Fulgent Genetics, Inc. (FLGT)

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report. Additionally, pursuant to Instruction 2 to paragraph (b) of Item 303 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, in preparing this discussion and analysis, we presume that readers have access to and have read the discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations included in our annual report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2026, or the 2025 Annual Report. As used in this discussion and analysis and elsewhere in this report, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Fulgent,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Fulgent Genetics, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Forward-Looking Statements

The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements are statements other than historical facts and relate to future events or circumstances or our future performance, and they are based on our current assumptions, expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effect on our business. The forward-looking statements in this discussion and analysis include statements about, among other things, our future financial and operating performance, our future cash flows and liquidity and our growth strategies, as well as anticipated trends in our business and industry. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including, among others, those described under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I of the 2025 Annual Report. Moreover, we operate in a competitive and rapidly evolving industry and new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for us to predict all of the risks we may face, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors could cause actual results to differ from our expectations. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events and circumstances described in this discussion and analysis may not occur, and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those described in or implied by any forward-looking statements we make. Although we have based our forward-looking statements on assumptions and expectations we believe are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements or other future events. As a result, forward-looking statements should not be relied on or viewed as predictions of future events, and this discussion and analysis should be read with the understanding that actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different than our current expectations. The forward-looking statements in this discussion and analysis speak only as of the date of this report, and except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this report to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

Overview

We are a technology-based company with a well-established laboratory services business and a therapeutic development business. Our laboratory services business includes technical laboratory and testing services and professional interpretation of laboratory results by licensed physicians. Our therapeutic development business is focused on developing product candidates for treating a broad range of cancers using a novel nanoencapsulation and targeted therapy platform designed to improve the therapeutic window and pharmacokinetic profile of new and existing cancer drugs.

On March 17, 2026, and as further described in Note 15. Business Combinations, to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report, we completed the acquisition of certain assets of Bako Diagnostics and acquired StrataDx, or collectively, the Bako Acquisition, which together provide dermatopathology, podiatric pathology, and molecular diagnostic services and therapeutic products. As the Bako Acquisition closed late in the first quarter, the results for the six months ended June 30, 2026, include only approximately three and a half months of the acquired operations. We expect the additional impact of the Bako Acquisition on our consolidated results of operations, including revenue, cost of revenue, and operating expenses, to be reflected in future periods.

Recent Developments

On June 1, 2026, we presented updated data from our ongoing Phase 2 study of FID-007 in combination with cetuximab in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2026 Annual Meeting. As of an April 16, 2026 data cutoff, the combination demonstrated an objective response rate of 61.9%, a median progression-free survival of 6.7 months, a median duration of response of 7.4 months, and a one-year overall survival rate of 63.4%, with a manageable safety profile. These are preliminary, interim data from an ongoing clinical study, and there can be no assurance that later-stage or larger trials will replicate these results or that we will obtain regulatory approval for FID-007.

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Business Risks and Uncertainties and Other Factors Affecting Our Performance

Our business and prospects are exposed to numerous risks and uncertainties, as described in our 2025 Annual Report. In particular, the Bako Acquisition is a transaction involving the integration of operations into our existing laboratory business. As described in greater detail in the risk factors included in our 2025 Annual Report, these acquisitions involve inherent risks, including potential difficulties in integrating operations, personnel, and technologies, and the potential for higher than anticipated acquisition-related costs or integration expenses. Ultimately, we may not realize the anticipated benefits of this transaction. For more information, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I of the 2025 Annual Report. In addition, our performance in any period is affected by a number of other factors. See the description of some of the material factors affecting our performance in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the 2025 Annual Report.

Results of Operations

The table below summarizes the results of our continuing operations for each of the periods presented. For a financial overview relating to our results of operations, including general descriptions of the make-up of material line items of our statement of operation data, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the 2025 Annual Report. Historical results are not indicative of the results to be expected in the current period or any future period.

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Revenue

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward-Looking Statements

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report and contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. We have omitted discussion of 2023 results where it would be redundant to the discussion previously included in Item 7 of our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Forward-looking statements are statements other than historical facts and relate to future events or circumstances or our future performance, and they are based on our current assumptions, expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effect on our business. The forward-looking statements in this discussion and analysis include statements about, among other things, our future financial and operating performance, our future cash flows and liquidity and our growth strategies, as well as anticipated trends in our business and industry. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including, among others, those described under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I of this report. Moreover, we operate in a competitive and rapidly evolving industry and new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for us to predict all of the risks we may face, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors could cause actual results to differ from our expectations. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events and circumstances described in this discussion and analysis may not occur, and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those described in or implied by any forward-looking statements we make. Although we have based our forward-looking statements on assumptions and expectations we believe are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements or other future events. As a result, forward-looking statements should not be relied on or viewed as predictions of future events, and this discussion and analysis should be read with the understanding that actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different than our current expectations. The forward-looking statements in this discussion and analysis speak only as of the date of this report, and except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this report to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

Overview

We are a technology-based company with a well-established laboratory services business and a therapeutic development business. Our laboratory services business includes technical laboratory and testing services and professional interpretation of laboratory results by licensed physicians. Our therapeutic development business is focused on developing product candidates for treating a broad range of cancers using a novel nanoencapsulation and targeted therapy platform designed to improve the therapeutic window and PK profile of new and existing cancer drugs.

We recorded revenue and net (loss) from operations of $322.7 million and ($60.5) million, respectively, in 2025, compared to revenue and net (loss) from operations of $283.5 million and ($42.7) million, respectively, in 2024.

2025 Developments

Bako and StrataDx Acquisition

In December 2025, we announced that we entered into definitive agreements to acquire selected assets of Bako Diagnostics, a premier pathology laboratory headquartered in Alpharetta, Georgia and to acquire StrataDx, a premier dermatopathology laboratory located in Lexington, Massachusetts for a total combined purchase price of approximately $55.5 million, subject to adjustments, to be paid from cash on hand. The acquisition is expected to close during the first half of 2026, subject to satisfying customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals. Refer to Note 15. Business Combinations, for additional details.

Purchase of Income Tax Credits

In 2025, we purchased $106.3 million worth of Investment Tax Credits, or ITCs, under the transferability provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 for $99.5 million in cash. Refer to Note 11. Income Taxes, for additional details with regard to the treatment of Investment Tax Credits purchased previously.

ANP Acquisition

On July 9, 2025, we completed an acquisition of 100% of ANP, an innovation-driven company, which has developed multiple proprietary product platforms. This acquisition enables us to secure ownership of the patents previously licensed from ANP, which are currently utilized in ongoing clinical studies. By securing full ownership of these intellectual property rights, we aim to enhance our

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control over the development and commercialization of related therapeutic candidates, thereby aligning with its strategic objectives to advance clinical programs. Refer to Note 15. Business Combinations, for additional details.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

Mix of Tests Delivered

We offer our tests and testing services at different price points, and we incur different amounts and types of costs, depending on the nature and level of complexity and customization of the test and the specific terms we have negotiated for the tests and testing services, which can vary from customer to customer. As a result, the mix of tests delivered in any period, and the customers that order these tests, impacts our financial results for the period.

Mix of Customers and Purchasing Terms

We consider each single billing and paying unit to be an individual customer, even though a unit may represent multiple physicians and healthcare providers ordering tests. The composition and concentration of our customer base often fluctuate from period to period, and in certain prior periods, a small number of customers have accounted for a significant portion of our revenue. When customers who, to our knowledge, are under common control or otherwise affiliated with each other are aggregated, one of our customers contributed $70.8 million or 22% of our total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2025. For this customer and for customers generally, tests are purchased on a test-by-test basis and not pursuant to any long-term purchasing arrangements. We expect reduced revenues moving forward into 2026 from this significant customer. We plan to continue to focus on developing other customers and capturing new customers. If these efforts are successful, we may be able to offset, or partially offset, this decrease in revenue.

We currently classify our customers into three payor types: (i) Insurance, (ii) Institutional, including hospitals, medical institutions, other laboratories, governmental bodies, and large corporations or (iii) Patients who pay directly. Typically, we bill our Institutional customers for our tests, and they are responsible for paying us directly and billing their patients separately or obtaining reimbursement from insurance payors in connection with a patient’s diagnosis related group. A small percentage of our customers are patients, who elect to pay for tests themselves with out-of-pocket payments after their physicians have ordered our tests.

We continue to make efforts to diversify our customer market, including building relationships with hospitals and affiliated specialties related to our service offerings. We are also pursuing relationships with payors, including Medicare, some state Medicaid programs, and commercial payors, in an effort to obtain coverage and reimbursement for our tests to make them accessible to more individual physicians. Generally, when we establish these new customer relationships, we agree with the applicable payor, laboratory, or other customer to provide certain of our tests at negotiated rates, but, subject to limited exceptions, most of these relationships do not obligate any party to order our tests at any agreed volume or frequency or at all. Further, any relationships we may or have developed with any government agencies are subject to unique risks associated with government contracts, including cancellation if adequate appropriations for subsequent performance periods are not made and modification or termination at the government’s convenience without prior notice. These efforts may not lead to meaningful or any increases in our customer base and may not improve our ability to achieve or sustain profitability.

Ability to Maintain Our Broad and Flexible Test Menu

We believe the large number of genes we incorporate into our test menu provides a meaningful competitive advantage. We believe the breadth of genes in our portfolio allows us to provide more comprehensive genetic information and improves our variant detection rate, which can increase the clinical actionability of the data we produce. The breadth of genes in our portfolio also allows us to offer hundreds of pre-established, multi-gene panels that focus on specified genetic conditions, including our Focus and Comprehensive oncology panels and Beacon carrier screening panels and somatic cancer panels. In addition, all of our genetic panel tests can be adjusted up or down to include more or fewer genes, or customers can design their own panels to their exact specifications, resulting in a flexible and customizable test menu. We believe our ability to continue to offer more genes and more ordering flexibility than our competitors could be a key contributor to the long-term growth of our business.

Ability to Maintain Low Internal Costs and Inflation

We have developed various proprietary technologies, including various AI tools, that improve our laboratory efficiency and reduce the costs we incur to perform our tests, including our proprietary gene probes, data algorithms, adaptive learning software and genetic reference library. This technology platform enables us to perform each test and deliver its results at a lower cost to us than many of our competitors, and this low cost allows us to maintain affordable and competitive pricing for our customers, which we

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believe encourages repeat ordering from existing customers and attracts new customers. We believe this low internal cost is a key factor in our ability to grow our business and obtain margins on our sales that allow us to drive toward sustained profitability.

Investments in our operational capabilities could increase our cost of revenue, but these investments could also, on a near-term and/or long-term basis, increase our operating efficiencies and lead to cost of revenue decreases. As a result, the amount, timing, nature and success of these investments, as well as other influences on our cost of revenue from period to period, can impact our costs. Moreover, changes in our other operating expenses, due to investments in these aspects of our business or other factors, are not taken into account but impact our overall results, which can limit the utility of cost as an overall cost measurement tool.

Similar to other companies in our industry, we have and may again experience the effects of inflation in the costs of labor, materials, and services in connection with the marketing of our tests and testing services and in connection with our research and development efforts.

Ability to Obtain Reimbursement and Government Audits and Investigations

Much of our revenue depends on receiving reimbursement for our tests from insurance payors, including our Insurance and Institutional customers. These payors have complicated rules and procedures regarding submissions for reimbursement, and their reimbursement pra

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