Apollo Global Management, Inc. (APO)

ITEM 2.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with Apollo Global Management, Inc.’s condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes within this quarterly report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of events may differ significantly from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those included in the section entitled “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2025 Annual Report. The highlights listed below have had significant effects on many items within our condensed consolidated financial statements and affect the comparison of the current period’s activity with those of prior periods.

General

Our Businesses

Founded in 1990, Apollo is a high-growth, global alternative asset manager and a retirement services provider. Apollo conducts its business primarily in the U.S. through the following three reportable segments: Asset Management, Retirement Services and Principal Investing. These business segments are differentiated based on the investment services they provide as well as varying investing strategies.

Asset Management

Our Asset Management segment focuses on credit and equity investing strategies. We have a flexible mandate in many of the funds we manage which enables the funds to invest opportunistically across a company’s capital structure. We raise, invest and manage funds, accounts and other vehicles on behalf of some of the world’s most prominent pension, endowment and sovereign wealth funds and insurance companies, as well as other institutional and individual investors. As of March 31, 2026, we had total AUM of $1.03 trillion.

The credit and equity investing strategies of our Asset Management segment reflect the range of investment capabilities across our platform, from investment grade to private equity. As an asset manager, we earn fees for providing investment management services and expertise to our client base. The amount of fees charged for managing these assets depends on the underlying investment strategy, liquidity profile, and, ultimately, our ability to generate returns for our clients. We also earn capital solutions fees as part of our growing capital solutions business and as part of monitoring and deployment activity alongside our private equity franchise. After expenses, we call the resulting earnings stream “Fee Related Earnings” or “FRE”, which represents the primary performance measure for the Asset Management segment.

Credit

Credit is our largest asset management strategy with $834 billion of AUM as of March 31, 2026. Our credit strategy spans third-party strategies and Apollo’s retirement services business across four main investment pillars: direct origination, asset-backed, multi credit and opportunistic credit. Our credit strategy provides flexible, scaled and diverse capital solutions across the entire credit risk-return spectrum, with a focus on generating excess returns through high-quality credit underwriting and origination. Beyond participation in the traditional issuance and secondary credit markets, through our origination platforms and corporate solutions capabilities we seek to originate attractive and safe-yielding assets for the investors in the funds we manage.

Equity

Our equity strategy managed $192 billion of AUM as of March 31, 2026. Across our equity strategy, we maintain our focus on creative structuring and sourcing while working with the management teams of the portfolio companies of the Apollo-managed funds to help transform and grow their businesses. Our flexible mandate and purchase price discipline allow us to embrace complexity and seek attractive outcomes for our stakeholders. Apollo’s equity team has experience across sectors, industries, and geographies spanning its private equity, hybrid value, secondaries equity, AAA, real estate equity, infrastructure and clean transition equity strategies. We have consistently produced attractive long-term investment returns in the traditional private equity funds we manage, generating a 39% gross IRR and a 24% net IRR on a compound annual basis from inception through March 31, 2026.

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Acquisition of Bridge

On September 2, 2025, we completed the previously announced acquisition of Bridge in an all-stock transaction. As a result, Bridge became a consolidated subsidiary of AAM, and its results are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements commencing from the Acquisition Date.

Retirement Services

Our retirement services business is conducted by Athene, a leading financial services company that specializes in issuing, reinsuring and acquiring retirement savings products designed for the increasing number of individuals and institutions seeking to fund retirement needs. Athene’s primary product line is annuities, which include fixed rate, indexed, payout and group annuities issued in connection with pension group annuity transactions and benefit plans. Athene also offers funding agreements and guaranteed investment contracts issued in connection with defined contribution plans. Funding agreements are comprised of funding agreements issued under its FABN program, secured and other funding agreements, which include Athene’s FABR program and direct funding agreements, funding agreements issued to the FHLB and repurchase agreements with an original maturity exceeding one year. Guaranteed investment contracts support stable value investment options within defined contribution plans and allow the contract holder to earn a guaranteed return of principal plus interest. Our asset management business provides a full suite of services for Athene’s investment portfolio, including direct investment management, asset allocation, mergers and acquisitions asset diligence, and certain operational support services including investment compliance, tax, legal and risk management support.

Our retirement services business focuses on generating spread income by combining the two core competencies of (1) sourcing long-term, persistent liabilities and (2) using the global scale and reach of our asset management business to actively source or originate assets with Athene’s preferred risk and return characteristics. Athene’s investment philosophy is to invest a portion of its assets in securities that earn an incremental yield by taking measured liquidity and complexity risk and capitalize on its long-dated, persistent liability profile to prudently achieve higher net investment earned rates, rather than assuming incremental credit risk. A cornerstone of Athene’s investment philosophy is that given the operating leverage inherent in its business, modest investment outperformance can translate to outsized return performance. Because Athene maintains discipline in underwriting attractively priced liabilities, it has the ability to invest in a broad range of high-quality assets to generate attractive earnings.

Principal Investing

Our Principal Investing segment is comprised of our realized performance fee income, realized investment income earned from our balance sheet investments, and certain allocable expenses related to corporate functions supporting the entire company. The Principal Investing segment also includes our growth capital and liquidity resources at AGM. Over time, we may deploy capital into strategic investments that will help accelerate the growth of our Asset Management segment, by broadening our investment management and/or product distribution capabilities or increasing the scalability and/or efficiency of our existing operations. We believe these investments may translate into greater compounded annual growth of Fee Related Earnings.

Given the cyclical nature of realized performance fees, earnings from our Principal Investing segment, or PII, are inherently more volatile in nature than earnings from the Asset Management and Retirement Services segments. We earn fees based on the investment performance of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage and compensate our employees, primarily investment professionals, with a meaningful portion of these proceeds to align our team with investors whose capital we manage and incentivize them to deliver strong investment performance over time. To enhance this alignment, we have increased the proportion of performance fee income we pay to our employees over time.

Business Environment

Economic and Market Conditions

Our asset management and retirement services businesses are affected by the condition of global financial markets and the economy. Price fluctuations within equity, credit, commodity and foreign exchange markets, as well as interest rates and global inflation, which may be volatile and mixed across geographies, can significantly impact the performance of our business, including, but not limited to, the valuation of investments, including those of the funds we manage, and related income we may recognize.

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Adverse economic conditions may result from domestic and global economic and political developments, including plateauing or decreasing economic growth and business activity, changes to U.S. and foreign tariff policies, civil unrest, geopolitical tensions or military action, such as the armed conflicts in the Middle East, including with Iran, and between Ukraine and Russia, and corresponding sanctions, new or evolving legal and regulatory requirements on business investment, hiring, migration, labor supply and global supply chains, and disruptions to the global energy market and supply chains.

The ongoing uncertainty regarding U.S. trade policy, the conflict with Iran and continued inflationary pressures pose a downside risk to the current economic outlook. However, solid growth in the U.S. has resulted in the risk of a recession remaining modest. Tariffs, which are inflationary in nature, remain in place and may have a negative impact on GDP growth. The potential impact of tariffs on corporate earnings remains uncertain and will depend on the duration and outcome of related trade negotiations, as well as the legal and regulatory framework governing tariff implementation, which continues to evolve.

We carefully monitor economic and market conditions, including global inflation, that could potentially give rise to global market volatility and affect our business operations, investment portfolios and derivatives. U.S. inflation remains elevated, with the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reporting the annual U.S. inflation rate increased to 3.3% as of March 31, 2026, compared to 2.7% as of December 31, 2025. The U.S. Federal Reserve has a current benchmark interest rate target range of 3.50% to 3.75%, unchanged from its December 2025 meeting.

Equity market performance declined during the first quarter of 2026. In the U.S., the S&P 500 Index decreased by 4.6% during the first quarter of 2026, following an increase of 2.3% in the fourth quarter of 2025. Global equity markets decreased during the quarter, with the MSCI All Country World ex USA Index decreasing by 0.8%, following an increase of 5.3% in the fourth quarter of 2025.

Conditions in the credit markets may have a significant impact on our business. Credit fundamentals are improving: default rates in both high yield and leveraged loans are declining, distressed exchanges are easing, and at this time a broad credit cycle deterioration does not appear likely. Credit markets experienced slight decreases in the first quarter of 2026, with the BofAML HY Master II Index decreasing by 0.5%, while the Morningstar/LSTA Leveraged Loan Index decreased by 0.8%.

In terms of economic conditions in the U.S., the Bureau of Economic Analysis reported real GDP increased at an annual rate of 2.0% in the first quarter of 2026, following an in

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ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with Apollo Global Management, Inc.’s consolidated financial statements and the related notes as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 and for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of events may differ significantly from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those included in the section of this report entitled “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” The highlights listed below have had significant effects on many items within our consolidated financial statements and affect the comparison of the current period’s activity with those of prior periods.

General

Our Businesses

Founded in 1990, Apollo is a high-growth, global alternative asset manager and a retirement services provider. Apollo conducts its business primarily in the U.S. through the following three reportable segments: Asset Management, Retirement Services and Principal Investing. These business segments are differentiated based on the investment services they provide as well as varying investing strategies. As of December 31, 2025, Apollo had a team of approximately 6,140 employees, including 2,010 employees supporting our Retirement Services segment and 600 employees of Bridge.

Asset Management

Our Asset Management segment focuses on credit and equity investing strategies. We have a flexible mandate in many of the funds we manage which enables the funds to invest opportunistically across a company’s capital structure. We raise, invest and manage funds, accounts and other vehicles on behalf of some of the world’s most prominent pension, endowment and sovereign wealth funds and insurance companies, as well as other institutional and individual investors. As of December 31, 2025, we had total AUM of $938 billion.

The credit and equity investing strategies of our Asset Management segment reflect the range of investment capabilities across our platform, from investment grade to private equity. As an asset manager, we earn fees for providing investment management services and expertise to our client base. The amount of fees charged for managing these assets depends on the underlying investment strategy, liquidity profile, and, ultimately, our ability to generate returns for our clients. We also earn capital solutions fees as part of our growing capital solutions business and as part of monitoring and deployment activity alongside our private equity franchise. After expenses, we call the resulting earnings stream “Fee Related Earnings” or “FRE”, which represents the primary performance measure for the Asset Management segment.

Credit

Credit is our largest asset management strategy with $749 billion of AUM as of December 31, 2025. Our credit strategy spans third-party strategies and Apollo’s retirement services business across four main investment pillars: direct origination, asset-backed, multi credit and opportunistic credit. Our credit strategy provides flexible, scaled and diverse capital solutions across the entire credit risk-return spectrum, with a focus on generating excess returns through high-quality credit underwriting and origination. Beyond participation in the traditional issuance and secondary credit markets, through our origination platforms and corporate solutions capabilities we seek to originate attractive and safe-yielding assets for the investors in the funds we manage.

Equity

Our equity strategy managed $189 billion of AUM as of December 31, 2025. Across our equity strategy, we maintain our focus on creative structuring and sourcing while working with the management teams of the portfolio companies of the Apollo-managed funds to help transform and grow their businesses. Our flexible mandate and purchase price discipline allow us to embrace complexity and seek attractive outcomes for our stakeholders. Apollo’s equity team has experience across sectors, industries, and geographies spanning its private equity, hybrid value, secondaries equity, AAA, real estate equity, infrastructure and clean transition equity strategies. We have consistently produced attractive long-term investment returns in the traditional private equity funds we manage, generating a 39% gross IRR and a 24% net IRR on a compound annual basis from inception through December 31, 2025.

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Acquisition of Bridge

On September 2, 2025, we completed the previously announced acquisition of Bridge in an all-stock transaction. As a result, Bridge became a consolidated subsidiary of AAM, and its results are included in the consolidated financial statements commencing from the Acquisition Date.

Retirement Services

Our retirement services business is conducted by Athene, a leading financial services company that specializes in issuing, reinsuring and acquiring retirement savings products designed for the increasing number of individuals and institutions seeking to fund retirement needs. Athene’s primary product line is annuities, which include fixed rate, indexed, payout and group annuities issued in connection with pension group annuity transactions and defined contribution plans. Athene also offers funding agreements and guaranteed investment contracts issued in connection with defined contribution plans. Funding agreements are comprised of funding agreements issued under its FABN program, secured and other funding agreements, which include Athene’s FABR program and direct funding agreements, funding agreements issued to the FHLB and repurchase agreements with an original maturity exceeding one year. Guaranteed investment contracts support stable value investment options within defined contribution plans and allow the contract holder to earn a guaranteed return of principal plus interest. Our asset management business provides a full suite of services for Athene’s investment portfolio, including direct investment management, asset allocation, mergers and acquisitions asset diligence, and certain operational support services including investment compliance, tax, legal and risk management support.

Our retirement services business focuses on generating spread income by combining the two core competencies of (1) sourcing long-term, persistent liabilities and (2) using the global scale and reach of our asset management business to actively source or originate assets with Athene’s preferred risk and return characteristics. Athene’s investment philosophy is to invest a portion of its assets in securities that earn an incremental yield by taking measured liquidity and complexity risk and capitalize on its long-dated, persistent liability profile to prudently achieve higher net investment earned rates, rather than assuming incremental credit risk. A cornerstone of Athene’s investment philosophy is that given the operating leverage inherent in its business, modest investment outperformance can translate to outsized return performance. Because Athene maintains discipline in underwriting attractively priced liabilities, it has the ability to invest in a broad range of high-quality assets to generate attractive earnings.

Principal Investing

Our Principal Investing segment is comprised of our realized performance fee income, realized investment income earned from our balance sheet investments, and certain allocable expenses related to corporate functions supporting the entire company. The Principal Investing segment also includes our growth capital and liquidity resources at AGM. Over time, we may deploy capital into strategic investments that will help accelerate the growth of our Asset Management segment, by broadening our investment management and/or product distribution capabilities or increasing the scalability and/or efficiency of our existing operations. We believe these investments may translate into greater compounded annual growth of Fee Related Earnings.

Given the cyclical nature of realized performance fees, earnings from our Principal Investing segment, or PII, are inherently more volatile in nature than earnings from the Asset Management and Retirement Services segments. We earn fees based on the investment performance of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage and compensate our employees, primarily investment professionals, with a meaningful portion of these proceeds to align our team with investors whose capital we manage and incentivize them to deliver strong investment performance over time. To enhance this alignment, we have increased the proportion of performance fee income we pay to our employees over time.

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The diagram below depicts our current organizational structure:

Note: The organizational structure chart above depicts a simplified version of the Apollo structure. It does not include all legal entities in the structure.

(1)Includes direct and indirect ownership by AGM.

Business Environment

Economic and Market Conditions

Our asset management and retirement services businesses are affected by the condition of global financial markets and the economy. Price fluctuations within equity, credit, commodity and foreign exchange markets, as well as interest rates and global inflation, which may be volatile and mixed across geographies, can significantly impact the performance of our business, including, but not limited to, the valuation of investments, including those of the funds we manage, and related income we may recognize.

Adverse economic conditions may result from domestic and global economic and political developments, including plateauing or decreasing economic growth and business activity, changes to U.S. and foreign tariff policies, civil unrest, geopolitical tensions or military action, such as the armed conflicts in the Middle East and between Ukraine and Russia, and corresponding sanctions imposed on Russia by the U.S. and other countries, and new or evolving legal and regulatory requirements on business investment, hiring, migration, labor supply and global supply chains.

The ongoing uncertainty regarding trade policy poses a downside risk to the current economic outlook, with lower growth and higher inflationary pressures increasing the risk of a stagflationary environment. Tariffs, which are inflationary in nature, remain in place and may have a negative impact on GDP growth. The potential impact of tariffs on corporate earnings remains uncertain and will depend on the duration and outcome of related trade negotiations.

We carefully monitor economic and market conditions that could potentially give rise to global market volatility and affect our business operations, investment portfolios and derivatives, which include global inflation. U.S. inflation eased slightly in 2025 with the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reporting the annual U.S. inflation rate decreased to 2.7% as of December 31, 2025, compared to 2.9% as of December 31, 2024. The U.S. Federal Reserve has a current benchmark interest rate target range of 3.50% to 3.75%, following a rate cut of 25 basis points at each of its three meetings to end 2025, before holding rates constant at its January 2026 meeting.

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Equity market performance was strong in 2025. In the U.S., the S&P 500 Index increased by 16.4% in 2025, following an increase of 23.3% in 2024. Global equity markets also increased in 2025, with the MSCI All Country World ex USA Index increasing by 32.6%, following an increase of 5.3% in 2024.

Conditions in the credit markets also have a significant impact on our business. Credit markets were positive in 2025, with the BofAML HY Master II Index increasing by 8.5%, while the Morningstar/LSTA Leveraged Loan Index increased by 7.2%.

In terms of economic conditions in the U.S., the Bureau of Economic Analysis reported real GDP increased at an annual rate of 2.2% in 2025, following an increase of 2.8% in 2024. As of January 2026, the International Monetary Fund estimated the U.S. economy will expand by 2.4% in 2026 and 2.0% in 2027. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported the U.S. unemployment rate increased to 4.4% as of December 31, 2025, compared to 4.1% as of December 31, 2024.

Foreign exchange rates can materially impact the valuations of our investments and those of the funds we manage that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The U.S. dollar weakened in 2025 compared to the euro and the British pound. Relative to the U.S. dollar, the euro appreciated 13.4% in 2025, after depreciating 6.2% in 2024, while the British pound appreciated 7.7% in 2025, after depreciating 1.7% in 2024. Oil finished 2025 down 19.9% from 2024.

We are actively monitoring the developments in Ukraine resulting from the Russia/Ukraine conflict and the economic sanctions and restrictions imposed against Russia, Belarus, and certain Russian and Belarussian entities and individuals. The Company continues to (i) identify and assess any exposure to designated persons or entities across the Company’s business; (ii) ensure existing surveillance and controls are calibrated to the evolving sanctions; and (iii) ensure appropriate levels of communication across the Company, and with other relevant market participants, as appropriate.

As of December 31, 2025, the funds we manage have no investments that would cause Apollo or any Apollo managed fund to be in violation of current international sanctions, and we believe the direct exposure of investment portfolios of the funds we manage to Russia and Ukraine is insignificant. The Company and the funds we manage do not intend to make any new material investments in Russia, and have appropriate controls in place to ensure review of any new exposure.

Institutional investors continue to allocate capital towards alternative investment managers in search of more attractive returns, and we believe the business environment remains generally accommodative to raise larger successor funds, launch new products, and pursue attractive strategic growth opportunities.

Interest Rate Environment

Medium and long-term rates decreased in 2025, with the U.S. 10-year Treasury yield at 4.18% as of December 31, 2025, compared to 4.58% as of December 31, 2024. Short-term rates decreased in 2025, with the 3-month secured overnight financing rate at 3.65% as of December 31, 2025 compared to 4.31% as of December 31, 2024.

With respect to Retirement Services, Athene’s investment portfolio predominantly consists of fixed maturity investments. If prevailing interest rates were to rise, we believe the yield on Athene’s new investment purchases may also rise and its investment income from floating rate investments would increase, while the value of its existing investments may decline. If prevailing interest rates were to decline significantly, the yield on Athene’s new investment purchases may decline and its investment income from floating rate investments would decrease, while the value of its existing investments may increase.

Athene addresses interest rate risk through managing the duration of the liabilities it sources with assets it acquires through asset liability management (“ALM”) modeling. As part of its investment strategy, Athene purchases floating rate investments, which are expected to perform well in a rising interest rate environment and are expected to underperform in a declining rate environment. Athene manages its interest rate risk in a declining rate environment through hedging activity or the issuance of additional floating rate liabilities to lower its overall net floating rate position. As of December 31, 2025, Athene’s net invested asset portfolio included $48.6 billion of floating rate investments, or 17% of its net invested assets, and its net reserve liabilities included $45.1 billion of floating rate liabilities at notional, or 16% of its net invested assets, resulting in $3.5 billion of net floating rate assets, or 1% of its net invested assets.

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If prevailing interest rates were to rise, we believe Athene’s products would be more attractive to consumers and its sales would likely increase. If prevailing interest rates were to decline, it is likely that Athene’s products would be less attractive to consumers and its sales would likely decrease. In periods of prolonged low interest rates, the net investment spread may be negatively impacted by reduced investment income to the extent Athene is unable to adequately reduce policyholder crediting rates due to policyholder guarantees in the form of minimum crediting rates or otherwise due to market conditions. A significant majority of Athene’s deferred annuity products have crediting rates that it may reset annually upon renewal, following the expiration of the current guaranteed period. While Athene has the contractual ability to lower these crediting rates to the guaranteed minimum levels at renewal, its willingness to do so may be limited by competitive pressures. Athene’s funding agreements and other investment-type products, the latter of which is comprised of immediate annuities without significant mortality risk (which includes pension group annuities without life contingencies), guaranteed investment contracts and assumed endowments without significant mortality risks, provide little to no discretionary ability to change the rates of interest that determine the amounts payable to the respective policyholder or institution.

See “Part II—Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” which includes a discussion regarding interest rate and other significant risks and our strategies for managing these risks.

Overview of Results of Operations

Financial Measures under U.S. GAAP – Asset Management

The following discussion of financial measures under U.S. GAAP is based on Apollo’s asset management business as of December 31, 2025.

Revenues

Management Fees

The significant growth of the assets we manage has had a positive effect on our revenues. Management fees are typically calculated based upon any of “net asset value,” “gross assets,” “adjusted par asset value,” “adjusted costs of all unrealized portfolio investments,” “capital commitments,” “invested capital,” “adjusted assets,” “capital contributions,” or “stockholders’ equity,” each as defined in the applicable limited partnership agreement and/or management agreement of the unconsolidated funds or accounts.

Advisory and Transaction Fees, Net

As a result of providing advisory services with respect to actual and potential investments, we are entitled to receive fees for transactions related to the acquisition and, in certain instances, disposition and financing of companies, some of which are portfolio companies of the funds we manage, as well as fees for ongoing monitoring of portfolio company operations and directors’ fees. We also receive advisory fees for advisory services provided to certain funds. In addition, monitoring fees are generated on certain structured portfolio company investments. Under the terms of the limited partnership agreements for certain funds, the management fee payable by the funds may be subject to a reduction based on a certain percentage (up to 100%) of such advisory and transaction fees, net of applicable broken deal costs (“Management Fee Offset”). Such amounts are presented as a reduction to advisory and transaction fees, net, in the consolidated statements of operations. See note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for more detail on advisory and transaction fees, net.

Performance Fees

The general partners of the funds we manage are entitled to an incentive return of normally up to 20% of the total returns of a fund’s capital, depending upon performance of the underlying funds and subject to preferred returns and high water marks, as applicable. Performance fees, categorized as performance allocations, are accounted for as an equity method investment, and effectively, the performance fees for any period are based upon an assumed liquidation of the funds’ assets at the reporting date, and distribution of the net proceeds in accordance with the funds’ allocation provisions. Performance fees categorized as incentive fees, which are not accounted for as an equity method investment, are deferred until fees are probable to not be significantly reversed. The majority of performance fees are comprised of performance allocations.

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As of December 31, 2025, approximately 36% of the value of our funds’ investments on a gross basis was determined using market-based valuation methods (i.e., reliance on broker or listed exchange quotes) and the remaining 64% was determined primarily by comparable company and industry multiples or discounted cash flow models. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Asset Management Business—The performance of the funds we manage, and our performance, may be adversely affected by the financial performance of portfolio companies of the funds we manage and the industries in which the funds we manage invest” for discussion regarding certain industry-specific risks that could affect the fair value of certain of the portfolio company investments of the funds we manage.

In certain funds we manage, generally in our equity strategy, the Company does not earn performance fees until the investors have achieved cumulative investment returns on invested capital (including management fees and expenses) in excess of an 8% hurdle rate. Additionally, certain of the credit funds we manage have various performance fee rates and hurdle rates. Certain of the credit funds we manage allocate performance fees to the general partner in a similar manner as the equity funds. In certain funds we manage, as long as the investors achieve their priority returns, there is a catch-up formula whereby the Company earns a priority return for a portion of the return until the Company’s performance fees equate to its performance fee rate for that fund; thereafter, the Company participates in returns from the fund at the performance fee rate. Performance fees, categorized as performance allocations, are subject to reversal to the extent that the performance fees distributed exceed the amount due to the general partner based on a fund’s cumulative investment returns. The Company recognizes potential repayment of previously received performance fees as a general partner obligation representing all amounts previously distributed to the general partner that would need to be repaid to the Apollo funds if these funds were to be liquidated based on the current fair value of the underlying fund’s investments as of the reporting date. The actual general partner obligation, however, would not become payable or realized until the end of a fund’s life or as otherwise set forth in the respective limited partnership agreement of the fund.

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The table below presents an analysis of Apollo’s (i) performance fees receivable on an unconsolidated basis, (ii) unrealized performance fees and (iii) realized performance fees, inclusive of realized incentive fees:

The general partners of certain of the funds we manage accrue performance fees, categorized as performance allocations, when the fair value of investments exceeds the cost basis of the individual investors’ investments in the fund, including any allocable share of expenses incurred in connection with such investments, which we refer to as “high water marks.” These high water marks are applied on an individual investor basis. Certain of the funds we manage have investors with various high water marks, the achievement of which is subject to market conditions and investment performance.

Performance fees from certain funds we manage are subject to contingent repayment by the general partner in the event of future losses to the extent that the cumulative performance fees distributed from inception to date exceeds the amount computed as due to the general partner at the final distribution. These general partner obligations, if applicable, are included in due to related parties on the consolidated statements of financial condition.

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The following table summarizes our performance fees since inception through December 31, 2025:

Property Management, Development and Other Fees

Apollo provides property management services through Bridge. Apollo earns property management fees over time as the related services are provided under the terms of the respective property management agreements. Apollo also earns leasing commission revenue associated with the leasing of commercial assets, which is recognized upon the execution of the applicable lease agreements, and records development fees as the services are provided under the terms of the applicable development agreements. Other fees are primarily composed of interest on catch-up management fees, fees related to accounting, in-house legal and tax professional services.

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Expenses

Compensation and Benefits

The most significant expense in our asset management business is compensation and benefits expense. This consists of fixed salary, discretionary and non-discretionary bonuses, profit sharing expense associated with the performance fees earned and compensation expense associated with the vesting of non-cash equity-based awards.

Our compensation arrangements with certain employees contain a significant performance-based incentive component. Therefore, as our net revenues increase, our compensation costs rise. Our compensation costs also reflect the increased investment in people as we expand geographically and create new funds.

In addition, certain professionals and selected other individuals have a profit sharing interest in the performance fees earned in order to better align their interests with our own and with those of the investors in the funds we manage. Profit sharing expense is part of our compensation and benefits expense and is generally based upon a fixed percentage of performance fees. Certain of our performance-based incentive arrangements provide for compensation based on realized performance fees which includes fees earned by the general partners of the funds we manage under the applicable fund limited partnership agreements based upon transactions that have closed or other rights to incentive income cash that have become fixed in the applicable calendar year period. Profit sharing expense can reverse during periods when there is a decline in performance fees that were previously recognized. Profit sharing amounts are normally distributed to employees after the corresponding investment gains have been realized. Therefore, changes in our unrealized performance fees have the same effect on our profit sharing expense. Profit sharing expense increases when unrealized performance fees increase. Realizations only impact profit sharing expense to the extent that the effects on investments have not been recognized previously. If losses on other investments within a fund are subsequently realized, the profit sharing amounts previously distributed are normally subject to a general partner obligation to return performance fees previously distributed back to the funds. This general partner obligation due to the funds would generally be realized only when the fund is liquidated, which generally occurs at the end of the fund’s term. However, indemnification obligations also exist for realized gains with respect to certain funds, which, although our Former Managing Partners and Contributing Partners would remain personally liable, may indemnify our Former Managing Partners and Contributing Partners for 17.5% to 100% of the previously distributed profits regardless of the fund’s future performance. See note 18 to our consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s indemnification liability.

The Company grants equity awards to certain employees, including RSUs and restricted shares of common stock, that generally vest and become exercisable in quarterly installments or annual installments depending on the award terms. In some instances, vesting of an RSU is also subject to the Company’s receipt of performance fees, within prescribed periods, sufficient to cover the associated equity-based compensation expense. See note 15 to our consolidated financial statements for further discussion of equity-based compensation.

Other expenses

The balance of our other expenses includes interest, placement fees, and general, administrative and other operating expenses. Interest expense consists primarily of interest related to the senior and subordinated notes as discussed in note 14 to our consolidated financial statements. Placement fees are incurred in connection with our capital raising activities. In cases where the limited partners of the funds are determined to be the customer in an arrangement, placement fees may be capitalized as a cost to acquire a customer contract, and amortized over the life of the customer contract. General, administrative and other expenses includes occupancy expense, depreciation and amortization, professional fees and costs related to travel, information technology and administration. Occupancy expense represents charges related to office leases and associated expenses, such as utilities and maintenance fees. Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets is normally calculated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, ranging from two to sixteen years, taking into consideration any residual value. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the asset or the expected term of the lease. Intangible assets are amortized based on the future cash flows over the expected useful lives of the assets.

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Other Income (Loss)

Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities

Net gains (losses) from investment activities include both realized gains and losses and the change in unrealized gains and losses in our investment portfolio between the opening reporting date and the closing reporting date. Net unrealized gains (losses) are a result of changes in the fair value of unrealized investments and reversal of unrealized gains (losses) due to dispositions of investments during the reporting period. Significant judgment and estimation goes into the assumptions that drive these models and the actual values realized with respect to investments could be materially different from values obtained based on the use of those models. The valuation methodologies applied impact the reported value of investment company holdings and their underlying portfolios in our consolidated financial statements.

Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities of Consolidated Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”)

Changes in the fair value of the consolidated VIEs’ assets and liabilities and related interest, dividend and other income and expenses subsequent to consolidation are presented within net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities and are attributable to non-controlling interests in the consolidated statements of operations.

Other Income (Losses), Net

Other income (losses), net includes interest income, gains (losses) arising from the remeasurement of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement liability and other miscellaneous non-operating income and expenses.

Financial Measures under U.S. GAAP – Retirement Services

The following discussion of financial measures under U.S. GAAP is based on the Company’s retirement services business, which is operated by Athene, as of December 31, 2025.

Revenues

Premiums

Premiums for long-duration contracts, including products with fixed and guaranteed premiums and benefits, are recognized as revenue when due from policyholders. Insurance revenues are reported net of reinsurance ceded.

Product charges

Revenues for universal life-type policies and investment contracts, including surrender and market value adjustments, costs of insurance, policy administration, GMDB, GLWB and no-lapse guarantee charges, are earned when assessed against policyholder account balances during the period.

Net investment income

Net investment income is a significant component of Athene’s total revenues. Athene recognizes investment income as it accrues or is legally due, net of investment management and custody fees. Investment income on fixed maturity securities includes coupon interest, as well as the amortization of any premium and the accretion of any discount. Investment income on equity securities represents dividend income and preferred coupon interest.

Investment related gains (losses)

Investment related gains (losses) primarily consist of (i) realized gains and losses on sales of investments, (ii) unrealized gains or losses relating to identified risks within AFS securities in fair value hedging relationships, (iii) gains and losses on trading securities, (iv) gains and losses on equity securities, (v) changes in the fair value of the embedded derivatives and derivatives not designated as a hedge, (vi) changes in the fair value of mortgage loan assets, (vii) foreign exchange gains and losses and (viii) changes in the provision for credit losses.

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Expenses

Interest sensitive contract benefits

Interest sensitive contract liabilities are typically associated with universal life-type policies and investment contracts. Universal life-type policies and investment contracts include traditional deferred annuities; indexed annuities consisting of fixed indexed, index-linked variable annuities in the accumulation phase, and assumed indexed universal life without significant mortality risk; funding agreements; immediate annuities without significant mortality risk (which include pension group annuities and structured settlements without life contingencies); universal life insurance; and other investment contracts inclusive of guaranteed investment contracts and assumed endowments without significant mortality risk. Liabilities for traditional deferred annuities, indexed annuities and universal life insurance are carried at the account balances without reduction for potential surrender or withdrawal charges, except for a block of universal life business ceded to Global Atlantic Financial Group Limited (together with its subsidiaries, “Global Atlantic”), which is carried at fair value. Fixed indexed annuity, index-linked variable annuity and indexed universal life insurance contracts contain an embedded derivative. Benefit reserves for these contracts are reported as the sum of the fair value of the embedded derivative and the host (or guaranteed) component of the contracts. The fair value of the embedded derivatives represents the present value of cash flows attributable to the indexed strategies. The host contract is established at contract inception as the initial account value less the initial fair value of the embedded derivative and accreted over the policy’s life. Liabilities for immediate annuities without significant mortality risk (which include pension group annuities and structured settlements without life contingencies), funding agreements, assumed endowments without significant mortality risk and guaranteed investment contracts are calculated as the present value of future liability cash flows and policy maintenance expenses, if any, discounted at contractual interest rates. Certain contracts are offered with additional contract features that meet the definition of a market risk benefit. See “—Market risk benefits remeasurement (gains) losses” below for further information.

Changes in interest sensitive contract liabilities, excluding deposits and withdrawals, are recorded in interest sensitive contract benefits or product charges on the consolidated statements of operations.

Future policy and other policy benefits

Athene issues or reinsures contracts classified as long-duration, which include term and whole life, accident and health, disability, and deferred and immediate annuities with life contingencies (which include pension group annuities and structured settlements with life contingencies).

Liabilities for nonparticipating long-duration contracts are established as the estimated present value of benefits Athene expects to pay to or on behalf of the policyholder and related expenses less the present value of the net premiums to be collected, referred to as the net premium ratio. Liabilities for nonparticipating long-duration contracts are established using accepted actuarial valuation methods, which require the use of assumptions related to discount rate, expenses, longevity, mortality, morbidity, persistency and other policyholder behavior. The liability for nonparticipating long-duration contracts is discounted using an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield aligned to the characteristics of the liability, including the duration and currency of the underlying cash flows.

Changes in the value of the liability for nonparticipating long-duration contracts due to changes in the discount rate are recognized as a component of OCI on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). Changes in the liability for remeasurement gains or losses and all other changes in the liability are recorded in future policy and other policy benefits on the consolidated statements of operations.

Future policy benefits include liabilities for no-lapse guarantees on universal life insurance and fixed indexed universal life insurance. Each reporting period, expected excess benefits and assessments are updated with actual excess benefits and assessments. Athene also periodically revises the key assumptions used in the calculation of the liabilities that result in revisions to the expected excess benefits and assessments. The effects of changes in assumptions are recorded as unlocking in the period in which the changes are made. Changes in the liabilities associated with no-lapse guarantees are recorded in future policy and other policy benefits on the consolidated statements of operations.

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Market risk benefits remeasurement (gains) losses

Market risk benefits represent contracts or contract features that both provide protection to the contract holder from, and expose the insurance entity to, other-than-nominal capital market risk. Athene’s deferred annuity contracts contain GLWB and GMDB riders that meet the criteria for, and are classified as, market risk benefits.

Market risk benefits are measured at fair value at the contract level and may be recorded as a liability or an asset, which are included in market risk benefits or other assets, respectively, on the consolidated statements of financial condition. Fees and assessments collectible from the policyholder at contract inception are allocated to the extent they are attributable to the market risk benefit. If the fees are sufficient to cover the projected benefits, a non-option based valuation model is used. If the fees are insufficient to cover the projected benefits, an option-based valuation model is used to compute the market risk benefit liability at contract inception, with an equal and offsetting adjustment recognized in interest sensitive contract liabilities.

Changes in fair value of market risk benefits are recorded in market risk benefits remeasurement (gains) losses on the consolidated statements of operations, excluding portions attributed to changes in instrument-specific credit risk, which are recorded in OCI on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). Ceded market risk benefits are measured at fair value and recorded within reinsurance recoverable on the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements, and value of business acquired

Costs related directly to the successful acquisition of new, or the renewal of existing, insurance or investment contracts are deferred. These costs consist of commissions and policy issuance costs, as well as sales inducements credited to policyholder account balances, and are included in deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired on the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Deferred costs related to universal life-type policies and investment contracts with significant revenue streams from sources other than investment of the policyholder funds are grouped into cohorts based on issue year and contract type and amortized on a constant level basis over the expected term of the related contracts. The cohorts and assumptions used for the amortization of deferred costs are consistent with those used in estimating the related liabilities for these contracts. Deferred costs related to investment contracts without significant revenue streams from sources other than investment of the policyholder funds are amortized using the effective interest method. The effective interest method amortizes the deferred costs by discounting the future liability cash flows at a break-even rate. The break-even rate is solved for such that the present value of future liability cash flows is equal to the net liability at the inception of the contract. VOBA associated with acquired contracts can be either positive or negative and is amortized in relation to respective policyholder liabilities. Significant assumptions that impact VOBA amortization are consistent with those that impact the measurement of policyholder liabilities.

Amortization of DAC, DSI and VOBA is included in amortization of deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired on the consolidated statements of operations.

Policy and other operating expenses

Policy and other operating expenses include normal operating expenses, policy acquisition expenses, interest expense, dividends to policyholders, integration, restructuring and other non-operating expenses and stock compensation expenses.

Other Financial Measures under U.S. GAAP

Income Taxes

Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and in evaluating income tax positions, including evaluating uncertainties. We recognize the income tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only where the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation, based on the technical merits of the positions. The tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. If a tax position is not considered more likely than not to be sustained, then no benefits of the position are recognized. The Company’s income tax positions are reviewed and evaluated quarterly to determine whether or not we have uncertain tax positions that require financial statement recognition or de-recognition.

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Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences, using currently enacted tax rates, of differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period when the change is enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Non-Controlling Interests

For entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned, a portion of the income or loss and corresponding equity is allocated to owners other than Apollo. The aggregate of the income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by the Company is included in non-controlling interests in the consolidated financial statements. Non-controlling interests primarily include limited partner interests in certain consolidated funds and VIEs.

The authoritative guidance for non-controlling interests in the consolidated financial statements requires reporting entities to present non-controlling interest as equity and provides guidance on the accounting for transactions between an entity and non-controlling interests. According to the guidance, (1) non-controlling interests are presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition, (2) net income (loss) includes the net income (loss) attributable to the non-controlling interest holders on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations, and (3) profits and losses are allocated to non-controlling interests in proportion to their ownership interests regardless of their basis.

Managing Business Performance – Key Segment and Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures

We believe that the presentation of Segment Income supplements a reader’s understanding of the economic operating performance of each of our segments.

Segment Income and Adjusted Net Income

Segment Income is the key performance measure used by management in evaluating the performance of the Asset Management, Retirement Services, and Principal Investing segments. See note 21 to the consolidated financial statements for more details regarding the components of Segment Income and management’s consideration of Segment Income.

We believe that Segment Income is helpful for an understanding of our business and that investors should review the same supplemental financial measure that management uses to analyze our segment performance. This measure supplements and should be considered in addition to and not in lieu of the results of operations discussed above in “—Overview of Results of Operations” that have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Adjusted Net Income (“ANI”) represents Segment Income less HoldCo interest and other financing costs and estimated income taxes. For purposes of calculating the Adjusted Net Income tax rate, Segment Income is reduced by HoldCo interest and financing costs. Income taxes on FRE and PII represents the total current corporate, local, and non-U.S. taxes as well as the current payable under Apollo’s tax receivable agreement. Income taxes on FRE and PII excludes the impacts of deferred taxes and the remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement, which arise from changes in estimated future tax rates. Certain assumptions and methodologies that impact the implied FRE and PII income tax provision are similar to those used under U.S. GAAP. Specifically, certain deductions considered in the income tax provision under U.S. GAAP relating to transaction-related costs, equity-based compensation, charitable contributions and tax deductible interest expense are taken into account for the implied tax provision. Income Taxes on SRE represent the total current and deferred tax expense or benefit on income before taxes adjusted to eliminate the impact of the tax expense or benefit associated with the non-operating adjustments. Management believes the methodologies used to compute income taxes on FRE, SRE, and PII are meaningful to each segment and increases comparability of income taxes between periods.

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Fee Related Earnings, Spread Related Earnings and Principal Investing Income

Fee Related Earnings, or “FRE”, is a component of Segment Income that is used to assess the performance of the Asset Management segment.

Spread Related Earnings, or “SRE”, is a component of Segment Income that is used to assess the performance of the Retirement Services segment, excluding certain market volatility, which consists of investment gains (losses), net of offsets and non-operating change in insurance liabilities and related derivatives, and certain expenses related to integration, restructuring, and equity-based compensation, as well as other items.

Non-operating change in insurance liabilities and related derivatives includes the change in fair values of derivatives and embedded derivatives, non-operating change in funding agreements, change in fair value of market risk benefits, and non-operating change in liability for future policy benefits.

Principal Investing Income, or “PII”, is a component of Segment Income that is used to assess the performance of the Principal Investing segment.

See note 21 to the consolidated financial statements for more details regarding the components of FRE, SRE, and PII.

We use Segment Income, ANI, FRE, SRE and PII as measures of operating performance, not as measures of liquidity. These measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income or other income data prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The use of these measures without consideration of their related U.S. GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described above.

Net Invested Assets

In managing its business, Athene analyzes net invested assets, which does not correspond to total Athene investments, including investments in related parties, as disclosed in the consolidated statements of financial condition and notes thereto. Net invested assets represent the investments that directly back Athene’s net reserve liabilities, as well as surplus assets. Net invested assets is used in the computation of net investment earned rate, which is used to analyze the profitability of Athene’s investment portfolio. Net invested assets include (a) total investments on the consolidated statements of financial condition with AFS securities, trading securities and mortgage loans at cost or amortized cost, excluding derivatives, (b) cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, (c) investments in related parties, (d) accrued investment income, (e) VIE and VOE assets, liabilities and non-controlling interest adjustments, (f) net investment payables and receivables, (g) policy loans ceded (which offset the direct policy loans in total investments) and (h) an adjustment for the allowance for credit losses. Net invested assets exclude the derivative collateral offsetting the related cash positions. Athene includes the underlying investments supporting its assumed funds withheld and modco agreements and excludes the underlying investments related to ceded reinsurance transactions in its net invested assets calculation in order to match the assets with the income received. Athene believes the adjustments for reinsurance provide a view of the assets for which it has economic exposure. Net invested assets include Athene’s proportionate share of ACRA investments, based on its economic ownership, but do not include the proportionate share of investments associated with the non-controlling interests. Net invested assets are averaged over the number of quarters in the relevant period to compute a net investment earned rate for such period. While Athene believes net invested assets is a meaningful financial metric and enhances the understanding of the underlying drivers of its investment portfolio, it should not be used as a substitute for Athene’s total investments, including related parties, presented under U.S. GAAP.

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Results of Operations

Below is a discussion of our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. For additional analysis of the factors that affected our results at the segment level, see “—Segment Analysis” below:

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A discussion of our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 is included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2025 (the “2024 Annual Report”).

Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

In this section, references to 2025 refer to the year ended December 31, 2025 and references to 2024 refer to the year ended December 31, 2024.

Asset Management

Revenues

Revenues were $5.0 billion in 2025, an increase of $824 million from $4.2 billion in 2024, primarily driven by an increase in management fees and advisory and transaction fees, net, and incentive fees, partially offset by a decrease in investment income.

Management fees increased by $479 million to $2.4 billion in 2025 from $1.9 billion in 2024. The increase in management fees was primarily attributable to $342 million of aggregate management fees earned from Atlas, Bridge funds, ADS, S3 Equity and Hybrid Solutions and AIOF III, partially offset by an aggregate decrease of $41 million in management fees earned from Fund IX and Fund VIII. Management fees in 2025 also benefited from increased management fees earned from certain strategic separately managed accounts. The increase in management fees earned from Atlas was driven by higher fee-generating AUM due to an upsize in Atlas warehousing financing facilities. Additionally, management fees increased due to the Bridge acquisition. The increase in management fees earned from ADS was primarily driven by an increase in subscriptions. The increase in management fees earned from S3 Equity and Hybrid Solutions and AIOF III was primarily driven by catch-up management fees on additional closes. The decrease in management fees earned from Fund IX and Fund VIII were correlated with the fee rate step-down of Fund IX and the expiration of Fund VIII’s fee-paying period, respectively.

Advisory and transaction fees increased by $380 million to $1.2 billion in 2025 from $822 million in 2024. Advisory and transaction fees earned during 2025 were primarily attributable to advisory and transaction fees earned from our corporate private equity, direct origination, asset-backed finance, infrastructure and clean transition equity, opportunistic credit and multi-credit strategies.

Incentive fees increased by $95 million to $245 million in 2025 from $150 million in 2024, primarily attributable to sustained growth across a variety of perpetual capital vehicles.

Investment income decreased $162 million in 2025 to $1.1 billion compared to $1.3 billion in 2024. The decrease in investment income in 2025 was primarily driven by a decrease in performance allocations of $165 million.

Significant drivers for performance allocations in 2025 were performance allocations primarily earned from Fund X, HVF II, Credit Strategies, Redding Ridge Holdings, Freedom Parent Holdings and Accord+ II of $424 million, $133 million, $126 million, $85 million, $67 million and $47 million, respectively, partially offset by performance allocation losses from Fund IX and Athora of $81 million and $58 million, respectively.

See below for details on the respective performance allocations in 2025.

The performance allocations earned from Fund X in 2025 were primarily driven by the appreciation and realization of the fund’s investments in the (i) manufacturing and industrial, (ii) consumer services and (iii) consumer and retail sectors.

The performance allocations earned from HVF II in 2025 were primarily driven by the appreciation and realization of the fund’s investments in private portfolio companies in the (i) consumer and retail, (ii) manufacturing and industrial and (iii) transportation and logistics sectors.

The performance allocations earned from Credit Strategies in 2025 were primarily driven by the net income generated by the fund’s investments.

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The performance allocations earned from Redding Ridge Holdings in 2025 were primarily driven by existing and new CLO issuances, resets, accumulation of warehouse assets, the acquisition of Irradiant Partners LP, new consulting contracts and the net income generated by the vehicle’s strategic investments.

The performance allocations earned from Freedom Parent Holdings in 2025 were primarily driven by the appreciation of its investment in Wheels.

The performance allocations earned from Accord+ II in 2025 were primarily driven by the net income generated by the fund’s investments.

The performance allocation losses from Fund IX in 2025 were primarily driven by the depreciation of the fund’s investments in the (i) media, telecom and technology, (ii) manufacturing and industrial and (iii) leisure sectors.

The performance allocation losses from Athora in 2025 were primarily driven by a reduced profits interest.

Expenses

Expenses were $4.8 billion in 2025, an increase of $791 million from $4.0 billion in 2024 primarily due to increases in total compensation and benefits, general, administrative and other, and interest expense.

Total compensation and benefits were $3.0 billion in 2025, an increase of $385 million from $2.6 billion in 2024, primarily due to an increase in salary, bonus and benefits and equity-based compensation of $303 million and $69 million, respectively. The increase in salary, bonus and benefits of $303 million was primarily driven by the growth in revenues and increased headcount in 2025. The increase in equity-based compensation of $69 million was primarily due to the issuance of restricted stock awards that did not require future service in connection with the Bridge acquisition. Equity-based compensation expense, in any given period, is generally comprised of: (i) performance grants which are tied to the Company’s receipt of performance fees, within prescribed periods and are typically recognized on an accelerated recognition method over the requisite service period to the extent the performance revenue metrics are met or deemed probable, and (ii) the impact of the 2021 one-time grants awarded to the then Co-Presidents of AAM, all of which vest on a cliff basis subject to continued employment over five years, and a portion of which also vest on the Company’s achievement of FRE and SRE per share metrics.

General, administrative and other expenses were $1.5 billion in 2025, an increase of $376 million from $1.2 billion in 2024. The increase in 2025 was primarily driven by increases in professional fees, depreciation and amortization expenses, higher travel and entertainment expenses, placement fees, technology expenses and recruitment fees.

Interest expense was $256 million in 2025, an increase of $30 million from $226 million in 2024. The increase in 2025 was primarily driven by interest from additional debt issuances in 2025, partially offset by debt repayments.

Other Income (Loss)

Other income (loss) was a loss of $83 million in 2025, a decrease of $386 million from income of $303 million in 2024. This decrease was primarily driven by decreases in net gains (losses) from investment activities and other income (loss), net of $309 million and $291 million, respectively, partially offset by an increase in net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities of $214 million.

The decrease in net gains (losses) from investment activities of $309 million was primarily driven by an impairment loss on an equity investment triggered by the initial public offering of the equity security which resulted in an observable transaction price below the Company’s carrying amount, as well as the depreciation in the Company’s investments in Global Business Travel Group, Inc. The decrease in other income (loss), net of $291 million was primarily driven by the expense related to the issuance of common stock to the Apollo DAF, derivative losses primarily on forward contracts, and losses from changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, partially offset by a decrease in the earnout expense associated with a previous acquisition.

The increase in net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated VIEs of $214 million was primarily driven by the appreciation of a consolidated VIE’s underlying investment valuation.

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Retirement Services

Revenues

Retirement Services revenues were $27.0 billion in 2025, an increase of $5.1 billion from $21.9 billion in 2024. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in net investment income, an increase in premiums and an increase in revenues of consolidated VIEs, partially offset by a decrease in investment related gains (losses).

Net investment income was $19.2 billion in 2025, an increase of $3.5 billion from $15.7 billion in 2024, primarily driven by significant growth in Athene’s investment portfolio attributable to strong net flows of $47.9 billion in 2025, higher rates on new deployment in comparison to Athene’s existing portfolio related to the higher interest rate environment, earlier deployment into assets during the year compared to 2024 and more favorable investment fund performance in 2025. These impacts were partially offset by lower floating rate income.

Premiums were $2.6 billion in 2025, an increase of $1.3 billion from $1.3 billion in 2024, primarily driven by $1.3 billion of premium received from the execution of a whole life block reinsurance transaction in 2025 and an increase in payout annuity premiums, partially offset by a $167 million decrease in pension group annuity premiums compared to 2024.

Revenues of consolidated VIEs were $2.5 billion in 2025, an increase of $648 million from $1.8 billion in 2024, primarily driven by growth and investment performance within AAA related to favorable returns on the underlying assets, strong performance from newly consolidated VIEs, including AAA Lux, a favorable change in the fair value of mortgage loans held in VIEs related to a decrease in U.S. Treasury rates in 2025 compared to an increase in 2024 and favorable returns from A-A Onshore Fund, LLC.

Investment related gains (losses) were $1.5 billion in 2025, a decrease of $501 million from $2.0 billion in 2024, primarily driven by unfavorable net foreign exchange impacts, an increase in realized losses on AFS securities and an unfavorable change in the fair value of indexed annuity hedging derivatives, partially offset by a favorable change in the fair value of mortgage loans, reinsurance assets and trading securities, as well as a favorable change in the provision for credit losses. The unfavorable net foreign exchange impacts were primarily related to the weakening of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies in 2025 compared to 2024, including the impact from derivatives not designated as a hedge where the foreign exchange impact on the related asset is reported through AOCI. The change in the fair value of indexed annuity hedging derivatives decreased $51 million, primarily driven by less favorable performance of the equity indices upon which Athene’s call options are based. The largest percentage of Athene’s call options are based on the S&P 500 Index, which increased 16.4% in 2025, compared to an increase of 23.3% in 2024. The change in fair value of mortgage loans increased $1.2 billion, the change in fair value of reinsurance assets increased $319 million and the change in fair value of trading securities increased $208 million primarily driven by a decrease in U.S. Treasury rates in 2025 compared to an increase 2024, partially offset by an unfavorable change in credit spreads compared to 2024. The favorable change in provision for credit losses of $70 million was primarily driven by a reduction in the allowance on corporate securities in 2025.

Expenses

Retirement Services expenses were $20.5 billion in 2025, an increase of $5.5 billion from $15.0 billion in 2024. The increase was driven by an increase in interest sensitive contract benefits, an increase in future policy and other policy benefits, an increase in market risk benefits remeasurement (gains) losses, an increase in the amortization of DAC, DSI and VOBA and an increase in policy and other operating expenses. Athene’s annual unlocking of assumptions resulted in a decrease in total benefits and expenses of $55 million compared to an increase of $31 million in 2024. The 2025 unlocking was driven by a decrease of $90 million in interest sensitive contract benefits and a decrease of $59 million in market risk benefits, partially offset by an increase of $53 million related to DAC, DSI and VOBA amortization and an increase of $41 million in future policy and other policy benefits. The 2024 unlocking was driven by an increase of $62 million in market risk benefits, an increase of $21 million related to DAC, DSI and VOBA amortization and an increase of $8 million in interest sensitive contract benefits, partially offset by a decrease of $60 million in future policy and other policy benefits.

Interest sensitive contract benefits were $12.1 billion in 2025, an increase of $3.1 billion from $8.9 billion in 2024, primarily driven by significant growth in Athene’s deferred annuity and funding agreement blocks of business, higher rates on new deferred annuity and funding agreement issuances, as well as runoff of lower rate business, in comparison to its existing blocks of business, earlier origination of new business within the year compared to 2024 and an increase in the change in Athene’s indexed annuity reserves. These impacts were partially offset by lower rates on floating rate funding agreements and a favorable

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change in unlocking. The change in Athene’s indexed annuity reserves includes the impact from changes in the fair value of indexed annuity embedded derivatives. The increase in the change in fair value of indexed annuity embedded derivatives of $873 million was primarily due to the unfavorable change in discount rates used in Athene’s embedded derivative calculations as 2025 experienced a decrease in discount rates compared to an increase in 2024. This was partially offset by the favorable impact of rate movements on policyholder projected benefits and less favorable performance of the equity indices to which Athene’s indexed annuity policies are linked. The largest percentage of Athene’s indexed annuity policies are linked to the S&P 500 Index, which increased 16.4% in 2025, compared to an increase of 23.3% in 2024. The fair value of indexed annuity embedded derivative and investment contract provision unlocking in 2025 was $79 million favorable primarily due to changes to projected interest crediting, partially offset by changes in policyholder behavior and mortality assumptions, while 2024 unlocking was $67 million unfavorable primarily due to changes to projected interest crediting. The negative VOBA unlocking related to Athene’s interest sensitive contract liabilities in 2025 was $11 million favorable mainly due to changes in policyholder behavior, partially offset by updated economic assumptions, while 2024 unlocking was $59 million favorable mainly due to updated economic assumptions and changes in policyholder behavior.

Future policy and other policy benefits were $4.4 billion in 2025, an increase of $1.4 billion from $3.1 billion in 2024, primarily driven by an increase in life reserves due to the execution of a $1.3 billion whole life block reinsurance transaction in 2025, an unfavorable change in unlocking and an increase in the AmerUs Closed Block fair value liability, partially offset by a $167 million decrease in pension group annuity obligations compared to 2024. The change in the AmerUs Closed Block fair value liability was primarily due to unrealized gains on the underlying assets reflecting a decrease in U.S. Treasury rates in 2025 compared to an increase in 2024, partially offset by an unfavorable change in credit spreads compared to 2024. Unlocking in 2025 was $41 million unfavorable, consisting of $77 million of unfavorable future policy benefit reserve unlocking, partially offset by $36 million of favorable negative VOBA and deferred profit liability unlocking. The unfavorable unlocking primarily related to updated mortality assumptions and changes in policyholder behavior, partially offset by updated economic assumptions. Unlocking in 2024 was $60 million favorable, consisting of $104 million of favorable future policy benefit reserve unlocking, partially offset by $44 million of unfavorable negative VOBA and deferred profit liability unlocking. The favorable unlocking primarily related to updated mortality assumptions, partially offset by changes in policyholder behavior.

Market risk benefits remeasurement (gains) losses were $452 million in 2025, an increase of $554 million from $(102) million in 2024. The losses in 2025 compared to gains in 2024 were primarily driven by an unfavorable change in the fair value of market risk benefits primarily due to rate movements, partially offset by a favorable change in unlocking. The change in fair value of market risk benefits was $665 million unfavorable due to a decrease in the risk-free discount rates across the long end of the curve compared to 2024, which are used in the fair value measurement of the liability for market risk benefits. The market risk benefits unlocking in 2025 was $59 million favorable primarily due to changes in policyholder behavior and updated mortality assumptions, partially offset by changes in projected interest crediting, while 2024 unlocking was $62 million unfavorable primarily due to changes in policyholder behavior, partially offset by updated economic assumptions.

Amortization of DAC, DSI and VOBA was $1.2 billion in 2025, an increase of $301 million from $941 million in 2024, primarily driven by an increase in acquisition and sale incentive costs that are deferred and amortized due to strong growth in Athene’s deferred annuity business as well as an unfavorable change in unlocking. Unlocking in 2025 was $53 million unfavorable mainly related to changes in policyholder behavior and projected interest crediting as well as updated economic and mortality assumptions, while unlocking in 2024 was $21 million unfavorable mainly related to changes to projected interest crediting and policyholder behavior.

Policy and other operating expenses were $2.3 billion in 2025, an increase of $142 million from $2.1 billion in 2024, primarily driven by an increase in interest expense and policy acquisition expenses related to significant growth. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to an increase in host accretion on business ceded to Catalina, as well as interest related to additional issuances of long-term debt in the second quarter of 2025 and a full year of interest on long-term debt issued in the fourth quarter of 2024. These impacts were partially offset by the recognition of $152 million of expense related to guaranty association assessments levied against Athene in connection with the Bankers Life Insurance Company (“BLIC”) and Colorado Bankers Life Insurance Company (“CBLIC”) insolvencies in 2024.

Income Tax (Provision) Benefit

The Company’s income tax (provision) benefit was $(1,276) million and $(1,062) million in 2025 and 2024, respectively. The provision for income taxes includes federal, state, local and foreign income taxes resulting in an effective income tax rate of 19.1% and 14.3% for 2025 and 2024, respectively. The most significant reconciling items between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and the effective income tax rate were due to the following: (i) foreign, state and local income taxes, including

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NYC UBT, (ii) income attributable to non-controlling interests, (iii) equity-based compensation net of the limiting provisions for executive compensation under IRC Section 162(m), and (iv) Bermuda CIT. See note 13 to the consolidated financial statements for further details regarding the Company’s income tax provision.

Segment Analysis

Discussed below are our results of operations for each of our reportable segments. They represent the segment information available and utilized by management to assess performance and to allocate resources. See note 21 to our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment reporting.

Asset Management

The following table presents Fee Related Earnings, the performance measure of our Asset Management segment.

A discussion of our Asset Management segment analysis for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 is included in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report.

Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

In this section, references to 2025 refer to the year ended December 31, 2025 and references to 2024 refer to the year ended December 31, 2024.

FRE was $2.5 billion in 2025, an increase of $465 million compared to $2.1 billion in 2024. This increase was primarily attributable to growth in fee related revenues, including management fees, capital solutions fees and other, net and fee-related performance fees, partially offset by fee-related compensation and non-compensation expenses.

The increase in management fees was primarily attributable to $493 million of aggregate management fees earned from Athene, Bridge funds, ADS, S3 Equity and Hybrid Solutions, and AIOF III, partially offset by an aggregate decrease of $41 million in management fees earned from Fund IX and Fund VIII. The increase in management fees earned from Athene was primarily driven by increases in fee-generating AUM as a result of strong organic inflows at Athene, while the increase in management fees earned from Bridge funds is due to the Bridge acquisition. The increase in management fees earned from ADS was primarily driven by increased subscriptions. Further, the increase in management fees earned from S3 Equity and Hybrid Solutions and AIOF III was primarily driven by catch-up management fees on additional closes in 2025. The decrease in management fees earned from Fund IX and Fund VIII was correlated with the fee rate step-down of Fund IX and the expiration of Fund VIII’s fee-paying period, respectively.

Capital solutions fees earned in 2025 were primarily attributable to fees earned from our corporate private equity, direct origination, asset-backed finance, infrastructure and clean transition equity, and opportunistic credit strategies.

The increase in fee-related performance fees in 2025 was primarily driven by the sustained growth across a variety of perpetual capital vehicles.

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The growth in fee related revenues was partially offset by higher fee-related compensation expense and non-compensation expenses. Higher fee-related compensation expense in 2025 was driven by strong growth in fee related revenues and increased headcount as a result of our investment in the next phase of our growth. The increase in non-compensation expenses in 2025 was primarily driven by increases in professional fees, travel and entertainment expenses, placement fees, and depreciation and amortization expense.

Asset Management Operating Metrics

We monitor certain operating metrics that are common to the alternative asset management industry and directly impact the performance of our Asset Management segment. These operating metrics include Assets Under Management, origination, gross capital deployment and uncalled commitments.

Assets Under Management

The following presents Apollo’s Total AUM and Fee-Generating AUM by investing strategy (in billions):

Note: Totals may not add due to rounding.

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The following presents Apollo’s AUM with Future Management Fee Potential by investing strategy (in billions):

Note: Totals may not add due to rounding

The following tables present the components of Performance Fee-Eligible AUM for Apollo’s investing strategies within the Asset Management segment:

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The components of Fee-Generating AUM by investing strategy are presented below:

Apollo, through its consolidated subsidiary, ISG, provides asset management services to Athene with respect to assets in the accounts owned by or related to Athene (“Athene Accounts”), including asset allocation services, direct asset management services, asset and liability matching management, mergers and acquisitions asset diligence, hedging and other asset management services and receives management fees for providing these services. The Company, through ISG, also provides sub-allocation services with respect to a portion of the assets in the Athene Accounts. Apollo, through its asset management business, managed or advised $392.2 billion and $331.5 billion of AUM on behalf of Athene as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Apollo, through ISGI, provides investment advisory services with respect to certain assets in certain portfolio companies of Apollo funds and sub-advises the Athora Accounts and broadly refers to “Athora Sub-Advised” assets as those assets in the Athora Accounts which the Company explicitly sub-advises as well as those assets in the Athora Accounts which are invested directly in funds and investment vehicles Apollo manages. The Company refers to the portion of the Athora AUM that is not Athora Sub-Advised AUM as “Athora Non-Sub Advised” AUM. See note 18 to the consolidated financial statements for more details regarding the fee arrangements with respect to the assets in the Athora Accounts. Apollo managed or advised $57.2 billion and $52.4 billion of AUM on behalf of Athora as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

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The following tables summarize changes in total AUM for Apollo’s investing strategies within the Asset Management segment:

Year Ended December 31, 2025

Total AUM was $938.4 billion at December 31, 2025, an increase of $187.4 billion, or 25.0%, compared to $751.0 billion at December 31, 2024. The net increase was primarily driven by subscriptions across the platform, the growth of our retirement services client assets, the Bridge acquisition and market activity primarily in our credit strategy, partially offset by normal course outflows at Athene, as well as realizations. More specifically, the net increase was due to:

•Net flows of $168.0 billion primarily attributable to:

•a $108.0 billion increase related to the funds we manage in our credit strategy primarily consisting of (i) $42.0 billion related to the growth of our retirement services clients; (ii) $41.0 billion of subscriptions mostly related to the direct origination, multi-credit, opportunistic credit and asset-backed finance funds we manage; (iii) $9.3 billion in inflows relating to Redding Ridge’s acquisition of Irradiant Partners LP; and (iv) incremental leverage in the direct origination and asset-backed finance funds we manage, partially offset by $(5.7) billion of redemptions; and

•a $60.0 billion increase related to the funds we manage in our equity strategy primarily consisting of (i) $34.2 billion due to the Bridge acquisition; (ii) $17.0 billion of subscriptions across the hybrid value, secondaries equity, infrastructure equity and traditional private equity funds we manage; and (iii) $5.6 billion of net transfer activity.

•Market activity of $41.2 billion primarily attributable to:

•$33.7 billion related to the funds we manage in our credit strategy primarily consisting of (i) $19.0 billion related to our retirement services clients; (ii) $4.8 billion related to the direct origination funds we manage; (iii) $2.9 billion related to the multi-credit funds we manage; and (iv) $2.8 billion related to the opportunistic credit funds we manage; and

•$7.5 billion related to the funds we manage in our equity strategy primarily driven by our traditional private equity and hybrid value funds.

•Realizations of $(21.9) billion primarily attributable to:

•$(13.0) billion related to the funds we manage in our equity strategy primarily consisting of distributions from the traditional private equity funds, hybrid value funds and real estate equity funds; and

•$(8.8) billion related to the funds we manage in our credit strategy, largely driven by distributions from the direct origination, asset-backed finance and opportunistic credit funds.

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The following tables summarize changes in Fee-Generating AUM for Apollo’s investing strategies within the Asset Management segment:

Year Ended December 31, 2025

Total Fee-Generating AUM was $709.1 billion at December 31, 2025, an increase of $140.5 billion, or 24.7%, compared to $568.7 billion at December 31, 2024. The net increase was primarily due to the growth of our retirement services client assets, market activity primarily in our credit strategy, the Bridge acquisition and subscriptions across the platform, partially offset by realizations. More specifically, the net increase was due to:

•Net flows of $119.6 billion primarily attributable to:

•an $87.7 billion increase related to the funds we manage in our credit strategy primarily consisting of (i) $42.0 billion related to the growth of our retirement services client assets; (ii) $24.3 billion of other net fee-generating movements; and (iii) $20.3 billion of subscriptions primarily related to the direct origination and multi-credit funds we manage, partially offset by $(5.1) billion of redemptions; and

•a $31.9 billion increase related to the funds we manage in our equity strategy primarily consisting of (i) $21.4 billion primarily due to the Bridge acquisition; and (ii) $5.7 billion of subscriptions across the AAA, secondaries and infrastructure equity funds we manage.

•Market activity of $30.4 billion primarily attributable to the funds we manage in our credit strategy, consisting of (i) $19.0 billion related to our retirement services clients; (ii) $2.9 billion related to the multi-credit funds we manage; (iii) $2.7 billion related to the direct origination funds we manage; and (iv) $1.8 billion related to clients of ISGI.

•Realizations of $(9.6) billion across the credit and equity strategies.

Origination, Gross Capital Deployment and Uncalled Commitments

Origination represents (i) capital that has been invested in new equity, debt or debt-like investments by Apollo's equity and credit strategies (whether purchased by funds and accounts managed by Apollo, or syndicated to third parties) where Apollo or one of Apollo's origination platforms has sourced, negotiated, or significantly affected the commercial terms of the investment; (ii) new capital pools formed by debt issuances, including CLOs; and (iii) net purchases of certain assets by the funds and accounts we manage that we consider to be private, illiquid, and hard to access assets and which the funds and accounts otherwise may not be able to meaningfully access. Origination generally excludes any issuance of debt or debt-like investments by the portfolio companies of the funds we manage.

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Gross capital deployment represents the gross capital that has been invested by the funds and accounts we manage during the relevant period, but excludes certain investment activities primarily related to hedging and cash management functions at the Company. Gross capital deployment is not reduced or netted down by sales or refinancings, and takes into account leverage used by the funds and accounts we manage in gaining exposure to the various investments that they have made.

Uncalled commitments, by contrast, represent unfunded capital commitments that certain of the funds we manage have received from fund investors to fund future or current fund investments and expenses.

Origination is indicative of our ability to originate assets for the funds we manage, through our origination platforms and our corporate solutions capabilities. Gross capital deployment and uncalled commitments are indicative of the pace and magnitude of fund capital that is deployed or will be deployed. Origination, gross capital deployment and uncalled commitments could result in future revenues that include management fees, capital solutions fees and performance fees to the extent they are fee-generating. They can also give rise to future costs that are related to the hiring of additional resources to manage and account for the additional origination activities and the capital that is deployed or will be deployed. Management uses origination, gross capital deployment and uncalled commitments as key operating metrics since we believe the results are measures of investment activities of the funds we manage.

The following presents origination, gross capital deployment1 and uncalled commitments (in billions):

1 Gross capital deployment for 2024 was updated to include an additional $9 billion for Atlas related to the fourth quarter of 2024.

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Note: Totals may not add due to rounding

As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Apollo had $73 billion and $61 billion of dry powder, respectively, which represents the amount of capital available for investment or reinvestment subject to the provisions of the applicable limited partnership agreements or other governing agreements of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage. These amounts exclude uncalled commitments which can only be called for fund fees and expenses and commitments from perpetual capital vehicles.

Retirement Services

The following table presents Spread Related Earnings, the performance measure of our Retirement Services segment:

A discussion of our Retirement Services segment analysis for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 is included in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report.

Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

In this section, references to 2025 refer to the year ended December 31, 2025 and references to 2024 refer to the year ended December 31, 2024.

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Spread Related Earnings

SRE was $3.4 billion in 2025, an increase of $137 million, or 4%, compared to $3.2 billion in 2024. The increase in SRE was primarily driven by an increase in net investment earnings and strategic capital management fees, partially offset by an increase in cost of funds and interest and other financing costs.

Net investment earnings were $14.3 billion in 2025, an increase of $2.6 billion from $11.7 billion in 2024, primarily driven by $39.1 billion of growth in Athene’s average net invested assets, higher rates on new deployment compared to Athene’s existing portfolio related to the higher interest rate environment, an increase in alternative net investment income and earlier deployment into assets during the year compared to 2024, partially offset by lower floating rate income and prepayment of higher yielding assets. The increase in alternative net investment income compared to 2024 was primarily driven by more favorable performance within origination and retirement services platforms as well as equity funds, partially offset by less favorable performance within credit funds. The increase in income from origination platforms was mainly attributable to an initial mark from cost to fair value and origination outperformance on Atlas in 2025, robust deployment following a capital raise within Apterra Infrastructure Capital, LLC (“Apterra”) in 2025 and strong growth from origination partnerships within Aqua Finance, Inc. (“Aqua Finance”) in 2025 compared to a valuation decrease in 2024, partially offset by stronger growth from Redding Ridge in 2024. The increase in income from retirement services platforms was primarily related to a valuation increase on Venerable in 2025 related to the announcement of a reinsurance transaction with Corebridge Financial, Inc. (“Corebridge”), unfavorable returns on Athene’s investment in Catalina in 2024 not recurring in 2025 due to the distribution of its Catalina common equity interests as a dividend in the third quarter of 2024 and realized losses from the sale of Challenger Limited (“Challenger”) common equity shares in 2024. These impacts were partially offset by increased capital requirements related to expanded solvency requirements and competitive dynamics within the pension market impacting the valuation of Athora in 2025. The increase in income from equity funds was mainly attributable to more favorable performance within structured equity in 2025 compared to 2024. The decrease in income from credit funds was primarily driven by more favorable credit spread tightening in 2024 compared to 2025.

Strategic capital management fees were $131 million in 2025, an increase of $26 million from $105 million in 2024, primarily driven by additional fees received from ADIP II and Catalina attributable to strong net flows into ACRA 2 and Catalina in 2025.

Cost of funds was $10.1 billion in 2025, an increase of $2.4 billion from $7.7 billion in 2024, primarily driven by significant growth in deferred annuity and funding agreement business, higher rates on new business and runoff of lower rate business compared to existing blocks, earlier origination of new business within the year compared to 2024, a shift in business mix to more institutional business at higher crediting rates and an unfavorable change in unlocking. These impacts were partially offset by lower rates on floating rate funding agreements. Unlocking, net of the non-controlling interests, in 2025 was favorable $5 million primarily related to updated mortality assumptions and changes in policyholder behavior, partially offset by changes to projected interest crediting and updated economic assumptions. Unlocking, net of the non-controlling interests, in 2024 was favorable $16 million primarily related to updated mortality and economic assumptions, partially offset by changes in policyholder behavior and projected interest crediting.

Interest and other financing costs were $560 million in 2025, an increase of $95 million from $465 million in 2024, primarily driven by higher interest expense related to additional issuances of long-term debt in the second quarter of 2025 and a full year of interest on long-term debt issued in the fourth quarter of 2024, partially offset by a decrease in preferred stock dividends due to the redemption of Athene’s Fixed-Rate Reset Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series C (“Series C”) in the second quarter of 2025.

Net Investment Spread

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Net investment spread was 1.61% in 2025, a decrease of 17 basis points compared to 1.78% in 2024, primarily driven by higher cost of funds, partially offset by a higher net investment earned rate.

Cost of funds was 3.69% in 2025, an increase of 40 basis points compared to 3.29% in 2024, primarily driven by higher rates on new business and runoff of lower rate business compared to existing blocks, earlier origination of new business within the year compared to 2024, a shift in business mix to more institutional business at higher crediting rates and an unfavorable change in unlocking. These impacts were partially offset by lower rates on floating rate funding agreements.

Net investment earned rate was 5.25% in 2025, an increase of 22 basis points compared to 5.03% in 2024, primarily due to higher returns in both Athene’s fixed income and alternative investment portfolios. Fixed income and other net investment earned rate was 5.01% in 2025, an increase from 4.86% in 2024, primarily driven by higher rates on new deployment compared to Athene’s existing portfolio related to the higher interest rate environment and earlier deployment into assets during the year compared to 2024, partially offset by lower floating rate income and prepayment of higher yielding assets. Alternative net investment earned rate was 10.01% in 2025, an increase from 8.03% in 2024, primarily driven by more favorable performance within origination and retirement services platforms as well as equity funds, partially offset by less favorable performance within credit funds. The higher return from origination platforms was mainly attributable to an initial mark from cost to fair value and origination outperformance on Atlas in 2025, robust deployment following a capital raise within Apterra in 2025 and strong growth from origination partnerships within Aqua Finance in 2025 compared to a valuation decrease in 2024, partially offset by stronger growth from Redding Ridge in 2024. The higher return from retirement services platforms was primarily related to a valuation increase on Venerable in 2025 related to the announcement of a reinsurance transaction with Corebridge, unfavorable returns on Athene’s investment in Catalina in 2024 not recurring in 2025 due to the distribution of its Catalina common equity interests as a dividend in the third quarter of 2024 and realized losses from the sale of Challenger common equity shares in 2024. These impacts were partially offset by increased capital requirements related to expanded solvency requirements and competitive dynamics within the pension market impacting the valuation of Athora in 2025. The higher return from equity funds was mainly attributable to more favorable performance within structured equity in 2025 compared to 2024. The lower return from credit funds was primarily driven by more favorable credit spread tightening in 2024 compared to 2025.

Investment Portfolio

Athene had total investments, including related parties and consolidated VIEs, of $386.1 billion and $314.6 billion as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Athene’s investment strategy seeks to achieve sustainable risk-adjusted returns through the disciplined management of its investment portfolio against its long-duration liabilities, coupled with the diversification of risk. The investment strategies focus primarily on a buy and hold asset allocation strategy that may be adjusted periodically in response to changing market conditions and the nature of Athene’s liability profile. Athene takes advantage of its generally persistent liability profile by identifying investment opportunities with an emphasis on earning incremental yield by taking measured liquidity and complexity risk rather than assuming incremental credit risk. Athene is invested in a diverse array of primarily high-grade fixed income assets including corporate bonds, structured securities, and commercial and residential real estate loans, among others. Athene also maintains holdings in floating rate and less rate-sensitive instruments, including CLOs, non-agency RMBS and various types of structured products. In addition to its fixed income portfolio, Athene opportunistically allocates approximately 5% of its portfolio to alternative investments where it primarily focuses on fixed income-like, cash flow-based investments.

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The following table presents the carrying values of Athene’s total investments, including related parties and consolidated VIEs:

Athene’s total investments, including related parties and consolidated VIEs were $386.1 billion and $314.6 billion as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The $71.5 billion increase was primarily driven by significant growth from gross inflows of $83.4 billion in excess of gross liability outflows of $35.5 billion, reinvestment of earnings and unrealized gains on investments, including foreign exchange impacts. The unrealized gains on investments during the year ended December 31, 2025 included AFS securities of $4.5 billion, as well as gains from mortgage loans and reinsurance assets,

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attributable to a decrease in U.S. Treasury rates in 2025. Unrealized foreign exchange gains on foreign denominated assets were primarily related to the weakening of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies in 2025. Additionally, total investments, including related parties and consolidated VIEs, increased due to an increase in VIE investments and an increase in derivative assets primarily related to Athene’s call options, net of derivative swap and forward contract impacts. The increase in VIE investments was primarily driven by third party contributions into AAA Lux and AAA and favorable performance of the underlying assets within AAA and AAA Lux, partially offset by the deconsolidation of several VIEs in 2025.

Athene’s investment portfolio consists largely of high quality fixed maturity securities, loans and short-term investments, as well as additional opportunistic holdings in investment funds and other instruments, including equity holdings. Fixed maturity securities and loans include publicly issued corporate bonds, government and other sovereign bonds, privately placed corporate bonds and loans, mortgage loans, CMBS, RMBS, CLOs and ABS. A significant majority of Athene’s AFS portfolio, 97.3% and 97.1% as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, was invested in assets considered investment grade with an NAIC designation of 1 or 2.

Athene invests a portion of its investment portfolio in mortgage loans, which are generally comprised of high quality commercial first lien as well as mezzanine real estate loans. Athene has acquired mortgage loans through acquisitions and reinsurance arrangements, as well as through an active program to invest in new mortgage loans. It invests in CMLs on income producing properties including apartments, office, hotel and retail buildings, and other commercial and industrial properties. Athene’s RML portfolio primarily consists of first lien RMLs collateralized by properties located in the U.S.

Funds withheld at interest represent a receivable for amounts contractually withheld by ceding companies in accordance with modco and funds withheld reinsurance agreements in which Athene acts as the reinsurer. Generally, assets equal to statutory reserves are withheld and legally owned by the ceding company.

While the substantial majority of Athene’s investment portfolio has been allocated to corporate bonds and structured credit products, a key component of Athene’s investment strategy is the opportunistic acquisition of investment funds with attractive risk and return profiles. Athene’s investment fund portfolio consists of funds or similar equity structures that employ various strategies including equity and credit funds. Athene has a strong preference for alternative investments that have some or all of the following characteristics, among others: (1) investments with credit- or debt-like characteristics (for example, a stipulated maturity and par value), or alternatively, investments with reduced volatility when compared to pure equity; or (2) investments that Athene believes have less downside risk.

Athene holds derivatives for economic hedging purposes to reduce its exposure to the cash flow variability of assets and liabilities, equity market risk, foreign exchange risk and interest rate risk. Athene’s primary use of derivative instruments relates to providing the income needed to fund the annual index credits on its indexed annuity products. Athene primarily uses indexed options to economically hedge indexed annuity products that guarantee the return of principal to the policyholder and credit interest based on a percentage of the gain in a specific market index. Athene also uses derivative instruments, such as forward contracts and swaps, to hedge foreign currency exposure resulting from foreign denominated assets and liabilities and to help manage its net floating rate position.

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Net Invested Assets

The following summarizes Athene’s net invested assets:

Athene’s net invested assets were $292.4 billion and $248.6 billion as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The $43.8 billion increase was primarily driven by growth from net inflows of $63.2 billion in excess of net liability outflows of $29.7 billion, the reinvestment of earnings, the issuance of $1.6 billion of long-term debt in 2025 and favorable alternative investment performance in 2025, partially offset by the payment of common and preferred stock dividends and cash paid to redeem Athene’s Series C preferred stock in the second quarter of 2025.

In managing its business, Athene utilizes net invested assets as presented in the above table. Net invested assets do not correspond to Athene’s total investments, including related parties, on the consolidated statements of financial condition, as discussed previously in “Managing Business Performance — Key Segment and Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures.” Net invested assets represent Athene’s investments that directly back its net reserve liabilities and surplus assets. Athene believes this view of its portfolio provides a view of the assets for which it has economic exposure. Athene adjusts the presentation for assumed and ceded reinsurance transactions to include or exclude the underlying investments based upon the contractual transfer of economic exposure to such underlying investments. Athene also adjusts for VIEs to show the net investment in the funds, which are included in the alternative investments line above, as well as adjusting for the allowance for credit losses. Net invested assets include Athene’s proportionate share of ACRA investments, based on its economic ownership, but exclude the proportionate share of investments associated with the non-controlling interests.

Net invested assets is utilized by management to evaluate Athene’s investment portfolio. Net invested assets is used in the computation of net investment earned rate, which allows Athene to analyze the profitability of its investment portfolio. Net invested assets is also used in Athene’s risk management processes for asset purchases, product design and underwriting, stress scenarios, liquidity and ALM.

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Principal Investing

The following table presents Principal Investing Income, the performance measure of our Principal Investing segment.