LCI INDUSTRIES (LCII) FY 2022 MD&A
This page reproduces the company's own Item 7 MD&A text from the linked SEC filing. It is filer text, not grepcent analysis, scoring, or investment advice.
Item 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report.
This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations generally discusses 2022 and 2021 items and year-over-year comparisons between 2022 and 2021. A detailed discussion of 2020 items and year-over-year comparisons between 2021 and 2020 that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K can be found in
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"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on February 25, 2022.
The Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, LCI, supplies, domestically and internationally, a broad array of engineered components for the leading OEMs in the recreation and transportation product markets, consisting primarily of RVs and adjacent industries including boats; buses; trailers used to haul boats, livestock, equipment and other cargo; trucks; trains; manufactured homes; and modular housing. We also supply engineered components to the related aftermarkets of these industries, primarily by selling to retail dealers, wholesale distributors, and service centers, as well as direct to retail customers via the Internet.
We have two reportable segments, the OEM Segment and the Aftermarket Segment. At December 31, 2022, we operated over 130 manufacturing and distribution facilities located throughout North America and Europe.
Net sales and operating profit were as follows for the years ended December 31:
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net sales: | ||||||
| OEM Segment: | ||||||
| RV OEMs: | ||||||
| Travel trailers and fifth-wheels | $ | 2,617,585 | $ | 2,295,612 | ||
| Motorhomes | 339,097 | 258,995 | ||||
| Adjacent Industries OEMs | 1,359,188 | 1,089,005 | ||||
| Total OEM Segment net sales | 4,315,870 | 3,643,612 | ||||
| Aftermarket Segment: | ||||||
| Total Aftermarket Segment net sales | 891,273 | 829,085 | ||||
| Total net sales | $ | 5,207,143 | $ | 4,472,697 | ||
| Operating profit: | ||||||
| OEM Segment | $ | 479,150 | $ | 304,676 | ||
| Aftermarket Segment | 73,878 | 93,734 | ||||
| Total operating profit | $ | 553,028 | $ | 398,410 |
Corporate expenses are allocated between the segments based upon net sales.
Net sales and operating profit by segment, as a percent of the total, were as follows for the years ended December 31:
| 2022 | 2021 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Net sales: | |||
| OEM Segment | 83% | 81% | |
| Aftermarket Segment | 17% | 19% | |
| Total net sales | 100% | 100% | |
| Operating Profit: | |||
| OEM Segment | 87% | 76% | |
| Aftermarket Segment | 13% | 24% | |
| Total segment operating profit | 100% | 100% |
Operating profit margin by segment was as follows for the years ended December 31:
| 2022 | 2021 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| OEM Segment | 11.1% | 8.4% | |
| Aftermarket Segment | 8.3% | 11.3% |
Operating profit margins for the Aftermarket Segment in 2022 were negatively impacted by a number of factors, as further described below under “Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021 – Aftermarket Segment.”
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Our OEM Segment manufactures and distributes a broad array of engineered components for the leading OEMs of RVs and adjacent industries, including boats; buses; trailers used to haul boats, livestock, equipment and other cargo; trucks; trains; manufactured homes; and modular housing. Approximately 61 percent of our OEM Segment net sales for the year ended December 31, 2022 were of components for travel trailer and fifth-wheel RVs, including:
| ● Steel chassis and related components | ● Electric and manual entry steps |
|---|---|
| ● Axles and suspension solutions | ● Awnings and awning accessories |
| ● Slide-out mechanisms and solutions | ● Electronic components |
| ● Thermoformed bath, kitchen, and other products | ● Appliances |
| ● Vinyl, aluminum, and frameless windows | ● Air conditioners |
| ● Manual, electric, and hydraulic stabilizer and leveling systems | ● Televisions and sound systems |
| ● Entry, luggage, patio, and ramp doors | ● Tankless water heaters |
| ● Furniture and mattresses | ● Other accessories |
The Aftermarket Segment supplies many of these engineered components to the related aftermarket channels of the recreation and transportation product markets, primarily to retail dealers, wholesale distributors, and service centers, as well as direct to retail customers via the Internet. The Aftermarket Segment also includes biminis, covers, buoys, fenders to the marine industry, towing products, truck accessories, appliances, air conditioners, televisions, sound systems, tankless water heaters, and the sale of replacement glass and awnings to fulfill insurance claims.
Diversification Strategy
We are executing a strategic initiative to diversify the markets we serve away from the historical concentration within the North American RV OEM industry. Approximately 46 percent of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2022 were generated outside of the North American RV OEM market compared to 47 percent in 2021. The percentage of net sales generated outside of the North American RV OEM market in 2022 decreased compared to the 2021 percentage due to continued content growth in the North American RV OEM market during 2022, which more than offset our diversification efforts.
COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets since early 2020. With RV retail demand at record levels throughout 2021, the industry faced challenges with supply chain constraints, rising material and freight costs, and increases in direct labor costs due to higher production volumes and a tightened labor market, especially in Northern Indiana. These trends continued through the first nine months of 2022, and, with regard to supply chain constraints and freight costs, have also been impacted by the conflict between Russia and Ukraine (the "Russia-Ukraine War"), as well as heightened tensions between China and Taiwan. To address these challenges, we have continued to strategically manage working capital, including carrying elevated levels of certain inventory items to avoid future shortages. As we adjust inventory levels, we also closely monitor our liquidity, and may need to seek additional financing, though such additional financing may not be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. See "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below for further discussion. We continue to focus on our culture and leadership development programs to focus on team member retention. We continue to closely monitor the impact of COVID-19, the Russia-Ukraine War, and relations between China and Taiwan on all aspects of our business. The extent to which COVID-19, the Russia-Ukraine War, and/or relations between China and Taiwan may impact our liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations in the future remains uncertain.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
OEM Segment
North American Recreational Vehicle Industry
An RV is a vehicle designed as temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, travel, or seasonal use. RVs may be motorized (motorhomes) or towable (travel trailers, fifth-wheel travel trailers, folding camping trailers, and truck campers).
The annual sales cycle for the RV industry generally starts in October after the "Open House" in Elkhart, Indiana where many of the largest RV OEMs display product to RV retail dealers and ends after the conclusion of the summer selling
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season in September in the following calendar year. Between October and March, industry-wide wholesale shipments of travel trailer and fifth-wheel RVs have historically exceeded retail sales as dealers build inventories to support anticipated sales. Between April and September, the spring and summer selling seasons, retail sales of travel trailer and fifth-wheel RVs have historically exceeded industry-wide wholesale shipments. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2021 and 2020 Open Houses were canceled, but an Open House was held in September 2022. The seasonality of the RV industry has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the timing of a return to historical seasonality is not possible to predict at this time.
According to the RVIA, industry-wide wholesale shipments from the United States of travel trailer and fifth-wheel RVs, the Company's primary RV market, decreased 21 percent to 421,700 units in 2022, compared to 2021, primarily due to decreased retail demand. Retail demand for travel trailer and fifth-wheel RVs decreased 23 percent in 2022 compared to 2021. Retail demand has declined from recent elevated levels, partially driven by elevated fuel prices and rising interest rates impacting retail consumers. Retail demand is typically revised upward in subsequent months, primarily due to delayed RV registrations.
While we measure our OEM Segment RV sales against industry-wide wholesale shipment statistics, the underlying health of the RV industry is determined by retail demand. A comparison of the number of units and the year-over-year percentage change in industry-wide wholesale shipments and retail sales of travel trailers and fifth-wheel RVs, as reported by Statistical Surveys, Inc., as well as the resulting estimated change in dealer inventories, for both the United States and Canada, is as follows:
| Wholesale | Retail | Estimated UnitImpact onDealer Inventories | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Units | Change | Units | Change | |||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2022 | 421,700 | (21)% | 387,300 | (23)% | 34,400 | |||||
| Year ended December 31, 2021 | 531,400 | 40% | 502,700 | 10% | 28,700 | |||||
| Year ended December 31, 2020 | 380,100 | 9% | 456,100 | 15% | (76,000) |
According to the RVIA, industry-wide wholesale shipments of motorhome RVs in 2022 increased four percent to 58,400 units compared to 2021. Retail demand for motorhome RVs decreased 13 percent in 2022, compared to a four percent increase in retail demand in 2021. Retail demand has declined from recent elevated levels, partially driven by elevated fuel prices and rising interest rates impacting retail consumers.
Our current estimate for full-year 2023 industry-wide wholesale shipments from the United States of travel trailer, fifth-wheel, and motorhome RVs are approximately 330,000 to 350,000 units. This estimate suggests a decrease of 33 to 29 percent compared to actual wholesale shipments in 2022. This projected decline is being driven by current dealer inventory levels, as well as elevated gas prices and rising interest rates impacting retail consumers.
Adjacent Industries
Our portfolio of products used in RVs can also be used in other applications, including boats; buses; trailers used to haul boats, livestock, equipment, and other cargo; trucks; trains; manufactured homes; and modular housing (collectively, "Adjacent Industries"). In many cases, OEM customers of the Adjacent Industries are affiliated with RV OEMs through related subsidiaries. We believe there are significant opportunities in these Adjacent Industries.
The estimated potential content per unit we may supply to the Adjacent Industries varies by OEM product and differs from RVs. As a means to understand the potential of each of these markets, management reviews the number of retail units sold. The following are key target markets for Adjacent Industries component sales:
•Enclosed trailers. According to Statistical Surveys, approximately 188,700, 234,600, and 233,300 enclosed trailers were sold in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
•Traditional power boats. Statistical Surveys also reported approximately 188,300, 211,400, and 233,800 traditional power boats were sold in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Traditional power boats include bass, deck, jet, pontoon, ski-wake, and other boats. Included in this total, Statistical Surveys reported approximately 62,100, 66,000, and 69,000 pontoon boats were sold in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
•School buses. According to School Bus Fleet, there were approximately 40,600, 30,600, and 36,000 school buses sold in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
•Manufactured housing. According to the Institute for Building Technology and Safety, there were approximately 112.900, 105,800, and 94,400 manufactured home wholesale shipments in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
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We currently expect production in the marine and manufactured housing markets to remain at or near current run rates heading into early 2023. We currently expect economic uncertainty to negatively impact consumer discretionary purchases such as trailers and boats, as well as manufactured homes as we progress further into 2023; however, we currently anticipate that production of buses and trains should remain at or near current run rates into 2023.
Aftermarket Segment
Many of our OEM Segment products are also sold through various aftermarket channels of the recreation and transportation product markets, primarily to retail dealers, wholesale distributors, and service centers, as well as direct to retail customers via the Internet. This includes discretionary accessories and replacement service parts. We have teams dedicated to product, technical, and installation training as well as marketing support for our Aftermarket Segment customers. We also support multiple call centers to provide responses to customers for product, delivery, and technical support. This support is designed for a rapid response to critical repairs, so customer downtime is minimal. The Aftermarket Segment also includes biminis, covers, buoys, fenders to the marine industry, towing products, truck accessories, appliances, air conditioners, televisions, sound systems, tankless water heaters, and the sale of replacement glass and awnings to fulfill insurance claims. Many of the optional upgrades and non-critical replacements for RVs are purchased outside the normal product selling season, thereby causing certain Aftermarket Segment sales to be counter-seasonal, but this has been, and may in the future be, different as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the continuing impact of market and supply chain disruptions.
According to Go RVing, estimated RV ownership in the United States as of 2020 had increased to over 11 million households. This vibrant market is a key driver for aftermarket sales, as we anticipate owners will likely upgrade their units as well as replace parts and accessories which have been subjected to normal wear and tear.
In December 2019, we acquired CURT, a leading manufacturer and distributor of branded towing products and truck accessories for the aftermarket. Our CURT products are sold to the automotive and truck aftermarket, as well as the RV, marine, and trailer markets, all of which require towing products, which we believe compliments the OEM markets we serve. Sales from CURT products accounted for approximately half of our Aftermarket Segment net sales in each of 2022 and 2021. CURT sold 0.9 million hitches in 2022 and 1.2 million in 2021. Additionally, with the acquisition of Kasper Ranch Hand Equipment, LLC in April 2021, we continued to expand our product offering to include custom bumpers, grill guards, and steps for the automotive aftermarket.
We currently expect to see a slight increase in aftermarket volume in 2023 as distribution stocking levels return to normal and the new vehicle chip shortage ameliorates. We expect these gains will be tempered by the impact of inflation and rising interest rates on consumers' discretionary spending.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021
Consolidated Summary
•Consolidated net sales for 2022 were $5.2 billion, 16 percent higher than consolidated net sales for 2021 of $4.5 billion. The increase was primarily driven by price realization, market share growth, acquisitions, and an increase in net sales to OEMs in Adjacent Industries, partially offset by a nearly 18 percent decrease in wholesale RV OEM shipments. Net sales from acquisitions completed in 2021 and 2022, primarily Furrion and Girard, contributed approximately $219.0 million in 2022.
•Net income for 2022 increased 37.3 percent to $395.0 million, or $15.48 per diluted share, compared to net income of $287.7 million, or $11.32 per diluted share, for 2021.
•Consolidated operating profit during 2022 was $553.0 million compared to $398.4 million in 2021. Operating profit margin was 10.6 percent in 2022 compared to 8.9 percent in 2021. The increase was primarily a result of increased selling prices which are indexed to select commodities and pricing changes to targeted products, partially offset by increased raw material and freight costs.
•The cost of aluminum and steel used in certain of the Company's manufactured components increased in 2022 compared to 2021. Raw material costs are subject to continued fluctuation and are being offset, in part, by contractual selling prices that are indexed to select commodities.
•The increase in selling, general and administrative costs of $75.6 million in 2022 was primarily driven by increases in personnel costs of $25.0 million, incremental costs from recent acquisitions of $21.9 million,
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increases in information systems costs of $12.0 million, incremental amortization of intangible assets from acquired businesses of $11.1 million, and increases in transportation costs of $9.3 million, due to higher volumes and rising freight costs in 2022 compared to 2021.
•The effective tax rate of 24.8 percent for the full-year 2022 was higher than the prior year, primarily due to discrete tax adjustments as discussed below under "Provision for Income Taxes."
•In 2022, we returned $126.8 million to shareholders through $102.7 million of dividends and $24.1 million in share repurchases.
OEM Segment
Net sales of the OEM Segment in 2022 increased 18 percent, or $0.7 billion, compared to 2021. Net sales of components to OEMs were to the following markets for the years ended December 31:
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | Change | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RV OEMs: | |||||||||
| Travel trailers and fifth-wheels | $ | 2,617,585 | $ | 2,295,612 | 14% | ||||
| Motorhomes | 339,097 | 258,995 | 31% | ||||||
| Adjacent Industries OEMs | 1,359,188 | 1,089,005 | 25% | ||||||
| Total OEM Segment net sales | $ | 4,315,870 | $ | 3,643,612 | 18% |
According to the RVIA, industry-wide wholesale shipments for the years ended December 31 were:
| 2022 | 2021 | Change | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel trailer and fifth-wheel RVs | 421,700 | 531,400 | (21)% | ||||
| Motorhomes | 58,400 | 56,200 | 4% |
The trend in our average product content per RV produced is an indicator of our overall market share of components for new RVs. Our average product content per type of RV, calculated based upon our net sales of components to domestic RV OEMs for the different types of RVs produced for the twelve months ended December 31, divided by the industry-wide wholesale shipments of the different product mix of RVs for the same period, was:
| Content per: | 2022 | 2021 | Change | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel trailer and fifth-wheel RV | $ | 6,090 | $ | 4,197 | 45% | ||||
| Motorhome | $ | 4,099 | $ | 2,857 | 43% |
Our average product content per type of RV excludes international sales and sales to the Aftermarket Segment and Adjacent Industries. Content per RV is impacted by market share gains, acquisitions, new product introductions, and changes in selling prices for our products, as well as changes in the types of RVs produced industry-wide.
Our increase in net sales to RV OEMs of travel trailers, fifth-wheel, and motorhome components during 2022 was primarily driven by selling price increases, market share gains, and acquisitions, partially offset by a nearly 18 percent decrease in wholesale RV OEM shipments.
Our increase in net sales to OEMs in Adjacent Industries during 2022 was primarily driven by selling price increases, market share gains, and wholesale production growth. We continue to believe there are significant opportunities in Adjacent Industries.
Operating profit of the OEM Segment was $479.2 million in 2022, an increase of $174.5 million compared to 2021. The operating profit margin of the OEM Segment increased to 11.1 percent in 2022 compared to 8.4 percent in 2021 and was positively impacted by:
•Selling prices contractually tied to indices of select commodities increased, resulting in an increase in operating profit of $282.6 million compared to 2021.
•Pricing changes to targeted products, resulting in an increase in operating profit of $198.9 million compared to 2021.
Partially offset by:
•Increases in material commodity costs, which negatively impacted operating profit by $226.3 million, primarily related to increased steel and aluminum costs.
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•Absorption of fixed cost structure while supporting temporary slowdown in RV volumes in the second half of 2022, which negatively impacted operating profit by $38.2 million.
•Increased warranty costs driven by increased retail dealer service work, product mix, and recent periods of elevated sales, which negatively impacted operating profit by $17.6 million.
•Sales mix increase of lower margin products from recent acquisitions and related integration costs, which negatively impacted operating profit by $14.2 million.
•Higher production facility costs resulting from previous investments to expand capacity, which reduced operating profit by $14.1 million.
•Inventory cost and reserve related charges of $10.8 million.
•Additional amortization related to intangible assets from acquisitions completed in the last twelve months, which reduced operating profit by $9.7 million.
Amortization expense on intangible assets for the OEM Segment was $41.3 million in 2022, compared to $32.9 million in 2021. Depreciation expense on fixed assets for the OEM Segment was $58.2 million in 2022, compared to $50.8 million in 2021.
Aftermarket Segment
Net sales of the Aftermarket Segment in 2022 increased 8 percent, or $62.2 million, compared to 2021. Net sales of components in the Aftermarket Segment were as follows for the years ended December 31:
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | Change | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Aftermarket Segment net sales | $ | 891,273 | $ | 829,085 | 8% |
Our net sales to the Aftermarket Segment increased during 2022 primarily due to net sales from acquisitions completed in 2022 and 2021, which contributed approximately $63.4 million.
Operating profit of the Aftermarket Segment was $73.9 million in 2022, a decrease of $19.9 million compared to 2021. The operating profit margin of the Aftermarket Segment was 8.3 percent in 2022, compared to 11.3 percent in 2021, and was negatively impacted by:
•Increases in material commodity costs and production supplies, which negatively impacted operating profit by $78.6 million, primarily related to increased steel and aluminum costs.
•The impact of fixed costs on reduced organic volumes, which decreased operating profit by $19.5 million related to fixed selling, general, and administrative costs and $7.8 million related to fixed overhead costs.
•Investments in marketing costs and administrative structure of $12.0 million.
•Increases in production labor costs due to production volumes and a tight labor market, which reduced operating profit by $10.7 million.
•Increases in transportation costs, primarily for third-party freight, which reduced operating profit by $7.3 million.
•Higher production facility costs in the current period resulting from investments to expand capacity over the past year, which reduced operating profit by $4.5 million in the current period.
•Inventory cost and reserve related charges of $3.9 million.
Partially offset by:
•Pricing changes to targeted products, resulting in an increase in operating profit of $109.0 million compared to 2021.
•Sales mix increase of higher margin products from the acquisition of Furrion, which positively impacted operating profit by $9.4 million.
Amortization expense on intangible assets for the Aftermarket Segment was $15.1 million in 2022, compared to $14.7 million in 2021. Depreciation expense on fixed assets for the Aftermarket Segment was $14.7 million in 2022, compared to $13.9 million in 2021.
Provision for Income Taxes
The effective income tax rate for 2022 was 24.8 percent compared to 24.7 percent in 2021. The effective tax rate of 24.8 percent for the full-year 2022 was higher than the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in the excess tax benefit related to the vesting of equity-based compensation awards, a decrease in the cash surrender value of life insurance, and a discrete tax
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expense for an acquisition-related tax election, partially offset by a decrease in non-deductible executive compensation expenses. We estimate the 2023 effective income tax rate to be approximately 24 to 26 percent.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash Flows
We maintain a level of liquidity sufficient to allow us to meet our cash needs in the short term. Over the long term, we manage our cash and capital structure to maximize shareholder return, maintain our financial condition, and maintain flexibility for our future strategic investments. We continuously assess our capital requirements, working capital needs, debt and leverage levels, debt and lease maturity schedules, capital expenditure requirements, dividends, future investments or acquisitions, and potential share repurchases. We believe our operating cash flows, credit facilities, as well as any potential future borrowings, will be sufficient to fund our future payments and long-term initiatives.
As of December 31, 2022, we had $47.5 million in cash and cash equivalents, and $306.5 million of availability under our revolving credit facility. We also have the ability to request an increase to the revolving and/or incremental term loan facilities by up to an additional $400.0 million in the aggregate upon approval of the lenders providing any such increase and the satisfaction of certain other conditions. See Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our credit facilities.
We believe the availability under the revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), along with our cash flows from operations, are adequate to finance our anticipated cash requirements for the next twelve months.
The Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows reflect the following for the years ended December 31:
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | 602,514 | $ | (111,573) | |||
| Net cash flows used in investing activities | (241,790) | (281,218) | |||||
| Net cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities | (374,871) | 404,563 | |||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (1,250) | (697) | |||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (15,397) | $ | 11,075 |
Discussion - Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021
Cash Flows from Operations
Net cash flows provided by operating activities were $602.5 million in 2022, compared to cash used in operating activities of $111.6 million in 2021. This change was primarily due to changes in net assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions of businesses, which generated $603.4 million more cash than in 2021. During 2021, in an effort to address challenges with supply chain constraints, rising material costs, and a tightened labor market, we strategically managed working capital, including intentionally building up levels of certain inventory items and expanding production capacity, resulting in the use of cash in 2021. As a result of declining sales volumes and actions taken in the second half of 2022, decreases in inventory of $117.4 million and in receivables related to decreased wholesale RV demand of $115.7 million were the primary providers of cash generated from net assets in 2022. The increase was also assisted by a $110.7 million increase in net income, adjusted for depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, deferred taxes, and other non-cash items.
Over the long term, based on our historical collection and payment patterns, as well as inventory turnover, and also giving consideration to emerging trends and changes to the sales mix, we expect working capital to increase or decrease equivalent to approximately 10 to 15 percent of the increase or decrease, respectively, in net sales. However, there are many factors that can impact this relationship, especially in the short term.
Depreciation and amortization was $129.2 million and $112.3 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is expected to be approximately $130 to $140 million in 2023. Non-cash stock-based compensation expense was $23.7 million and $27.2 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is expected to be approximately $25 to $30 million in 2023.
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Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Cash flows used in investing activities of $241.8 million in 2022 were primarily comprised of $130.6 million for capital expenditures and $108.5 million for the acquisition of businesses. Cash flows used in investing activities of $281.2 million in 2021 were primarily comprised of $194.1 million for the acquisition of businesses and $98.5 million for capital expenditures. This increase in capital expenditures in 2022 was primarily due to increased investments in growth and automation projects of $30.3 million.
Our capital expenditures are primarily for replacement and growth. Over the long term, based on our historical capital expenditures, the replacement portion has averaged approximately one to two percent of net sales, while the growth portion has averaged approximately two to three percent of net sales. However, there are many factors that can impact the actual spending compared to these historical averages. We estimate 2023 capital expenditures of $80 to $100 million, including investments in automation and lean projects, which we expect to fund with cash flows from operations or periodic borrowings under the revolving credit facility as needed.
The 2022 capital expenditures and acquisitions were funded by cash generated from operations and borrowings under our Credit Agreement. Capital expenditures and acquisitions in 2023 are expected to be funded primarily from cash generated from operations, as well as periodic borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Cash flows used in financing activities in 2022 were primarily comprised of:
•$105.3 million in net payments under our revolving credit facility;
•payments of quarterly dividends of $102.7 million;
•$73.0 million in repayments under our shelf loan, term loan, and other borrowings;
•$60.2 million in payments of contingent consideration and holdbacks related to acquisitions;
•$24.1 million in repurchases of common stock; and
•cash outflows of $11.0 million related to vesting of stock-based awards, net of shares tendered for payment of taxes.
Cash flows provided by financing activities in 2021 were primarily comprised of:
•proceeds from the issuance of the convertible notes and warrants, net of debt issuance costs and call option contracts of $396.6 million;
•$124.2 million in borrowings under the term loan; and
•$22.0 million in net borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
Partially offset by:
•payments of quarterly dividends of $87.2 million;
•$22.8 million in payments of contingent consideration and holdbacks related to acquisitions;
•$21.5 million in repayments under the term loan and other borrowings; and
•cash outflows of $8.3 million related to vesting of stock-based awards, net of shares tendered for payment of taxes.
The Credit Agreement includes both financial and non-financial covenants. The covenants dictate that we shall not permit our net leverage ratio to exceed certain limits, shall maintain a minimum debt service coverage ratio, and must meet certain other financial requirements. At December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all such requirements, and we expect to remain in compliance for the next twelve months.
We have paid regular quarterly dividends since 2016. Future dividend policy with respect to our common stock will be determined by our Board of Directors in light of our prevailing financial needs, earnings, and other relevant factors, including any limitations in our debt agreements, such as maintenance of certain financial ratios. In May 2022, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program for the purchase of up to $200.0 million of our common stock over a three-year period ending on May 19, 2025. Under this stock repurchase program, we purchased 253,490 shares at a weighted average price of $94.89 per share, totaling $24.1 million, during the year ended December 31, 2022. No shares were repurchased during the year ended December 31, 2021. See Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to our dividend and share repurchase programs.
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Future Cash Requirements
The following table summarizes our material estimated future cash requirements under our contractual obligations for indebtedness and operating leases at December 31, 2022, in total and disaggregated into current (payable in 2023) and long-term (payable after 2023) obligations.
| (In thousands) | Total | Current | Long-Term | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total indebtedness (a) | $ | 1,128,026 | $ | 23,406 | $ | 1,104,620 | |||||
| Interest on indebtedness (a) | 84,484 | 22,481 | 62,003 | ||||||||
| Operating leases (b) | 341,924 | 47,469 | 294,455 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,554,434 | $ | 93,356 | $ | 1,461,078 |
a.See Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the maturities of debt principal. Interest payments on our indebtedness are calculated using the outstanding balances and interest rates in effect on December 31, 2022.
b.See Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the maturity of our lease obligations under operating leases. Our finance leases were not material at December 31, 2022.
Retirement and Other Benefit Plans
We consider various factors when making funding decisions, such as regulatory requirements, actuarially determined minimum contribution requirements, and contributions required to avoid benefit restrictions for defined benefit pension plans. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we contributed $1.6 million to our Dutch pension plans assumed with the acquisition of Polyplastic Group B.V. and made discretionary matching contributions of $12.9 million to our defined contribution 401(k) profit sharing plan. We anticipate making minimum required contributions of approximately $0.7 million to our Dutch pension plans in 2023 following curtailment of the plans at the end of 2022. We also expect to make matching contributions to our defined contribution 401(k) profit sharing plan in 2023 at a level similar to 2022; however, these contributions are discretionary and subject to change. See Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information related to our retirement and other benefit plans.
Holdback Payments
With certain business acquisitions, we hold back purchase consideration for the purposes of working capital adjustments, indemnity claims, and other items, as defined in each respective purchase agreement. At December 31, 2022, we had current holdback payments accrued of $33.5 million related to certain acquisitions completed in 2022 and 2021. The ultimate cash settlement amounts of these holdback accruals are subject to change based on various factors defined in the respective purchase agreements. See Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information related to these holdback payments.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
We are in compliance with the corporate governance requirements of the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange. Our governance documents and committee charters and key practices have been posted to our website (www.lci1.com) and are updated periodically. The website also contains, or provides direct links to, all SEC filings, press releases and investor presentations. We have also established a Whistleblower Policy, which includes a toll-free hotline (800-461-9330) to report complaints about the Company’s accounting, internal controls, auditing matters or other concerns. The Whistleblower Policy and procedure for complaints can be found on our website (www.lci1.com).
CONTINGENCIES
Additional information required by this item is included under Item 3 of Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Our Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which requires certain estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the amounts and disclosures reported in those financial statements and the related accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions. While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 of the Notes to
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Consolidated Financial Statements, the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting estimates, which are those that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Management has discussed the development and selection of its critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors and the Audit Committee has reviewed the disclosure presented below relating to the critical accounting estimates.
Warranty
We provide warranty terms based upon the type of product sold. We estimate the warranty accrual based upon various factors, including historical warranty costs, warranty claim lag, and sales. The accounting for warranty accruals requires us to make assumptions and judgments, and to the extent actual results differ from original estimates, adjustments to recorded accruals may be required. In 2022, we experienced an increase in claims paid year-over-year, which grew at a higher rate than the growth in net sales. We believe the unfavorable trend in relation to net sales is the result of retail dealers seeking service work as retail sales of RVs slowed in the second half of 2022, and as a result of higher warranty claims on new appliance product offerings from recent acquisitions. Despite these unfavorable trends, warranty claim lag time has continued to decline as we focus on addressing warranty claims promptly, which favorably impacts our warranty reserves. For further information on our warranty accrual, including a roll-forward of changes in the accrual, see Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Fair Value of Intangible Assets of Acquired Businesses
We value the intangible assets associated with the acquisitions of businesses on the respective acquisition dates. Depending upon the type of intangible asset acquired, we use different valuation techniques in determining the fair value. Those techniques include comparable market prices, long-term sales, profitability and cash flow forecasts, assumptions regarding future industry-specific economic and market conditions and a market participant’s weighted average cost of capital, as well as other techniques as circumstances require. By their nature, these assumptions require judgment, and if management had chosen different assumptions, the fair value of intangible assets of acquired businesses would have been different. For further information on acquired intangible assets, see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Information required by this item is included in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
INFLATION
The prices of key raw materials, consisting primarily of steel and aluminum, and components used by us which are made from these raw materials, are influenced by demand and other factors specific to these commodities, as well as by inflationary pressures. We experienced elevated prices of these commodities in 2022, and we expect commodity prices to remain elevated in 2023. Prices of these commodities have historically been volatile, and over the past few months prices have continued to fluctuate. Please see "Results of Operations" above for additional information regarding the impact of raw material costs on our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.
As a result of the competitive labor market and strong demand for our products, we experienced increased labor costs in 2022 attributable to higher wages and increased overtime and additional shifts for our team members, and we expect labor costs to normalize in 2023. Please see "Results of Operations" above for additional information regarding the impact of labor costs on our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.