified and the Auto Care North America reporting unit's fair value exceed its carrying value by more than 20%.

In fiscal 2022, the Company completed a quantitative analysis on all four reporting units. As a part of the annual assessment, the Company identified a non-cash impairment of the Auto Care International reporting unit of $17.4. This non-cash impairment was primarily driven by significant sustained currency headwinds in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, which were expected to continue into fiscal 2023 and were included within the cash flow models, declines in the Auto Care category projections late in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, and an increased discount rate. There was no remaining goodwill allocated to this reporting unit after the non-cash impairment.

In fiscal 2022, the Battery & Lights reporting units estimated fair value exceeded their carrying values by more than 100%. The estimated fair value of the Auto Care North America reporting unit, which has a total of $134.2 of goodwill, exceeded its carrying value by 12%. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit requires the use of significant judgment, estimates and assumptions. Changes in the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of our reporting units could result in impairment charges in future periods. Additionally, certain factors have the potential to create variances in the estimated fair values of our reporting units, which also could result in impairment charges. These factors include (i) failure to achieve forecasted revenue growth rates, (ii) failure to achieve cost cutting and margin improvement initiatives the Company is implementing, or (iii) increases in the discount rate. An increase in discount rates, a reduction in projected cash flows or a combination of the two could lead to a reduction in the estimated fair values, which may result in impairment charges that could materially impact our financial statements in any given year.

While the Company believes that the estimates and assumptions underlying the valuation methodology are reasonable, these estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on whether an impairment charge is recognized, and also on the magnitude of any such charge. The results of an impairment analysis are as of a point in time. There is no assurance that actual future earnings or cash flows of the reporting units will not decline significantly from these projections. The Company will monitor any changes to these assumptions and will evaluate goodwill as deemed warranted during future periods.

For the year ended September 30, 2021, the Company completed a qualitative annual impairment assessment and no impairments were identified.

•Income Taxes - The Company's annual effective income tax rate is determined based on our income, statutory tax rates and the tax impacts of items treated differently for tax purposes than for financial reporting purposes. Tax law requires certain items be included in the tax return at different times than the items are reflected in the financial statements. Some of these differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible in our tax return, and some differences are temporary, reversing over time, such as depreciation expense. These temporary differences create deferred tax assets and liabilities.

The Company estimates income taxes and the effective income tax rate in each jurisdiction that it operates. This involves estimating taxable earnings, specific taxable and deductible items, the likelihood of generating sufficient future taxable income to utilize deferred tax assets, the portion of the income of foreign subsidiaries that is expected to

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be remitted to the U.S. and be taxable and possible exposures related to future tax audits. Deferred tax assets are evaluated on a subsidiary by subsidiary basis to ensure that the asset will be realized. Valuation allowances are established when the realization is not deemed to be more likely than not. Future performance is monitored, and when objectively measurable operating trends change, adjustments are made to the valuation allowances accordingly. To the extent the estimates described above change, adjustments to income taxes are made in the period in which the estimate is changed.

In determining whether a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets are warranted, the Company assesses all available positive and negative evidence such as prior earnings history, expected future earnings, carry-back and carry-forward periods and the feasibility of ongoing tax strategies that could potentially enhance the likelihood of the realization of a deferred tax asset. After the evaluation of all available positive and negative evidence, the conclusion was that it is more likely than not that the Company will generate enough future taxable income to realize the U.S. net deferred tax asset on its balance sheet as of September 30, 2023. The Company will continue to regularly assess the potential for realization of net deferred tax assets in future periods. Changes in future earnings projections, among other factors, may result in a valuation allowance against some or all of the net deferred tax assets, which may materially impact income tax expense in the period if it is determined that these factors have changed.

The Company operates in multiple jurisdictions with complex tax and regulatory environments, which are subject to differing interpretations by the taxpayer and the taxing authorities. At times, we may take positions that management believes are supportable, but are potentially subject to successful challenges by the appropriate taxing authority. The Company evaluates its tax positions and establishes liabilities in accordance with guidance governing accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. The Company reviews these tax uncertainties in light of the changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, and adjusts them accordingly. The Company's policy on accounting for tax on the global intangible low-taxed income is to treat the taxes due as a period expense when incurred.

In general, it is our practice and intention to permanently reinvest the earnings of our foreign subsidiaries and repatriate earnings only when the tax impact is zero or very minimal. No provision has been provided for taxes that would result upon repatriation of our foreign investments to the United States. We intend to reinvest these earnings indefinitely in our foreign subsidiaries to fund local operations, fund strategic growth objectives, and fund capital projects. See Note 6, Income Taxes, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2020-04, ASC 848 was amended by ASU 2021-01 Scope, and ASU 2022-06 Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 (collectively ASC 848). Topic 848 provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference LIBOR. These updates are effective immediately and may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated on or before December 31, 2024. The Company adopted the provisions of these updates on October 1, 2022 and applied the guidance prospectively to contract modifications that were entered into for the purpose of establishing a new reference rate during fiscal 2023. Refer to Notes 12 and 16 for additional information. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact to the Company's financial statements.