BWX Technologies, Inc. (BWXT)

Item 2.    MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following information should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in Item 1 in Part I of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q ("Report"), as well as the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes and Item 7 of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 (our "2025 10-K").

In this Report, unless the context otherwise indicates, "we," "us" and "our" mean BWX Technologies, Inc. ("BWXT" or the "Company") and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

From time to time, our management or persons acting on our behalf make forward-looking statements to inform existing and potential security holders about our Company. Forward-looking statements include those statements that express a belief, expectation or intention, as well as those that are not statements of historical fact, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Statements and assumptions regarding expectations and projections of specific projects, our future backlog, revenues, income, capital spending, strategic investments, acquisitions or divestitures, return of capital activities or margin improvement initiatives are examples of forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are generally accompanied by words such as "estimate," "project," "predict," "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "plan," "seek," "goal," "could," "intend," "may," "should" or other words that convey the uncertainty of future events or outcomes. In addition, sometimes we will specifically describe a statement as being a forward-looking statement and refer to this cautionary statement.

We have based our forward-looking statements on information currently available to us and our current expectations, estimates and projections about our Company, industries and business environment. We caution that these statements are not guarantees of future performance and you should not rely unduly on them as they involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that we cannot predict. In addition, we have based many of these forward-looking statements on assumptions about future events that may prove to be inaccurate. While our management considers these statements and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to numerous factors, including potentially the risk factors described in Item 1A of our 2025 10-K, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. As a contractor to the U.S. Government, such risks include, without limitation, budget uncertainty, the risk of future budget cuts, the impact of continuing resolution funding mechanisms and the debt ceiling, the risk of government shutdowns, including the risk of program cancellations, schedule delays, production halts and other disruptions and nonpayment, and changing funding and acquisition priorities. Accordingly, our actual results may differ materially from the future performance that we have expressed or forecast in our forward-looking statements.

We have discussed many of these factors in more detail elsewhere in this Report. These factors are not necessarily all the factors that could affect us. Unpredictable or unanticipated factors we have not discussed in this Report or in our 2025 10-K could also have material adverse effects on actual results of matters that are the subject of our forward-looking statements. We do not intend to update or review any forward-looking statement or our description of important factors, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable laws.

General

We are a leading supplier of nuclear components and fuel to the U.S. Government; provide technical, management and site services to support governments in the operation of complex facilities and environmental remediation activities; supply precision manufactured components, nuclear fuel and services for the commercial nuclear power industry; supply critical medical radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals; and develop nuclear technologies for a variety of applications, including medical radioisotopes, advanced nuclear power sources and advanced nuclear reactors.

We operate in two reportable segments: Government Operations and Commercial Operations. In general, we operate in capital-intensive industries and rely on large contracts for a substantial amount of our revenues. We are currently exploring growth strategies across our segments through strategic investments and acquisitions to expand and complement our existing businesses. We would expect to fund these opportunities with cash generated from operations or by raising additional capital through debt, equity or some combination thereof.

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Government Operations

The revenues of our Government Operations segment are largely a function of national security spending by the U.S. Government. As a supplier of major nuclear components for certain U.S. Government programs, we are a significant participant in the defense industry and have not been negatively impacted by federal budget reductions to date. We believe many of our programs are well-aligned with national defense and other strategic priorities. However, it is possible that reductions in federal government spending could have an adverse impact on the operating results and cash flows of this segment in the future.

Through this segment, we engineer, design and manufacture precision naval nuclear components, reactors and nuclear fuel for the U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program. In addition, this segment downblends Cold War-era government stockpiles of high-enriched uranium, develops and manufactures advanced materials and products for commercial, military and space applications and supplies proprietary and sole-source valves, manifolds and fittings to global naval and commercial shipping customers. As a supplier of major nuclear components for certain U.S. Government programs, this segment is a significant participant in the defense industry.

This segment also provides various services to the U.S. Government by managing and operating high-consequence operations at U.S. nuclear weapons sites, national laboratories and manufacturing complexes. The revenues and equity income of investees under these types of contracts are largely a function of spending by the U.S. Government and the performance scores we and our consortium partners earn in managing and operating these sites. With our specialized capabilities of full life-cycle management of special materials, facilities and technologies, we believe this segment is well-positioned to continue participating in the ongoing cleanup, operation and management of critical government-owned nuclear sites, laboratories and manufacturing complexes maintained by the DOE and other federal agencies.

Additionally, this segment also develops technology for a variety of applications, including advanced nuclear power sources, and offers complete advanced nuclear fuel and reactor design and engineering and licensing and manufacturing services for new advanced nuclear reactors.

Commercial Operations

Through this segment, we design and manufacture commercial nuclear steam generators, heat exchangers, pressure vessels, reactor components, as well as other auxiliary equipment, including containers for the storage of spent nuclear fuel and other high-level nuclear waste. This segment is a leading supplier of nuclear fuel, fuel handling systems, tooling delivery systems, nuclear-grade materials and precisely machined components, and related services for nuclear power plants. This segment also provides a variety of engineering and in-plant services and offers a broad suite of lifecycle support and management services for the global nuclear power industry, transmission and distribution markets. This segment is a significant supplier to nuclear power utilities undergoing major refurbishment and plant life extension projects and is a global manufacturer and supplier of critical medical radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals.

Our Commercial Operations segment's overall activity primarily depends on the demand and competitiveness of nuclear energy and the demand for critical radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals. A significant portion of our Commercial Operations segment's operations depends on the timing of maintenance and refueling outages, the cyclical nature of capital expenditures and major refurbishment and plant life extension projects, as well as the demand for nuclear fuel and fuel handling equipment and engineering services primarily in the Canadian market, which could cause variability in our financial results.

Acquisitions and Dispositions

Aerojet Ordnance Tennessee, Inc.

On January 3, 2025, we completed the acquisition of Aerojet Ordnance Tennessee, Inc. ("A.O.T."), a subsidiary of L3Harris Technologies, Inc. A.O.T. is a leading provider of advanced special materials which will further enhance our capabilities to develop and manufacture advanced materials and products for commercial, military and space applications. A.O.T. is reported as part of our Government Operations segment.

Kinectrics Inc.

On May 20, 2025, we acquired all of the equity interests of Kinectrics Holdings Inc., the parent company of Kinectrics Inc. ("Kinectrics"). Kinectrics is a leader in providing lifecycle management services for the global nuclear power and transmission and distribution markets, and in the production and supply of isotopes for the radiopharmaceutical industry which will enable us to expand our portfolio of products and services in the global nuclear market. Kinectrics is reported as part of our Commercial Operations segment.

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Precision Components Group, LLC

On April 20, 2026, we entered into an agreement to acquire Precision Components Group, LLC ("PCG"), including its subsidiaries Precision Custom Components and DC Fabricators. This acquisition was subsequently completed on July 1, 2026.

PCG was a privately held U.S. manufacturer of complex, heavy-walled and heat-transfer components. The acquisition will expand BWXT’s heavy-manufacturing footprint and establish additional U.S. commercial nuclear production capacity to serve growing domestic demand. PCG will be reported as part of our Commercial Operations segment.

See Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information about our recent acquisition activity.

Sale of Medical Business

On July 31, 2026, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our medical business, which includes BWXT Medical and Kinectrics' stable medical isotope business, to Nordic Capital in a transaction valued at up to $800 million. Under the agreement, BWXT will continue to provide specialized isotope and radiochemical expertise to Nordic Capital and will retain a minority interest in the divested business. The transaction is subject to customary regulatory approvals and is expected to be completed in 2026 or in the first quarter of 2027.

Critical Accounting Estimates

For a summary of the critical accounting policies and estimates that we use in the preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, see Item 7 of our 2025 10-K. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates during the six months ended June 30, 2026.

Contracts & Revenue Recognition

We generally recognize contract revenue and resulting income over time based on the measurement of the extent of progress toward completion using total costs incurred as a percentage of the total estimated project costs for individual pe

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Item 7.    MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Statements we make in the following discussion, which express a belief, expectation or intention, as well as those that are not historical fact, are forward-looking statements that are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, could differ materially from those we express in the following discussion as a result of a variety of factors, including the risks and uncertainties we have referred to under the heading "Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements" in Item 1 and throughout Item 1A of this Report.

General

We are a leading supplier of nuclear components and fuel to the U.S. Government; provide technical, management and site services to support governments in the operation of complex facilities and environmental remediation activities; supply precision manufactured components, nuclear fuel and services for the commercial nuclear power industry; supply critical medical radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals; and develop nuclear technologies for a variety of applications, including medical radioisotopes, advanced nuclear power sources and advanced nuclear reactors. In general, we operate in capital-intensive industries and rely on large contracts for a substantial amount of our revenues. We operate in two reportable segments: Government Operations and Commercial Operations. We are currently exploring growth strategies across our segments through strategic investments and acquisitions to expand and complement our existing businesses. We would expect to fund these opportunities with cash generated from operations or by raising additional capital through debt, equity or some combination thereof.

Outlook

We expect to recognize approximately 40% of the revenue associated with our backlog by the end of 2026, with the remainder to be recognized thereafter.

Government Operations

The revenues of our Government Operations segment are largely a function of national security spending by the U.S. Government. As a supplier of major nuclear components for certain U.S. Government programs, we are a significant participant in the defense industry and have not been negatively impacted by federal budget reductions to date. We believe many of our programs are well-aligned with national defense and other strategic priorities as we supply high-end equipment for submarines and aircraft carriers for the U.S. Navy and participate in the continuing cleanup, operation and management of critical government-owned nuclear sites, laboratories and manufacturing complexes maintained by the DOE, NASA and other federal agencies. However, it is possible that reductions in federal government spending could have an adverse impact on the operating results and cash flows of this segment in the future.

A portion of this segment's operations is also conducted through joint ventures, which typically earn fees, and we account for them following the equity method of accounting. See Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report for financial information on our equity method investments. This segment also specializes in the development of advanced technologies. The nature, timing and duration of any related contracts are dependent on the demand and funding availability for such technologies.

Commercial Operations

The revenues in this segment primarily depend on the demand and competitiveness of nuclear energy. The activity of this segment depends on the timing of maintenance and refueling outages, the cyclical nature of capital expenditures and major refurbishment and plant life extension projects, as well as the demand for nuclear fuel and fuel handling equipment primarily in the Canadian market, which could cause variability in our financial results.

Our Commercial Operations segment's offerings also include medical radioisotope products, radiopharmaceuticals and medical devices for use in diagnostic imaging and radiotherapeutic treatments. The medical isotope business will be the platform from which we plan to launch our Molybdenum-99 product line and a number of future radioisotope-based imaging, diagnostic and therapeutic products.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

Our financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). Preparing financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are affected by management's application of accounting policies. We believe the following are our most critical accounting policies that we apply in the preparation of our financial statements. These policies require our most difficult, subjective and complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain, and the impact of these policies have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

See Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report for further discussion of significant accounting policies.

Contracts and Revenue Recognition

We generally recognize contract revenue and resulting income over time based on the measurement of the extent of progress toward completion using total costs incurred as a percentage of the total estimated project costs for individual performance obligations. We review contract price and cost estimates periodically as the work progresses and reflect adjustments proportionate to the percentage-of-completion in income in the period when those estimates are revised. If a current estimate of total contract costs indicates a loss on a contract, the projected loss is recognized in full when determined. It is possible that current estimates could materially change for various reasons, including, but not limited to, fluctuations in forecasted labor productivity or raw material prices. We routinely review estimates related to our contracts, and revisions to profitability are reflected in the quarterly and annual earnings we report. The aggregate impact of changes in estimates increased our revenue and operating income as follows:

(1)During the year ended December 31, 2025, our Government Operations segment results were favorably impacted by material contract adjustments related to a nuclear operations contract. The material adjustments resulted in an increase in revenue and operating income of $29.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2025.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, no adjustments to any one contract had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, our Government Operations segment results were favorably impacted by contract adjustments related to a nuclear contract which resulted in an increase in operating income of $22.5 million. Our Government Operations segment also recognized favorable adjustments totaling $27.9 million as a result of the successful negotiation of change orders related to cost growth that was driven by out-of-scope changes associated with the manufacture of non-nuclear components.

Contracts may be modified at the request of our customer or initiated by us to amend all or part of an existing contract, including contract type. Depending on the nature of the modification, we consider whether to account for the modification as an adjustment to the existing contract or as a separate contract. Modifications to our contracts are generally accounted for as if they were part of the existing contract as these modifications are not distinct from the existing contract and accounted for as a cumulative adjustment to revenue.

Although we continually strive to improve our ability to estimate our contract costs and profitability, adjustments to overall contract costs due to unforeseen events could be significant in future periods. We recognize contract change orders or changes in scope of work in contract revenues, to the extent of costs incurred, when we believe collection is probable and can be reasonably estimated. We recognize income from claims when formally agreed with the customer. We regularly assess the collectability of contract revenues and receivables from customers.

Pension Plans and Postretirement Benefits

We utilize actuarial and other assumptions in calculating the cost and benefit obligations of our pension and postretirement benefits. The assumptions utilized in the determination of our cost and obligations include assumptions

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regarding discount rates, expected returns on plan assets, mortality and health care cost trends. The assumptions utilized represent our best estimates based on historical experience and other factors.

We calculate the majority of our pension costs under both financial accounting standards ("FAS") in accordance with GAAP and CAS in accordance with the FAR. We have prepared our consolidated financial statements and segment reporting disclosures utilizing pension costs calculated under FAS. Pension costs calculated under CAS are utilized as the basis for recovery of pension costs on our U.S. Government contracts. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, our CAS pension costs attributed to U.S. Government contracts totaled $32.2 million, $20.5 million and $13.6 million, respectively. The amount of recoverable CAS pension costs recognized as revenue on an annual basis may differ from the amounts noted above. See further discussion of our accounting for contracts and revenue recognition above and in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report.

Actual experience that differs from these assumptions or future changes in assumptions will affect our recognized benefit obligations and related costs. We immediately recognize net actuarial gains and losses in earnings in the fourth quarter as a component of net periodic benefit cost. Net actuarial gains and losses occur when actual experience differs from any of the various assumptions used to value our pension and postretirement benefit plans or when assumptions, which are revisited annually through our update of our actuarial valuations, change due to current market conditions or underlying demographic changes. The primary factors contributing to net actuarial gains and losses are changes in the discount rate used to value the obligations as of the measurement date each year and the difference between the actual return on plan assets and the expected return on plan assets. The effect of changes in the discount rate and expected rate of return on plan assets assumptions in combination with the actual return on plan assets can result in significant changes in our estimated pension and postretirement benefit cost and our consolidated financial condition.

The following sensitivity analysis shows the impact of a 25 basis point change in the assumed discount rate and return on plan assets on our FAS pension benefit plan obligations and expense for the year ended December 31, 2025:

(1)Excludes effect of annual mark to market adjustment.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Each year, we evaluate goodwi

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