Ulta Beauty, Inc. (ULTA) FY 2025 MD&A

Item 7.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

We were founded in 1990 as a beauty retailer at a time when prestige, mass, and salon products were sold through distinct channels – department stores for prestige products; drug stores and mass merchandisers for mass products; and salons and authorized retail outlets for professional hair care products. We developed a unique specialty retail concept that offers a broad range of brands and price points, select beauty services, and a convenient and welcoming shopping environment. We define our target consumer as a beauty enthusiast, a consumer who is passionate about the beauty category, uses beauty for self-expression, experimentation, and self-investment, and has high expectations for the shopping experience. We estimate there are approximately 140 million beauty enthusiasts in the U.S. We believe our strategy provides us with the competitive advantages that have contributed to our financial performance.

Today, we are the largest specialty beauty retailer in the United States and the premier beauty destination for cosmetics, fragrance, skin care products, hair care products, wellness products, and salon services. Key aspects of our business include: a differentiated assortment of approximately 29,000 beauty products across a variety of categories and price points as well as a variety of beauty services, including salon services, in more than 1,400 stores predominantly located in convenient, high-traffic locations; engaging digital experiences delivered through our website, Ulta.com, and our mobile applications; our best-in-class loyalty program that enables members to earn points for every dollar spent on products and beauty services and provides us with deep, proprietary customer insights; and our ability to cultivate human connection with warm and welcoming guest experiences across all of our channels.

The continued growth of our business and any future increases in net sales, net income, and cash flows is dependent on our ability to execute our strategic priorities across four foundational focus areas: 1) Assortment: curating the best of all things beauty and wellness for all beauty enthusiasts; 2) Experience: fostering authentic, empowering human connections that inspire, delight and engage guests at every touchpoint; 3) Loyalty: building lifelong loyalty and brand love through member growth and personalization; and 4) Access: engaging our guests wherever they want to shop by expanding our reach through seamless and immersive omnichannel experiences. We operate in an attractive and growing U.S. beauty products and salon services industry, and believe our strong operating model, competitive advantages, and financial foundation, paired with our investments to drive our growth, position us to capture additional market share in the industry.

Comparable sales is a key metric that is monitored closely within the retail industry. Our comparable sales have fluctuated in the past, and we expect them to continue to fluctuate in the future. A variety of factors affect our comparable sales, including general U.S. economic conditions, changes in merchandise strategy or mix, and timing and effectiveness of our marketing activities, among others.

Over the long term, our growth strategy is to drive profitable growth and market share leadership in beauty and wellness through growing our comparable sales, expanding omnichannel capabilities, and opening new stores. Long-term operating profit is expected to increase as a result of our efforts to drive revenue growth, leverage fixed costs, improve

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merchandise margin, increase operating efficiencies, and grow other revenue, partially offset by incremental investments in new stores and technology to enhance the guest experience, people, assortment, advertising, and depreciation.

Current Trends

Industry trends

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The overall beauty market expanded in 2023 and 2024, supported by on-going consumer engagement with the beauty category. We remain confident that our differentiated and diverse business model, our commitment to strategic investments, and our highly engaged associates will continue to drive market share gains over the long term.

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Impact of inflation and other macroeconomic trends

Persistent inflationary and macroeconomic pressures have impacted consumer spending habits broadly, which we believe may have contributed to lower sales trends throughout fiscal 2024. The continuation of inflationary and macroeconomic pressures could further impact our ability to grow sales and maintain historical profitability levels. In addition, inflation could cause the interest rates on any future debt to remain at an elevated level or increase.

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Basis of presentation

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The Company has one reportable segment, which includes retail stores, salon services, and e-commerce.

We recognize merchandise revenue at the point of sale in our retail stores. E-commerce sales are recognized upon shipment or guest pickup of the merchandise based on meeting the transfer of control criteria. Retail store and e-commerce sales are recorded net of estimated returns. Shipping and handling are treated as costs to fulfill the contract and not a separate performance obligation. Accordingly, we recognize revenue for our single performance obligation related to online sales at the time control of the merchandise passes to the customer, which is at the time of shipment or guest pickup. We provide refunds for merchandise returns within 30 days from the original purchase date. State sales taxes are presented on a net basis as we consider our self a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting state sales tax. Salon service revenue is recognized at the time the service is provided to the guest. Gift card sales revenue is deferred until the guest redeems the gift card. Company coupons and other incentives are recorded as a reduction of net sales. Other revenue includes the private label and co-branded credit card programs, royalties derived from the partnership with Target Corporation, and deferred revenue related to the loyalty program and gift card breakage.

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Comparable sales reflect sales for stores beginning on the first day of the 14th month of operation. Therefore, a store is included in our comparable store base on the first day of the period after one year of operations plus the initial one-month grand opening period. Non-comparable store sales include sales from new stores that have not yet completed their 13th month of operation and stores that were closed for part or all of the period in either year. Remodeled stores are included in comparable sales unless the store was closed for a portion of the current or prior period. Comparable sales include retail sales, salon services, and e-commerce. In fiscal years with 53 weeks, the 53rd week of comparable sales is included in the calculation. In the year following a 53-week year, the prior year period is shifted by one week to compare similar calendar weeks. There may be variations in the way in which some of our competitors and other retailers calculate comparable or same store sales.

Measuring comparable sales allows us to evaluate the performance of our store base as well as several other aspects of our overall strategy. Several factors could positively or negatively impact our comparable sales results:

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Cost of sales includes:

Our cost of sales may be negatively impacted as we open new stores. Changes in our merchandise or channel mix may also have an impact on cost of sales. This presentation of items included in cost of sales may not be comparable to the way in which our competitors or other retailers compute their cost of sales.

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses include:

This presentation of items in selling, general and administrative expenses may not be comparable to the way in which our competitors or other retailers compute their selling, general and administrative expenses.

Pre-opening expenses include non-capital expenditures during the period prior to store opening for new, remodeled, and relocated stores including rent during the construction period for new and relocated stores, store set-up labor, management and employee training, and grand opening advertising.

Interest income represents interest from cash equivalents, which include highly liquid investments such as money market funds and certificates of deposit with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase. Interest expense includes interest costs and facility fees associated with our credit facility, which is structured as an asset-based lending instrument. Our credit facility interest is based on a variable interest rate structure which can result in increased cost in periods of rising or elevated interest rates.

Income tax expense reflects the federal statutory tax rate and the weighted average state statutory tax rate for the states in which we operate stores.

Results of operations

Our fiscal years are the 52- or 53-week periods ending on the Saturday closest to January 31. The Company’s fiscal years ended February 1, 2025 (fiscal 2024), February 3, 2024 (fiscal 2023), and January 28, 2023 (fiscal 2022) were 52, 53, and 52 week years, respectively.

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As of February 1, 2025, we operated 1,445 stores across 50 states. The following tables present the components of our consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated:

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Fiscal year 2024 versus fiscal year 2023

Net sales

Net sales increased $88.4 million, or 0.8%, to $11.3 billion in fiscal 2024 compared to $11.2 billion in fiscal 2023. The net sales increase was primarily due to new store performance, increased comparable sales, and an increase of $3.7 million in other revenue, partially offset by the benefit of an extra week of sales in fiscal 2023. Net sales for the 53rd week of fiscal 2023 were approximately $181.9 million. The total comparable sales increase of 0.7% in fiscal 2024, was driven by a 1.1% increase in average ticket and a 0.4% decrease in transactions. The total comparable sales increase in fiscal 2023 was 5.7%.

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Gross profit

Gross profit increased $6.2 million, or 0.1%, to $4.39 billion in fiscal 2024, compared to $4.38 billion in fiscal 2023. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales decreased 30 basis points to 38.8% in fiscal 2024 compared to 39.1% in fiscal 2023. The decrease in gross profit margin was primarily due to:

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Selling, general and administrative expenses

SG&A expenses increased $114.0 million, or 4.2%, to $2.8 billion in fiscal 2024 compared to $2.7 billion in fiscal 2023. As a percentage of net sales, SG&A expenses increased 90 basis points to 24.9% in fiscal 2024 compared to 24.0% in fiscal 2023. The deleverage of SG&A expenses was primarily due to:

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Pre-opening expenses

Pre-opening expenses increased $5.2 million, or 60.9%, to $13.7 million in fiscal 2024 compared to $8.5 million in fiscal 2023.

Interest income, net

Net interest income was $15.1 million in fiscal 2024 compared to $17.6 million in fiscal 2023, due to lower average cash balances. We did not have any outstanding borrowings on our credit facility as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024.

Income tax expense

Income tax expense of $378.9 million in fiscal 2024 represents an effective tax rate of 24.0%, compared to fiscal 2023 income tax expense of $404.6 million and an effective tax rate of 23.9%.

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Net income

Net income decreased $89.9 million to $1.2 billion in fiscal 2024 compared to $1.3 billion in fiscal 2023. The decrease in net income was primarily due to a $114.0 million increase in SG&A expenses and a $5.2 million increase in pre-opening expenses, partially offset by a $25.7 million decrease in income taxes and a $6.2 million increase in gross profit.

Fiscal year 2023 versus fiscal year 2022

Net sales

Net sales increased $998.7 million, or 9.8%, to $11.2 billion in fiscal 2023 compared to $10.2 billion in fiscal 2022. The net sales increase was primarily due to increased comparable sales, strong new store performance, an increase of $68.3 million in other revenue and the benefit of an extra week of sales in fiscal 2023. Net sales for the 53rd week of fiscal

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2023 were approximately $181.9 million. The total comparable sales increase of 5.7% in fiscal 2023, compared to an increase of 15.6% in fiscal 2022, was driven by a 7.4% increase in transactions and a 1.5% decrease in average ticket.

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Gross profit

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Gross profit increased $336.6 million, or 8.3%, to $4.4 billion in fiscal 2023, compared to $4.0 billion in fiscal 2022. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales decreased 50 basis points to 39.1% in fiscal 2023 compared to 39.6% in fiscal 2022. The decrease in gross profit margin was primarily due to:

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Selling, general and administrative expenses

SG&A expenses increased $299.3 million, or 12.5%, to $2.7 billion in fiscal 2023 compared to $2.4 billion in fiscal 2022. As a percentage of net sales, SG&A expenses increased 50 basis points to 24.0% in fiscal 2023 compared to 23.5% in fiscal 2022. The deleverage of SG&A expenses was primarily due to:

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Pre-opening expenses

Pre-opening expenses decreased $2.1 million, or 19.7%, to $8.5 million in fiscal 2023 compared to $10.6 million in fiscal 2022.

Interest income, net

Net interest income was $17.6 million in fiscal 2023 compared to $4.9 million in fiscal 2022, due to higher average interest rates on cash balances. We did not have any outstanding borrowings on our credit facility as of February 3, 2024 and January 28, 2023.

Income tax expense

Income tax expense of $404.6 million in fiscal 2023 represents an effective tax rate of 23.9%, compared to fiscal 2022 income tax expense of $401.1 million and an effective tax rate of 24.4%. The lower income tax rate is primarily due to a decrease in state income taxes compared to fiscal 2022 and a tax benefit from the income tax accounting for stock-based compensation.

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Net income

Net income increased $48.6 million to $1.3 billion in fiscal 2023 compared to $1.2 billion in fiscal 2022. The increase in net income was primarily due to a $336.6 million increase in gross profit, partially offset by a $299.3 million increase in SG&A expenses and a $3.5 million increase in income taxes.

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Liquidity and capital resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operations, and borrowings under our credit facility. The most significant components of our working capital are merchandise inventories, cash and cash equivalents, and receivables, reduced by accounts payable, deferred revenue, and accrued liabilities. As of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $703.2 million and $766.6 million, respectively.

Our primary cash needs are for rent, capital expenditures for new, remodeled, and relocated stores, increased merchandise inventories related to store expansion and new brand additions, supply chain improvements, share repurchases, and continued investment in our information technology systems.

Our most significant ongoing short-term cash requirements relate primarily to funding operations (including expenditures for lease expenses, inventory, labor, distribution, advertising and marketing, and tax liabilities) as well as periodic spend for capital expenditures, investments, and share repurchases. Our working capital needs are greatest from August through November each year as a result of our inventory build-up during this period for the approaching holiday season.

Long-term cash requirements primarily relate to funding lease expenses and other purchase commitments.

We generally fund short-term and long-term cash requirements with cash from operating activities. We believe our primary sources of liquidity will satisfy our cash requirements over both the short term (the next twelve months) and long term.

The following table summarizes contractual cash requirements as of February 1, 2025:

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Purchase obligations reflect legally binding agreements entered into by the Company to purchase goods or services. The amount of purchase obligations relates to commitments for products and services and other goods and service contracts entered into as of February 1, 2025. Excluded from purchase obligations are normal purchases and contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business.

Cash flows

We believe our ability to generate substantial cash from operating activities and readily secure financing at competitive rates are key strengths that give us significant flexibility to meet our short and long-term financial commitments.

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The following table presents a summary of our cash flows during the last three years:

Operating activities

Operating activities consist of net income adjusted for certain non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization, non-cash lease expense, deferred income taxes, stock-based compensation expense, realized gains or losses on disposal of property and equipment, and the effect of working capital changes.

The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 is mainly due to the decrease in net income, a larger increase in merchandise inventories in fiscal 2024, and timing of deferred income taxes, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accrued liabilities, accounts payable, and deferred revenue.

Merchandise inventories, net were $2.0 billion at February 1, 2025, compared to $1.7 billion at February 3, 2024, representing an increase of $226.1 million or 13.0%. The increase in total inventory is primarily due to the following:

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The decrease in net income was primarily due to an increase in SG&A expenses and pre-opening expenses, partially offset by a decrease in income taxes and an increase in gross profit.

The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022 is mainly due to the timing of accrued liabilities, accounts payable, receivable collections, prepaid income taxes, and prepaid expenses and other current assets and a larger increase in merchandise inventories in fiscal 2023, partially offset by the increase in net income and non-cash lease expense.

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Investing activities

We have historically used cash primarily for new, remodeled, relocated, and refreshed stores, supply chain investments, short-term investments, and investments in information technology systems. Investment activities for capital expenditures were $374.5 million during fiscal 2024, compared to $435.3 million during fiscal 2023.

The decrease in net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2024 relative to fiscal 2023 was primarily due to less capital expenditures for information technology systems and supply chain, partially offset by more capital expenditures for new, remodeled, and relocated stores compared to fiscal 2023.

The increase in net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2023 relative to fiscal 2022 was primarily due to more capital expenditures for new, remodeled, and relocated stores and information technology systems compared to fiscal 2022.

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Capital expenditures

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The following table presents a summary of our store activities during the last three years:

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During fiscal 2024, the average investment required to open a new Ulta Beauty store was approximately $2.1 million, which includes capital investment net of landlord contributions, pre-opening expenses, and initial inventory net of payables.

Capital expenditures during the last three years by major category are as follows:

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Our future investments will depend primarily on the number of new, remodeled, and relocated stores, information technology systems investments, and supply chain investments that we undertake and the timing of these expenditures. Based on past performance and current expectations, we believe our sources of liquidity will be sufficient to fund future capital expenditures. We expect fiscal 2025 capital expenditures will be up to $500 million and will be used primarily to fund our new, remodeled, and relocated stores and strategic priorities, including investments in information technology systems and supply chain optimization.

Financing activities

Financing activities include share repurchases, borrowing and repayment of our revolving credit facility, and capital stock transactions. Purchases of treasury shares represent the fair value of common shares repurchased from plan participants in connection with shares withheld to satisfy minimum statutory tax obligations upon the vesting of restricted stock.

The increase in net cash used in financing activities in fiscal 2024 relative to fiscal 2023 was primarily due to an increase in share repurchases.

The increase in net cash used in financing activities in fiscal 2023 relative to fiscal 2022 was primarily due to an increase in share repurchases and less stock options exercised.

We had no borrowings outstanding under the credit facility at the end of fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022. The zero outstanding borrowings position is due to a combination of factors including sales demand, overall performance of management initiatives including expense control, and inventory and other working capital reductions. We may require borrowings under the facility from time to time in future periods for unexpected business disruptions, to support our new store program, seasonal inventory needs, or share repurchases.

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Share repurchase program

In March 2022, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program (the 2022 Share Repurchase Program) pursuant to which the Company could repurchase up to $2.0 billion of the Company’s common stock. The 2022 Share Repurchase Program revoked the previously authorized but unused amounts from the earlier share repurchase program. The 2022 Share Repurchase Program did not have an expiration date but provided for suspension or discontinuation at any time.

In March 2024, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program (the March 2024 Share Repurchase Program) pursuant to which the Company could repurchase up to $2.0 billion of the Company’s common stock. The March 2024 Share Repurchase Program authorization revoked the previously authorized but unused amounts from the 2022 Share Repurchase Program. The March 2024 Share Repurchase Program did not have an expiration date but provided for suspension or discontinuation at any time.

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In October 2024, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program (the October 2024 Share Repurchase Program) pursuant to which the Company may repurchase up to $3.0 billion of the Company’s common stock. The October 2024 Share Repurchase Program authorization revoked the previously authorized but unused amounts from the March 2024 Share Repurchase Program. The October 2024 Share Repurchase Program does not have an expiration date and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

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A summary of common stock repurchase activity is presented in the following table:

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Credit facility

On March 13, 2024, we entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Second Amended and Restated Loan Agreement (as so amended, the Loan Agreement) with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, Collateral Agent and a Lender thereunder; Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Lead Arrangers and Bookrunners; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Syndication Agent and a Lender; PNC Bank, National Association, as Documentation Agent and a Lender; and the other lenders party thereto. The Loan Agreement matures on March 13, 2029, provides maximum revolving loans equal to the lesser of $800.0 million or a percentage of eligible owned inventory and eligible owned receivables (which borrowing base may, at the election of the Company and satisfaction of certain conditions, include a percentage of qualified cash), contains a $50.0 million subfacility for letters of credit and allows the Company to increase the revolving facility by an additional $200.0 million, subject to the consent by each lender and other conditions. The Loan Agreement contains a requirement to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.0 to 1.0 during such periods when availability under the Loan Agreement falls below a specified threshold. Substantially all of the Company’s assets are pledged as collateral for outstanding borrowings under the Loan Agreement. Outstanding borrowings bear interest, at the Company’s election, at either a base rate plus a margin of 0.5% to 1.0% or the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus a margin of 1.5% to 2.0%, and a credit spread adjustment of 0.10%, with such margins based on the Company’s borrowing availability, and the unused line fee is 0.25% to 0.375% per annum.

As of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, we had no borrowings outstanding under the credit facility and we were in compliance with all terms and covenants of the Loan Agreement.

Seasonality

Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuation. Significant portions of our net sales and profits are realized during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year due to the holiday selling season. To a lesser extent, our business is also affected by

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Mother’s Day and Valentine’s Day. Any decrease in sales during these higher sales volume periods could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results for the entire fiscal year. Our quarterly results of operations have varied in the past and are likely to do so again in the future. As such, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations should not be relied upon as an indication of our future performance.

Critical accounting policies and estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements required the use of estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of our assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. Management bases estimates on historical experience and other assumptions it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances and evaluates these estimates on an on-going basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates. A discussion of our more significant estimates follows. Management has discussed the development, selection, and disclosure of these estimates and assumptions with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

Inventory valuation

Merchandise inventories are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the moving average cost method and includes costs incurred to purchase and distribute goods as well as related vendor allowances including co-op advertising, markdowns, and volume discounts. We record valuation adjustments to our inventories if the cost of a specific product on hand exceeds the amount we expect to realize from the ultimate sale or disposal of the inventory as well as for any excess or discontinued inventory. These estimates are based on management’s judgment regarding future demand, age of inventory, and analysis of historical experience. If actual demand or market conditions are different than those projected by management, future merchandise margin rates may be affected by adjustments to these estimates.

Inventories are adjusted for the results of periodic physical inventory counts at each of our locations. We record a shrink reserve representing management’s estimate of inventory losses by location that have occurred since the date of the last physical count. This estimate is based on management’s analysis of historical results, including consideration of current loss rates.

We do not believe that there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the future estimates or assumptions we use to calculate our inventory reserves. Adjustments to earnings resulting from revisions to management’s estimates of the inventory reserves have been insignificant during fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022. An increase or decrease in the lower of cost or net realizable value reserve of 10% would not have a material impact on our operating income for fiscal 2024. An increase or decrease in the shrink rate included in the shrink reserve calculation of 10% would not have a material impact on our operating income for fiscal 2024.

Vendor allowances

The majority of cash consideration received from a vendor is considered to be a reduction of the cost of the related products and is reflected in cost of sales in our consolidated statements of income as the related products are sold unless it is in exchange for an asset or service or a reimbursement of a specific, incremental, identifiable cost incurred by the Company in selling the vendors’ products. We estimate the amount recorded as a reduction of inventory at the end of each period based on a detailed analysis of inventory turns and management’s analysis of the facts and circumstances of the various contractual agreements with vendors. We record cash consideration expected to be received from vendors in receivables. We do not believe there is a reasonable likelihood there will be a material change in the future estimates or assumptions we use to calculate our reduction of inventory. An increase or decrease in inventory turns of five basis points would not have a material impact on our operating income for fiscal 2024.

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Impairment of long-lived tangible assets

We review long-lived tangible assets whenever events or circumstances indicate these assets might not be recoverable. Assets are primarily reviewed at the store level, which is the lowest level for which cash flows can be identified. Significant estimates are used in determining future operating results of each store over its remaining lease term. An impairment loss would be recorded if the carrying amount of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. We do not believe there is a reasonable likelihood there will be a material change in the future estimates or assumptions we use to calculate our impairment charges. No impairment charges were recognized in fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022.

Loyalty program

We maintain a customer loyalty program, Ulta Beauty Rewards, which allows members to earn points based on purchases of merchandise or services. Points earned are valid for at least one year. The loyalty program represents a material right to the customer and points may be redeemed on future products and services. Revenue from the loyalty program is recognized when the members redeem points or points expire. We defer revenue related to points earned that have not yet been redeemed. The amount of deferred revenue includes estimates for the standalone selling price of points earned by members and the percentage of points expected to be redeemed. The expected redemption percentage is based on historical redemption patterns and considers current information or trends. The standalone selling price of points earned and the estimated redemption rate is evaluated each reporting period. We do not believe there is a reasonable likelihood there will be a material change in the future estimates or assumptions used to calculate the estimated redemption rate.

Adjustments to earnings resulting from revisions to management’s estimates of the redemption rates have been insignificant during fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022. An increase or decrease in the estimated redemption rate of 5% would not have a material impact on our operating income in fiscal 2024.

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Income taxes

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We are subject to income taxes in the United States. Judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes and income tax assets and liabilities, including evaluating uncertainties in the application of accounting principles and complex tax laws.

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We recognize deferred income taxes for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which temporary differences are anticipated to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in income tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of income in the period of enactment. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized unless it is more-likely-than-not that such assets will be realized in full. The estimated tax benefit of an uncertain tax position is recorded in our consolidated financial statements only after determining a more-likely-than-not probability that the uncertain tax position will withstand challenge, if any, from applicable taxing authorities.

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Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized on our consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Variations in the actual outcome of these future tax consequences could materially impact our consolidated financial statements.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, “Summary of significant accounting policies – Recently adopted accounting pronouncements.”

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Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, “Summary of significant accounting policies – Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted.”