HCI Group, Inc. (HCI)

ITEM 2 – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, which was filed with the United States (“U.S.”) Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 26, 2026 (the “2025 Annual Report”). This section is intended to (i) provide material information relevant to the assessment of our results of operations and cash flows; (ii) enhance the understanding of our financial condition, changes in financial condition, and results of operations; and (iii) discuss material events and uncertainties known to management that are reasonably likely to cause reported financial information not to be necessarily indicative of future performance or of future financial condition.

The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements about our business, operations, and financial performance based on current plans and estimates involving risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, which could differ materially from actual results. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in the sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q titled Item 1A “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Additionally, our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements intended to qualify for the safe harbor from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements, including statements about our plans, objectives, expectations, assumptions or future events, involve risks and uncertainties. These statements involve estimates, assumptions, known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Typically, forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” and similar expressions. The important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements include but are not limited to the effects of governmental regulation; changes in insurance regulations; the frequency and extent of claims; uncertainties inherent in reserve estimates; catastrophic events; changes in the demand for, pricing of, availability of or collectability of reinsurance; restrictions on our ability to change premium rates; increased rate pressure on premiums; the severity and impact of cybersecurity incidents; and other risks and uncertainties and other factors listed under Item 1A – “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as the 2025 Annual Report. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made and are not guarantees of future performance. Except as required by applicable securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

OVERVIEW

HCI Group, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “our,” “us,” the “Company,” or “HCI”), is primarily engaged in the property and casualty insurance business. We provide various homeowners’ property and casualty insurance products for properties located in the Florida, which is our primary market, as well as in other states in the northeast and southeast regions of the U.S. Our insurance operations are supported by other insurance-related subsidiaries within the consolidated group.

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Exzeo Group, Inc. (“Exzeo”), a publicly traded majority-owned subsidiary, provides turn-key insurance technology and operations solutions based on a proprietary platform of purpose-built software and data analytics applications specifically designed for the property and casualty insurance ecosystem. We utilize Exzeo's internally developed software technologies to identify profitable underwriting opportunities, drive efficiency in claim processing and settlements, and streamline operations across our insurance operations and other insurance-related businesses.

We also provide attorney-in-fact (“AIF”) services for reciprocal insurance exchanges owned by their policyholders. Although we do not have any equity interest in the reciprocal insurance exchanges, we are required to consolidate them as their primary beneficiary. In addition, we have a commercial real estate group primarily engaged in developing and operating commercial properties for investment purposes or our own use.

HCI Group, Inc.’s common stock is currently listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “HCI.” Exzeo completed its initial public offering in November of 2025 and is currently listed on the NYSE under the symbol “XZO.” As of June 30, 2026, HCI Group, Inc. owned approximately 83.1% of Exzeo’s outstanding shares of common stock, inclusive of unvested restricted stock.

We identify our segments based on the manner in which our Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker, evaluates performance and makes decisions regarding the allocation of resources. We have five reportable segments: Insurance Operations, Exzeo, Reciprocal Exchange Operations, Real Estate, and Corporate and Other. Due to their economic characteristics, our property and casualty insurance and reinsurance operations, excluding the insurance operations under Reciprocal Exchange Operations, are grouped together into one reportable segment under Insurance Operations. The Exzeo segment represents Exzeo’s operations related to insurance technology and operations solutions for property and casualty insurance carriers. The Reciprocal Exchange Operations segment represents the insurance operations of consolidated reciprocal insurance exchanges owned by their policyholders. The Real Estate segment represents the operations of our commercial real estate group primarily engaged in developing and operating commercial properties for investment purposes or our own use. The Corporate and Other segment represents the activities of the holding companies and any other operations that do not meet the quantitative and qualitative thresholds for a reportable segment. The determination of segments may change over time due to changes in operational emphasis, revenue, and results of operations. Refer to Note 13 “Segment Information” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

All financial information presented in this section has been prepared in U.S. dollars in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and includes the accounts of HCI Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

FACTORS AFFECTING OPERATING RESULTS

Our general operating and growth strategies are to continually optimize our existing book of insurance business, organically expand our insurance business, manage our costs and expenses, diversify our business operations, develop and deploy new technologies to streamline operational processes, and maintain a strong balance sheet so we can quickly pursue accretive opportunities when they arise. Our growth strategies also include policy assumption from third-party insurance companies with the intention of renewing and/or replacing them with our policies.

Our insurance business has grown both organically and through strategic policy assumptions, which have been a key driver of our expansion. We have participated in legislatively mandated take-out programs, designed to reduce the state’s risk exposure by transitioning policies from Citizens Property Insurance Corporation (“Citizens”), a

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Florida state supported insurer, to private insurers. We selectively pursue additional assumption opportunities with Citizens when they align with our risk appetite and growth strategy. We also assume policies from other insurance companies in Florida and/or any other state in which we operate.

The nature of our business is to cover losses that may arise from, among other things, hurricanes and other catastrophic events such as tornadoes, floods and winter storms. The occurrence of any such catastrophes could have a significant adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. To mitigate the risk associated with catastrophic events, we purchase reinsurance from other large insurance companies. Even without catastrophic events, we may incur losses and loss adjustment expenses that deviate substantially from our estimates and that may exceed our reserves, in which case our net income and capital would decrease. Our operating and growth strategies may also be impacted by regulation of our business by the State of Florida and other states in which we operate. For example, insurance regulators must approve our policy forms and premium rates as well as monitor our compliance with financial and regulatory requirements.

Seasonality of Our Business

Our insurance business is seasonal as hurricanes and tropical storms affecting Florida and other southeastern states typically occur during the period from June 1st through November 30th of each year. Winter storms in the northeast usually occur during the period between December 1st and March 31st of each year. Also, our reinsurance treaty year is typically effective on June 1st of each year and any variation in the cost of our reinsurance, whether due to changes in reinsurance rates, coverage levels or changes in the total insured value of our policy base, will occur and be reflected in our financial results beginning on June 1st of each year.

RECENT EVENTS

In March 2026, Fortex Reinsurance SPC, Ltd. (“Fortex”), our wholly-owned Cayman Islands domiciled captive reinsurance subsidiary, received its license to operate as a Class B insurer in the Cayman Islands. Fortex will allow us additional flexibility to selectively retain risk and reduce the cost of third-party reinsurance. Fortex is regulated by the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority.

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

We make strategic decisions, measure our performance, evaluate our business, and identify trends in our business using certain key performance indicators, including the operating metrics gross loss ratio, gross expense ratio, and net combined ratio. Computations of our key performance indicators may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Additionally, we compute and disclose other ratios for informational purposes only.

Gross Loss Ratio

Gross loss ratio is defined as losses and loss adjustment expenses in relation to gross premiums earned. The gross loss ratio represents the percentage of our premiums used to cover our losses. We use the gross loss ratio as a metric to measure and monitor our underwriting and pricing practices.

Gross Expense Ratio

Gross expense ratio is defined as total expenses excluding losses and loss adjustment expenses and interest expense in relation to gross premiums earned. The gross expense ratio represents the percentage of our gross premiums used on operating expenses. We use the gross expense ratio as a metric to measure and monit

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ITEM 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This section is intended to (i) provide material information relevant to the assessment of our results of operations and cash flows; (ii) enhance the understanding of our financial condition, changes in financial condition, and results of operations; and (iii) discuss material events and uncertainties known to management that are reasonably likely to cause reported financial information not to be necessarily indicative of future performance or of future financial condition.

Included below are year-over-year comparisons between 2025 and 2024. For information on year-over-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023, refer to Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on February 28, 2025.

The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements about our business, operations, and financial performance based on current plans and estimates involving risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, which could differ materially from actual results. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in the sections of this Annual Report titled Item 1A “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

We are primarily engaged in the property and casualty insurance business. We provide various homeowners’ property and casualty insurance products for properties located in the State of Florida, which is our primary market, as well as in other states in the northeast and southeast regions of the U.S.

Our insurance operations are supported by other insurance-related subsidiaries within the consolidated group. Exzeo provides turn-key insurance technology and operations solutions based on a proprietary platform of purpose-built software and data analytics applications that are specifically designed for the property and casualty insurance ecosystem. We utilize Exzeo's internally developed software technologies to identify profitable underwriting opportunities, drive efficiency in claim processing and settlements, and streamline operations across our insurance operations and other insurance-related businesses.

We also provide AIF services for reciprocal insurance exchanges owned by their policyholders. Although we do not have any equity interest in the reciprocal insurance exchanges, we are required to consolidate them as their primary beneficiary. In addition, we have a commercial real estate group that is primarily engaged in the business of developing and operating commercial properties for investment purposes or for our own use.

We identify our segments based on the manner in which our Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker, evaluates performance and makes decisions regarding the allocation of resources. We have five reportable segments: Insurance Operations, Exzeo, Reciprocal Exchange Operations, Real Estate, and Corporate and Other. Due to their economic characteristics, our property and casualty insurance division and reinsurance operations, excluding the insurance operations under Reciprocal Exchange Operations, are grouped together into one reportable segment under Insurance Operations. The Exzeo segment includes insurance technology and operations solutions for property and casualty insurance carriers. The Reciprocal Exchange Operations segment represents the insurance operations of consolidated reciprocal insurance exchanges that are owned by their policyholders. The Real Estate segment relates to our commercial real estate group that is primarily engaged in the business of developing and operating commercial properties for investment purposes or for our own use. The Corporate and Other segment represents the activities of the holding companies and any other operations that do not meet the quantitative and qualitative thresholds for a reportable segment. The determination of segments may change over time due to changes in operational emphasis, revenue, and results of operations. Refer to Note 15 “Segment Information” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

All financial information presented in this section has been prepared in U.S. dollars in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and includes the accounts of HCI Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

FACTORS AFFECTING OPERATING RESULTS

Our general operating and growth strategies are to continually optimize our existing book of insurance business, organically expand our insurance business, manage our costs and expenses, diversify our business operations, develop and deploy new technologies to streamline operational processes, and maintain a strong balance sheet so we can quickly pursue accretive opportunities when they arise. Our growth strategies also include policy assumption from third-party insurance companies with the intention of renewing and/or replacing them with our policies.

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Our insurance business has grown both organically and through strategic policy assumptions, which have been a key driver of our expansion. We have participated in legislatively mandated take-out programs, designed to reduce the state’s risk exposure by transitioning policies from Citizens, a Florida state supported insurer, to private insurers. We selectively pursue additional assumption opportunities with Citizens when they align with our risk appetite and growth strategy. We also assume policies from other insurance companies in Florida and/or any other state in which we operate.

The nature of our business is to cover losses that may arise from, among other things, hurricanes and other catastrophic events such as tornadoes, floods and winter storms. The occurrence of any such catastrophes could have a significant adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. To mitigate the risk associated with catastrophic events, we purchase reinsurance from other large insurance companies. Even without catastrophic events, we may incur losses and loss adjustment expenses that deviate substantially from our estimates and that may exceed our reserves, in which case our net income and capital would decrease. Our operating and growth strategies may also be impacted by regulation of our business by the State of Florida and other states in which we operate. For example, insurance regulators must approve our policy forms and premium rates as well as monitor our compliance with financial and regulatory requirements.

Recent Events

The table below shows the number of policies and annualized gross premiums assumed from Citizens during the periods presented:

During 2025, approximately 33,000 policies with annualized premiums of $115.9 million assumed relate to Tailrow, which commenced operations during 2025. During 2024, approximately 700 policies with annualized premiums of $81.7 million assumed relate to CORE, which commenced operations during 2024. Both CORE and Tailrow represent consolidated reciprocal insurance exchanges that are ultimately owned by their policyholders. Accordingly, all of the net income associated with CORE and Tailrow is included in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests.

On November 6, 2025, Exzeo closed its initial public offering, issuing 8,000,000 shares of common stock at a price of $21.00 per share for gross proceeds of $168.0 million. Underwriting and offering costs totaled $13.2 million and were recorded as a reduction of the proceeds received. The net proceeds were allocated as $129.2 million to additional paid-in capital and $25.5 million to noncontrolling interest on the consolidated balance sheet with no recognition of a gain or loss on the consolidated statements of income. As of December 31, 2025, we owned approximately 82.5% of Exzeo's outstanding shares of common stock, inclusive of unvested restricted stock. Accordingly, Exzeo remains a consolidated, majority-owned, subsidiary of HCI Group, Inc. As the initial public offering diluted HCI's ownership of Exzeo, the amount of Exzeo's net income included in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests will increase in subsequent periods.

On January 22, 2024, Exzeo entered into a Stock Redemption Agreement with Centerbridge which allowed Exzeo to redeem all of the Exzeo Series A Preferred Stock held by Centerbridge. The redemption occurred prior to an optional February 26, 2025 redemption right held by Centerbridge. The redemption totaled $100.0 million plus accrued and unpaid dividends of approximately $2.9 million. At redemption, the difference between the consideration transferred of $102.9 million and the redemption date carrying value of $96.7 million was recorded as a deemed dividend and included in net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests. Subsequent to the redemption, there are no other transactions impacting net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests.

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

We make strategic decisions, measure our performance, evaluate our business, and identify trends in our business using certain key performance indicators, including the operating metrics gross loss ratio, net expense ratio, and net combined ratio. Computations of our key performance indicators may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Additionally, we compute and disclose other ratios for informational purposes only.

Gross Loss Ratio

Gross loss ratio is defined as losses and loss adjustment expenses in relation to gross premiums earned. The gross loss ratio represents the percentage of our premiums used to cover our losses. We use the gross loss ratio as a metric to measure and monitor our underwriting and pricing practices.

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Gross Expense Ratio

Gross expense ratio is defined as total expenses excluding losses and loss adjustment expenses and interest expense in relation to gross premiums earned. The gross expense ratio represents the percentage of our gross premiums used on operating expenses. We use the gross expense ratio as a metric to measure and monitor the efficiency of our operating and overhead costs.

Net Combined Ratio

Net combined ratio is defined as total expenses excluding interest expense in relation to net premiums earned. The net combined ratio represents the combination of the net loss ratio and net expense ratio. We use the net combined ratio as a metric to measure and monitor our overall profitability.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise indicated):

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