Andersons, Inc. (ANDE)

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward Looking Statements

The following “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contains forward-looking statements which relate to future events or future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the effects of economic, weather and agricultural conditions, regulatory conditions, competition globally and in the markets the Company serves, geopolitical risk, fluctuations in cost and availability of commodities, the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting and the unpredictability of existing and possible future litigation. However, it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors. The reader is urged to carefully consider these risks and others, including those risk factors listed under Item 1A of the 2025 Form 10-K. In some cases, the reader can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as may, anticipates, believes, estimates, predicts, or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. Actual events or results may differ materially. These forward-looking statements relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made and the Company undertakes no obligation, other than any imposed by law, to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Although management believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, management cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The critical accounting policies and critical accounting estimates, as described in the 2025 Form 10-K, have not materially changed through the second quarter of 2026.

Executive Overview

The agricultural commodity-based business is one in which changes in selling prices generally move in relationship to changes in purchase prices. Therefore, increases or decreases in prices of the agricultural commodities that the business deals in will have a relatively equal impact on sales and merchandising revenues and cost of sales and merchandising revenues and a much less significant impact on gross profit. As a result, changes in sales and merchandising revenues and cost of sales and merchandising revenues between periods may not necessarily be indicative of the overall performance of the business and greater emphasis should be placed on changes in gross profit.

Agribusiness

The Agribusiness segment’s second quarter operating results showed a modest improvement in a dynamic and challenging environment. The Company's fertilizer business led the improvement with higher margins on lower volumes. The merchandising results also improved, driven by higher commodity prices and increased volatility early in the quarter, partially offset by fuel surcharges. Grain asset performance was comparable to the prior year as basis values remained muted and producers remained reluctant to market stored grains.

The Company is continuing to monitor growing conditions and crop progress. Currently, the eastern corn belt has experienced favorable growing conditions, which could support harvest volumes and grain ownership opportunities this fall. Drier conditions in western production regions could pressure grain asset earnings; however, any resulting market dislocations and volatility should create additional merchandising opportunities. Above-average corn acreage should support demand for fall fertilizer applications, although grower economics could influence purchasing decisions. The Company's diversified agribusiness portfolio remains well positioned to capitalize on both harvest-related opportunities and periods of increased market volatility in the second half of the year.

Total Agribusiness grain storage capacity at company-owned or leased grain facilities, including temporary pile storage, was approximately 266 million and 278 million bushels at June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The storage capacity at our nutrient facilities was evenly split between dry and liquid storage with a total capacity of approximately one million tons at June 30, 2026 and 2025.

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Renewables

The Renewables segment achieved its highest second quarter results to date on efficient plant operations and improved margins. Strong ethanol export demand and healthy domestic consumption drove higher board crush margins year-over-year, partially offset by firmer corn basis levels. Second quarter results include $24.2 million of clean fuel production credits. Our merchandising businesses also delivered improved results, benefiting from market volatility surrounding the Renewable Volume Obligation ("RVO") announcement, resulting in higher distillers corn oil and Renewable Identification Number ("RIN") values.

Ethanol market fundamentals remain supportive as we anticipate continued strong demand, driven by increasing global blend rates and favorable domestic blending economics. Renewable feedstocks are also expected to benefit from healthy bio-based diesel demand and supportive renewable fuel markets.

Ethanol and related co-products volumes sold were as follows:

(a) Includes corn oil, soybean oil, and other fats, oils, and greases.

(b) Dried distillers grains ("DDG") tons shipped converts wet tons to a dry ton equivalent amount.

Other

Our “Other” activities include corporate income and expense and cost for functions that provide support and services to the operating segments. The results include expenses and benefits not allocated to the operating segments and other elimination and consolidation adjustments.

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Operating Results

The following discussion focuses on the operating results as shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and includes a separate discussion by segment. Additional segment information is included herein in Note 3, Segment Information.

Comparison of the three months ended June 30, 2026, with the three months ended June 30, 2025, including a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP measures:

The Company uses Income (loss) before income taxes attributable to the Company, a non-GAAP financial measure as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, to evaluate the Company’s financial performance. This performance measure is not defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and should be considered in addition to, and not in lieu of, GAAP financial measures. Management believes that Income (loss) before income taxes attributable to the Company is a useful measure of the Company’s performance as it provides investors additional information about the Company's operations, allowing evaluation of underlying business performance and period-to-period comparability. This measure is not intended to replace or be an alternative to Income (loss) before income taxes, the most directly comparable measure reported under GAAP.

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Agribusiness

Operating results for the Agribusiness segment increased from the same period of the prior year. Sales and merchandising revenues decreased by $301.7 million and cost of sales and merchandising revenues decreased by $316.5 million resulting in increased gross profit of $14.7 million. The majority of the decreases in sales and merchandising revenues and the related cost of sales and merchandising revenues were attributable to the Company's ongoing portfolio optimization efforts, including actions taken to reduce its participation in underperforming merchandising businesses. Gross profit increased $14.7 million compared to the prior year period, primarily due to a $9.8 million improvement in the Company's merchandising businesses, driven by higher commodity prices and favorable market volatility early in the quarter. Additionally, recent growth investments contributed positively to gross profit, while ongoing portfolio optimization efforts improved overall profitability. These benefits were partially offset by higher fuel surcharge costs. The year-over-year increase also reflects modest improvements in gross profit across the remainder of the Company's business portfolio.

Operating, administrative and general expenses increased by $8.1 million, primarily driven by increased incentives from the Company's strong operating performance.

Interest expense, net increased $2.0 million from the prior year due to increased borrowings on the Company's revolving credit facility.

Other income, net decreased by $3.7 million, primarily reflecting a $5.5 million reduction in property insurance recoveries recognized in the current quarter.

Renewables

Operating results for the Renewables segment increased by $55.3 million compared to the same qua

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Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of the Company. MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes to Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K). This section generally discusses the results of our operations for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. For a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, please refer to Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed on February 19, 2025.

Executive Overview

Effective January 1, 2025, the Company realigned its organizational structure to better reflect updates in management reporting resulting in a change in reportable segments. As a result, the former Trade segment was combined with the former Nutrient & Industrial segment in the newly formed Agribusiness segment along with several smaller business lines being moved between the Agribusiness and Renewables segments. All prior period segment information has been recast to conform to the current year presentation.

The agricultural commodity-based business is one in which changes in selling prices generally move in relationship to changes in purchase prices. Therefore, increases or decreases in prices of the commodities that the business deals in will have a relatively equal impact on sales and merchandising revenues and cost of sales and merchandising revenues and a much less significant impact on gross profit. As a result, changes in sales and merchandising revenues between periods may not necessarily be indicative of the overall performance of the business and greater emphasis should be placed on changes in gross profit.

Agribusiness

The Agribusiness segment's operating results declined from the prior year as the segment faced difficult market conditions, including an oversupplied market, low commodity prices, and muted volatility through much of the year. These conditions kept commercial activity more short-term in nature, creating margin pressure in our merchandising business. We saw improvement through the record fall corn harvest, as our western footprint was able to accumulate good volumes at favorable values. In addition, our eastern footprint was able to recognize good elevation margins on corn from strong export and ethanol demand in the last part of the year. The premium ingredient business continued its steady performance, leveraging recent investments into this space. The fertilizer business benefited a large spring application season with the highest corn plantings in recent history.

Our complementary asset footprint should provide some uplift in 2026, with more traditional basis appreciation opportunities in the west, while continued export demand would benefit elevation margins for the eastern assets. Sorghum exports remained strong into early 2026 which we expect will benefit our Skyland Grain, LLC ("Skyland") and Houston port export assets. As on-farm grain volumes come to market, merchandising opportunities may arise. Domestic premium ingredient demand is also expected to stay solid and should continue to support recent capital growth investments. Expected corn plantings are higher than historical average, which may drive demand for nitrogen products, but volumes will be dependent on farmer economics.

Total Agribusiness grain storage space capacity at company-owned or leased grain facilities, including temporary pile storage, was approximately 271 million and 291 million bushels at December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. The decrease in grain storage capacity from the same period of the prior year was due to a current year incident at a grain terminal in Sunray, Texas, as well as the closing of several smaller underperforming grain locations. The storage capacity at our nutrient facilities was evenly split between dry and liquid storage with a total capacity of approximately one million tons at December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

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Renewables

The Renewables segment had another solid performance in 2025 led by strong operations at the Company's ethanol plants. Our plants had another outstanding production year, once again setting a record for gallons produced. Ethanol board crush improved $0.02 per gallon over 2024, which was more than offset by higher corn basis in the east and higher natural gas cost. We acquired 100% of our ethanol plants at the end of July, which generated nearly $40 million of incremental plant income before income taxes attributable to the company in the back half of the year. Finally, with our focus on running efficient ethanol plants, we were able to qualify for and realize $35 million of Section 45Z clean fuel production tax credits in 2025.

Favorable biofuels policies, continuing elevated export demand, upcoming planned industry maintenance, and the summer gasoline demand should all support ethanol fundamentals this year. Renewable feedstocks merchandising should also benefit this year with the proposed robust Renewable Volume Obligations establishing the volume of renewable fuels that must be blended into transportation fuels.

Volumes shipped were as follows:

(a) Includes corn oil, soybean oil, and other fats, oils, and greases.

(b) Dried distillers grains ("DDG") tons shipped converts wet tons to a dry ton equivalent amount.

Other

The Company's “Other” activities include corporate income and expense and cost for functions that provide support and services to the operating segments. The results include expenses and benefits not allocated to the operating segments and other elimination and consolidation adjustments.

Operating Results

The following discussion focuses on the operating results as shown in the Consolidated Statements of Operations with a separate discussion by segment. Additional segment information is included in Note 10 to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.

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The Company uses Non-GAAP Income (loss) before income taxes attributable to the Company, a non-GAAP financial measure as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, to evaluate the Company’s financial performance. This performance measure is not defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and should be considered in addition to, and not in lieu of, GAAP financial measures.

Management believes that Non-GAAP Income (loss) before income taxes attributable to the Company is a useful measure of the Company’s performance as it provides investors additional information about the Company's operations allowing better evaluation of underlying business performance and better period-to-period comparability. This measure is not intended to replace or be an alternative to Income (loss) before income taxes, the most directly comparable amount reported under GAAP, which is also presented in the table above.

Comparison of 2025 with 2024

Agribusiness

Operating results for the Agribusiness segment decreased by $52.2 million from the prior year results. Sales and merchandising revenues decreased $196.4 million and cost of sales and merchandising revenues decreased by $230.3 million resulting in a $33.9 million increase in gross profit. The decrease in sales and merchandising revenues and cost of sales and merchandising revenues can be attributed to both reduced commodity prices and volumes in the Company's legacy footprint. This decrease in the legacy business was partially offset by the increase in sales and merchandising revenues and cost of sales and merchandising revenues from the full year impact of our Skyland investment, which we acquired in November 2024 and added $468.0 million and $392.0 million, respectively in 2025. Gross profit increased by $33.9 million from the prior year with $76.0 million of the increase as a result of additional Skyland gross profit, which was partially offset by reduced results from our legacy asset and merchandising businesses from limited trade flows due to a surplus of grain supplies and weak customer demand.

Operating, administrative and general expenses increased $68.8 million compared to prior year, with substantially all of the increase related to the acquired Skyland business.

Asset impairment charges of $14.8 million were related to closing several smaller underperforming grain and nutrient locations along with a facility that was damaged from a grain explosion.

Interest expense increased by $12.6 million, with substantially all of the increase due to increased borrowing related to the acquired Skyland business.

Other income, net increased by $9.7 million primarily driven by $16.8 million of additional property insurance recoveries that were partially offset by less interest income from less cash on hand.

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