ONESPAWORLD HOLDINGS Ltd (OSW)

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

In addition to historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements, such as statements regarding our expectation for future performance, liquidity and capital resources that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause such differences include those identified below and those described in the sections entitled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” and in “Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.

OneSpaWorld Holdings Limited (“OneSpaWorld,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and other similar terms refer to OneSpaWorld Holdings Limited and its consolidated subsidiaries) is the pre-eminent global operator of health and wellness centers onboard cruise ships and a leading operator of health and wellness centers at destination resorts worldwide. We are positioned as a leader in the hospitality-based health and wellness industry. Our highly trained and experienced staff offer guests a comprehensive suite of premium health, wellness, aesthetics and fitness services and products onboard cruise ships and at destination resorts globally. Over the last 50 years, we have built our leading market position on our depth of staff expertise, broad and innovative service and product offerings, expansive global recruitment, training and logistics platform, as well as decades-long relationships with cruise line and destination resort partners. Throughout our history, our mission has been simple: helping guests look and feel their best during and after their stay.

At our core, we are a global services company. We serve a critical role for our cruise line and destination resort partners, operating a complex and increasingly important aspect of their overall guest experience. Decades of investment and know-how have allowed us to construct an unmatched global infrastructure to manage the complexity of our operations. We have consistently expanded our onboard offerings with innovative and leading-edge service and product introductions, and developed powerful recruiting, training and logistics platforms, increasingly powered by emerging technologies, including generative and agentic artificial intelligence applications, to manage our operational complexity, maintain our industry-leading quality standards, and maximize revenue and profitability per health and wellness center. The combination of our personnel recruiting and training platform, deep proprietary global labor pool, global logistics and supply chain infrastructure, and proven health and wellness center operating, revenue, and profitability management capabilities represents a significant competitive advantage that we believe is not economically feasible to replicate.

A significant portion of our revenues are generated from our cruise ship operations. Historically, we have been able to renew substantially all of our cruise line agreements.

Key Performance Indicators

In assessing the performance of our business, we consider key performance indicators used by management, including, among others:

•
Average Ship Count. The number of ships, on average during the period, on which we operate health and wellness centers. This is a key metric that impacts revenue and profitability and reflects the fact that during the period ships were in and out of service, and is calculated by adding the total number of days that each of the ships generated revenue during the period, divided by the number of calendar days during the period.

•
Period End Ship Count: The number of ships at period end on which we operate health and wellness centers. This is a key metric that impacts revenue and profitability.

•
Average Weekly Revenue Per Ship. A key indicator of productivity per ship. Revenue per ship can be affected by the various sizes of health and wellness centers and categories of ships on which we serve.

•
Average Revenue Per Shipboard Staff Per Day. We utilize this performance metric to assist in determining the productivity of our onboard staff, which we believe is a critical element of our operations.

•
Revenue Days. Revenue days are the days on which the health and wellness centers are open onboard a revenue generating cruise with passengers.

•
Average Resort Count. The number of destination resorts on average during the period in which we operate the health and wellness centers. This is a key metric that impacts revenue and profitability and reflects the fact that during the period destination resort health and wellness centers were in and out of service, and is calculated by adding the total number of days that each destination resort health and wellness center generated revenue during the period, divided by the number of calendar days during the period.

•
Period End Resort Count. The number of destination resorts at period end on which we operate the health and wellness centers. This is a key metric that impacts revenue and profitability.

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•
Average Weekly Revenue Per Destination Resort. A key indicator of productivity per destination resort health and wellness center. Revenue per destination resort health and wellness center in a period can be affected by the geographic mix of health and wellness centers in operation for such period. Typically, our U.S. and Caribbean health and wellness centers are larger and produce substantially more revenues per location than our Asia centers. Additionally, average weekly revenue can also be negatively impacted by renovations of our destination resort health and wellness centers.

Key Financial Definitions

Revenues. Revenues consist primarily of sales of services and sales of products to cruise ship passengers and destination resort guests. The following is a brief description of the components of our revenues:

•
Service revenues. Service revenues consist primarily of sales of health and wellness, aesthetics and fitness services, including a full range of body care, skin care, hair care, cosmetics, medi-spa, acupuncture, systemic detoxification and nutrition regimens, and mindfulness services, among others, to cruise ship passengers and destination resort guests. We bill our services at rates which inherently include an immaterial charge for products used in the rendering of such services, if applicable.

•
Product revenues. Product revenues consist primarily of sales of health, wellness, aesthetics and fitness related products, such as facial skincare, body care, orthotics and detox supplements to cruise ship passengers, destination resort guests and timetospa.com customers.

Cost of services. Cost of services consists primarily of an allocable portion of payments to cruise line partners (which are derived as a percentage of service revenues or a minimum annual rent or a combination of both), an allocable portion of wages paid to shipboard employees, an allocable portion of staff-related shipboard expenses, wages paid directly to destination resort employees, payments to destination resort partners, the allocable cost of products consumed in the rendering of services, and health and wellness center depreciation. Cost of services has historically been highly variable; increases and decreases in cost of services are primarily attributable to corresponding increases or decreases in service revenues. Cost of services has remained generally consistent as a percentage of service revenues.

Cost of products. Cost of products consists primarily of the cost of products sold through our various methods of distribution, an allocable portion of wages paid to shipboard employees and an allocable portion of payments to cruise line and destination resort partners (which are derived as a percentage of product revenues or a minimum annual rent or a combination of both). Cost of products has historically been highly variable; increases and decreases in cost of products are primarily attributable to corresponding increases or decreases in product revenues and includes impairment of the carrying value of inventories. Cost of products has remained generally consistent as a percentage of product revenues.

Administrative. Administrative expenses are comprised of expenses associated with corporate and administrative functions that support our business, including fees for professional services, insurance, headquarters rent and other general corporate expenses.

Salaries, benefits and payroll taxes. Salaries, benefits and payroll taxes are comprised of employee expenses associated with corporate and administrative functions that support our business, including fees for employee salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation, payroll taxes, pension/401(k) and other employee costs.

Amortization of intangible assets. Amortization of intangible assets are comprised of the amortization of intangible assets with definite useful lives (e.g. retail concession agreements, destination resort agreements, licensing agreements).

Interest expense, net. Interest expense, net consists of interest income and interest expense.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense includes current and deferred federal income tax expenses, as well as state and local income taxes.

Net income. Net income consists of income from operations less other expense and income tax expense.

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Revenue Drivers and Business Trends

Our revenues and financial performance are impacted by a multitude of factors, including, but not limited to:

•
The number of health and wellness centers we operate on cruise ships and in destination resorts. The number of cruise ships on which we operate during each period is primarily impacted by our renewal of existing cruise ship partner agreements, introductions of new ships to service under our existing agreements, agreements with new cruise line partners, ships temporarily out of service for maintenance and repair, ships temporarily out of service undergoing enhancements to their facilities and operations, including enhancements to our health and wellness centers, ships and itineraries impacted by temporary adverse weather conditions, and ships prevented from sailing due to outbreaks of illnesses, among other factors. The number of destination resorts in which we operate during each period is primarily attributable to renewal of existing agreements with destination resort partners, certain of our health and wellness centers undergoing renovations to enhance operations, and destination resorts temporarily prevented from operating due to adverse weather conditions and outbreaks of illnesses, among other factors.

•
The size and offerings of new health and wellness centers. We have focused on innovating and implementing higher value added and price point services such as medi-spa and advanced facial techniques, which require treatment rooms equ

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

General

The following discussion and analysis of our audited financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the information presented in “Selected Historical Financial Information” and our Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. In addition to historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements, such as statements regarding our expectation for future performance, liquidity, and capital resources, that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause such differences include those identified below and those described in the sections entitled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors.” We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.

The information for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 is derived from OneSpaWorld’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this report.

Any reference to “OneSpaWorld” refers to OneSpaWorld Holdings Limited and our consolidated subsidiaries on a forward-looking basis.

Overview

OneSpaWorld Holdings Limited (“OneSpaWorld,” the “Company,” “we,” “our, “us” and other similar terms refer to OneSpaWorld Holdings Limited and its consolidated subsidiaries) is the pre-eminent global operator of health and wellness centers onboard cruise ships and a leading operator of health and wellness centers at destination resorts worldwide. We are positioned as a leader in the hospitality-based health and wellness industry. Our highly trained and experienced staff offer guests a comprehensive suite of premium health, wellness, aesthetics and fitness services and products onboard cruise ships and at destination resorts globally. We are the market leader at more than 17x the size of our closest maritime competitor. Over the last 50 years, we have built our leading market position on our depth of staff expertise, broad and innovative service and product offerings, expansive global recruitment, training and logistics platform, as well as decades-long relationships with cruise line and destination resort partners. Throughout our history, our mission has been simple: helping guests look and feel their best during and after their stay.

At our core, we are a global services company. We serve a critical role for our cruise line and destination resort partners, operating a complex and increasingly important aspect of their overall guest experience. Decades of investment and know-how have allowed us to construct an unmatched global infrastructure to manage the complexity of our operations. We have consistently expanded our onboard offerings with innovative and leading-edge service and product introductions, and developed powerful recruiting, training and logistics platforms, increasingly powered by emerging technologies, including generative and agentic artificial intelligence applications, to manage our operational complexity, maintain our industry-leading quality standards, and maximize revenue and profitability per health and wellness center. The combination of our personnel recruiting and training platform, deep proprietary global labor pool, global logistics and supply chain infrastructure, and proven health and wellness center operating, revenue, and profitability management capabilities represents a significant competitive advantage that we believe is not economically feasible to replicate.

A significant portion of our revenues are generated from our cruise ship operations. Historically, we have been able to renew substantially all of our existing cruise line partner agreements and gain new agreements to operate health and wellness centers for new cruise line partners.

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Key Performance Indicators

In assessing the performance of our business, we consider several key performance indicators used by management. These key indicators include:

•
Average Ship Count. The number of ships, on average during the period, on which we operate health and wellness centers. This is a key metric that impacts revenue and profitability and reflects the fact that during the period ships were in and out of service, and is calculated by adding the total number of days that each of the ships generated revenue during the period, divided by the number of calendar days during the period.

•
Period End Ship Count. The number of ships at period end on which we operate health and wellness centers. This is a key metric that impacts revenue and profitability.

•
Average Ship Count. A key indicator of productivity per ship. Revenue per ship can be affected by the various sizes of health and wellness centers and categories of ships on which we serve.

•
Average Weekly Revenue Per Ship. A key indicator of productivity per ship. Revenue per ship can be affected by the various sizes of health and wellness centers and categories of ships on which we serve.

•
Average Revenue Per Shipboard Staff Per Day. We utilize this performance metric to assist in determining the productivity of our onboard staff, which we believe is a critical element of our operations.

•
Revenue Days. Revenue days are the days on which the health and wellness centers are open onboard a revenue generating cruise with passengers.

•
Period End Resort Count. The number of destination resorts at period end on which we operate the health and wellness centers. This is a key metric that impacts revenue and profitability.

•
Average Resort Count. The number of destination resorts on average during the period in which we operate the health and wellness centers. This is a key metric that impacts revenue and profitability and reflects the fact that during the period destination resort health and wellness centers were in and out of service, and is calculated by adding the total number of days that each destination resort health and wellness center generated revenue during the period, divided by the number of calendar days during the period.

•
Average Weekly Revenue Per Destination. A key indicator of productivity per destination resort health and wellness center. Revenue per destination resort health and wellness center in a period can be affected by the mix of U.S. and Caribbean and Asian centers for such period because U.S. and Caribbean centers are typically larger and produce substantially more revenues per center than Asian centers. Additionally, average weekly revenue can also be negatively impacted by renovations of our destination resort health and wellness centers.

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The following table sets forth the above key performance indicators for the periods presented:

Key Financial Definitions

Revenues. Revenues consist primarily of sales of services and sales of products to cruise ship passengers and destination resort guests. The following is a brief description of the components of our revenues:

•
Service revenues. Service revenues consist primarily of sales of health and wellness, aesthetics and fitness services, including a full range of body care, skin care, hair care, cosmetics, medi-spa, acupuncture, nutrition/weight management and mindfulness services, among others, to cruise ship passengers and destination resort guests. We bill our services at rates which inherently include an immaterial charge for products used in the rendering of such services, if applicable.

•
Product revenues. Product revenues consist primarily of sales of health and wellness products, such as facial skincare, body care, orthotics and detox supplements to cruise ship passengers, destination resort guests and timetospa.com customers.

Cost of services. Cost of services consists primarily of an allocable portion of payments to cruise line partners (which are derived as a percentage of service revenues or a minimum annual rent or a combination of both), an allocable portion of wages paid to shipboard employees, an allocable portion of staff-related shipboard expenses, wages paid directly to destination resort employees, payments to destination resort partners, the allocable cost of products consumed in the rendering of services, and health and wellness center depreciation. Cost of services has historically been highly variable; increases and decreases in cost of services are primarily attributable to corresponding increases or decreases in service revenues. Cost of services has remained generally consistent as a percentage of service revenues.

Cost of products. Cost of products consists primarily of the cost of products sold through our various methods of distribution, an allocable portion of wages paid to shipboard employees and an allocable portion of payments to cruise line and destination resort partners (which are derived as a percentage of product revenues or a minimum annual rent or a combination of both). Cost of products has historically been highly variable; increases and decreases in cost of products are primarily attributable to corresponding increases or decreases in product revenues and includes impairment of the carrying value of inventories. Cost of products has remained generally consistent as a percentage of product revenues.

Administrative. Administrative expenses are comprised of expenses associated with corporate and administrative functions that support our business, including fees for professional services, insurance, headquarters rent and other general corporate expenses.

Salaries, benefits and payroll taxes. Salaries, benefits and payroll taxes are comprised of employee expenses associated with corporate and administrative functions that support our business, including fees for employee salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation, payroll taxes, 401(k) and other employee costs.

Amortization of intangible assets. Amortization of intangible assets are comprised of the amortization of intangible assets with definite useful lives (e.g. retail concession agreements, destination resort agreements, licensing agreements).

Restructuring expenses. Restructuring expenses are comprised of expenses related to the reorganization of operations in the United Kingdom and Italy and the exiting of certain resort health and wellness center operations in Asia.

Long-lived assets impairment. Long-lived assets impairment is comprised of destination resort agreements-intangible assets, property and equipment charges, operating lease right-of-use assets charges and licensing agreement-intangible charges.

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Other income (expense), net. Other income (expense) consists of interest income, interest expense, changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities and other expense.

Income tax expense (benefit). Income tax expense (benefit) includes current and deferred federal income tax expenses, as well as state and local income taxes.

Net income (loss). Net income (loss) consists of income (loss) from operations less other income (expense) and income tax expense (benefit).

Revenue Drivers and Business Trends

Our revenues and financial performance are impacted by a multitude of

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