CNB FINANCIAL CORP/PA (CCNE)

ITEM 2

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

GENERAL OVERVIEW

The following discussion and analysis of the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Corporation is presented to provide insight into management's assessment of financial results. The terms "we", "us" and "our" refer to CNB Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries. The financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries are not necessarily indicative of future performance.

The Corporation is a financial holding company registered under the BHC Act. It was incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1983 for the purpose of engaging in the business of a financial holding company. The Corporation's subsidiary, the Bank, provides financial services to individuals and businesses. The CNB Bank franchise's primary market areas are the Pennsylvania counties of Blair, Cambria, Centre, Clearfield, Elk, Indiana, Jefferson, and McKean. ERIEBANK, a division of the Bank, operates in the Pennsylvania counties of Crawford, Erie, and Warren and in the Ohio counties of Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, and Lorain. FCBank, a division of the Bank, operates in the Ohio counties of Crawford, Delaware, Franklin, Knox, Marion, Morrow, and Richland. BankOnBuffalo, a division of the Bank, operates in the New York counties of Erie, Niagara, and Ontario. Ridge View Bank, a division of the Bank, operates in the Virginia counties of Botetourt, Craig, Franklin, New River Valley, and Roanoke. ESSA Bank, a division of the Bank, operates in the Pennsylvania counties of Delaware, Chester, Lackawanna, Lehigh, Luzerne, Monroe, and Northampton. Effective February 12, 2026, the Bank became a member bank of the Federal Reserve System, and its primary federal regulator is now the Federal Reserve Board, instead of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

In addition to the Bank, the Corporation has four other subsidiaries. CNB Securities Corporation is incorporated in Delaware and currently maintains investments in debt and equity securities. CNB Insurance Agency, incorporated in Pennsylvania, provides for the sale of nonproprietary annuities and other insurance products. CNB Risk Management, Inc., incorporated in Delaware, is a captive insurance company that insures against certain risks unique to the operations of the Corporation and its subsidiaries and for which insurance may not be currently available or economically feasible in today's insurance marketplace. Holiday Financial Services Corporation, incorporated in Pennsylvania, offers small balance unsecured loans and secured loans, primarily collateralized by automobiles and equipment, to borrowers with higher risk characteristics.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Corporation's consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2025, included in the 2025 Form 10-K, and in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Item 1 of this report. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year ending December 31, 2026, or any future period.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION

This report contains references to financial measures that are not defined in GAAP. Management uses non-GAAP financial information in its analysis of the Corporation's performance. Management believes that these non-GAAP measures provide a greater understanding of ongoing operations, enhance comparability of results of operations with prior periods and show the effects of significant gains and charges in the periods presented. The Corporation's management believes that investors may use these non-GAAP measures to analyze the Corporation's financial performance without the impact of unusual items or events that may obscure trends in the Corporation's underlying performance. This non-GAAP data should be considered in addition to results prepared in accordance with GAAP, and is not a substitute for, or superior to, GAAP results. Limitations associated with non-GAAP financial measures include the risks that persons might disagree as to the appropriateness of items included in these measures and that different companies might calculate these measures differently.

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Non-GAAP measures reflected within the discussion below include:

•Merger transaction related expenses, net of tax;

•Income available to common (excluding merger transaction related expenses);

•Tangible book value per common share;

•Tangible common equity;

•Tangible common equity/tangible assets;

•Efficiency ratio (fully tax-equivalent basis) and efficiency ratio (fully tax-equivalent basis and excluding merger and integration costs);

•Net interest margin (fully tax-equivalent basis) and net interest margin, excluding purchase accounting loan accretion (fully tax-equivalent basis);

•Basic and diluted earnings per share (excluding merger transaction related expenses);

•Return on average equity (excluding merger transaction related expenses); and

•Return on average tangible common equity and return on average tangible common equity (excluding merger transaction related expenses).

A reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures is provided below in the "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section.

PRIMARY FACTORS USED TO EVALUATE PERFORMANCE

Management considers return on average assets, return on average equity, return on average tangible common equity, earnings per common share, tangible book value per common share, asset quality, net interest margin, and other metrics as key measures of the financial performance of the Corporation. The interest rate environment will continue to play an important role in the future earnings of the Corporation. To address the challenging interest rate and competitive environments, the Corporation continues to evaluate, develop and implement strategies necessary to support its ongoing financial performance objectives and future growth goals. Additionally, management frequently evaluates the potential impact of economic and geopolitical events that may have an impact on the credit risk profile of its customers and develops proactive strategies to mitigate such potential impacts on the Corporation's loan portfolio.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash and cash equivalents totaled $458.4 million at June 30, 2026, including additional excess liquidity of $364.8 million held at the Federal Reserve, compared to $527.9 million at December 31, 2025. These excess funds, when combined with collective contingent liquidity resources of $6.0 billion including (i) available borrowing capacity from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve, and (ii) available unused commitments from brokered deposit sources and other third-party funding channels, including previously established lines of credit from correspondent banks, result in the total available liquidity sources for the Corporation to be approximately 4.8 times the estimated amount of adjusted uninsured deposit balances.

Management believes the liquidity needs of the Corporation are satisfied primarily by the current balance of cash and cash equivalents, customer and brokered deposits, FHLB financing, the portions of the securities and loan portfolios that mature within one year, and other third-party funding channels. The Corporation expects that these sources of funds will enable it to meet cash obligations and off-balance sheet commitments as they come due. In addition to the above noted liquidity sources, the Corporation maintains access to the Federal Reserve discount window.

SECURITIES

AFS debt securities and equity securities combined totaled $704.2 million and $595.2 million at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. At June 30, 2026, the total balance of investments classified as HTM debt securities was $203.0 million compared to $242.1 million at December 31, 2025.

The Corporation's objective is to maintain the investment securities portfolio at an appropriate level to balance the earnings and liquidity provided by the portfolio. Note 4, "Securities," to the condensed consolidated financial statements provides more detail concerning the composition of the Corporation's securities portfolio and the process for evaluating securities for impairment.

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The following table summarizes the maturity distribution schedule with corresponding weighted-average yields of AFS debt securities as of June 30, 2026. Weighted-average yields have been computed on a fully taxable-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21%. Mortgage-backed securities are included in maturity categories based on their stated maturity date.

The following table summarizes the maturity distribution schedule with corresponding weighted-average yields of HTM debt securities as of June 30, 2026:

The following table summarizes the weighted average modified duration of AFS securities as of June 30, 2026:

The following table summarizes the weighted average modified duration of securities HTM as of June 30, 2026:

The portfolio contains no holdings of a single issuer that exce

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is presented to provide insight into management’s assessment of financial results and should be read in conjunction with the following parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K: Part I, Item 1 "Business," Part II, Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," and Part II, Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." This section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K generally discusses 2025 and 2024 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2025 and 2024. Discussions of 2023 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

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Dollar amounts in tables are stated in thousands, except for per share amounts.

Forward-Looking Statements and Factors that Could Affect Future Results

The information below includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, with respect to CNB’s financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, future performance and business. These forward-looking statements are intended to be covered by the safe harbor for "forward-looking statements" provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are those that are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, estimates and intentions that are subject to significant risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors (some of which are beyond CNB’s control). Forward-looking statements often include the words "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "estimates," "forecasts," "intends," "plans," "targets," "potentially," "probably," "projects," "outlook" or similar expressions or future conditional verbs such as "may," "will," "should," "would" and "could." CNB’s actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements, which are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees or assurances of future performance.

Such known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from the statements, include, but are not limited to, (i) adverse changes or conditions in capital and financial markets, including actual or potential stresses in the banking industry; (ii) changes in interest rates; (iii) the credit risks of lending activities, including our ability to estimate credit losses and the allowance for credit losses, as well as the effects of changes in the level of, and trends in, loan delinquencies and write-offs; (iv) effectiveness of our data security controls in the face of cyber attacks and any reputational risks following a cybersecurity incident; (v) changes in general business, industry or economic conditions or competition; (vi) changes in any applicable law, rule, regulation, policy, guideline or practice governing or affecting financial holding companies and their subsidiaries or with respect to tax or accounting principles or otherwise; (vii) adverse economic effects from international trade disputes, including threatened or implemented tariffs imposed by the U.S. and threatened or implemented tariffs imposed by foreign countries in retaliation, or similar events impacting economic activity; (viii) higher than expected costs or other difficulties related to integration of combined or merged businesses; (ix) the effects of business combinations and other acquisition transactions, including the inability to realize our l and investment portfolios; (x) changes in the quality or composition of our loan and investment portfolios; (xi) adequacy of loan loss reserves; (xii) increased competition; (xiii) loss of certain key officers; (xiv) deposit attrition; (xv) rapidly changing technology; (xvi) unanticipated regulatory or judicial proceedings and liabilities and other costs; (xvii) changes in the cost of funds, demand for loan products or demand for financial services; and (xviii) other economic, competitive, governmental or technological factors affecting our operations, markets, products, services and prices. Such developments could have an adverse impact on CNB's financial position and results of operations.

The forward-looking statements contained herein are based upon management’s beliefs and assumptions. Any forward-looking statement made herein speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. CNB undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except to the extent required by law. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed might not occur and you should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements.

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Overview

The Corporation is a financial holding company registered under the BHC Act. It was incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1983 for the purpose of engaging in the business of a financial holding company. The Corporation’s subsidiary, the Bank, provides financial services to individuals and businesses. The CNB Bank franchise's primary market areas are the Pennsylvania counties of Blair, Cambria, Centre, Clearfield, Elk, Indiana, Jefferson, and McKean. ERIEBANK, a division of the Bank, operates in the Pennsylvania counties of Crawford, Erie, and Warren and in the Ohio counties of Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, and Lorain. FCBank, a division of the Bank, operates in the Ohio counties of Crawford, Delaware, Franklin, Knox, Marion, Morrow, and Richland. BankOnBuffalo, a division of the Bank, operates in the New York counties of Erie, Niagara, and Ontario. Ridge View Bank, a division of the Bank, operates in the Virginia counties of Botetourt, Craig, Franklin, New River Valley, and Roanoke. ESSA Bank, a division of the Bank, operates in the Pennsylvania counties of Delaware, Chester, Lackawanna, Lehigh, Luzerne, Monroe, and Northampton. Impressia Bank, a division of the Bank, operates in the Bank’s primary market areas. Although the Corporation’s strategies, through the Bank, are executed based on the divisions discussed above, the Bank is a single Pennsylvania-chartered bank whereby all divisions of the Bank conduct their business on a doing business as basis.

In addition to the Bank, the Corporation has four other subsidiaries. CNB Securities Corporation is incorporated in Delaware and currently maintains investments in debt and equity securities. CNB Insurance Agency, incorporated in Pennsylvania, provides for the sale of nonproprietary annuities and other insurance products. CNB Risk Management, Inc., incorporated in Delaware, is a captive insurance company that insures against certain risks unique to the operations of the Corporation and its subsidiaries and for which insurance may not be currently available or economically feasible in today's insurance marketplace. Holiday, incorporated in Pennsylvania, offers small balance unsecured loans and secured loans, primarily collateralized by automobiles and equipment, to borrowers with higher risk characteristics.

Merger with ESSA Bancorp, Inc.

On July 23, 2025, the Corporation completed its previously announced acquisition of ESSA and its subsidiary bank, ESSA Bank, pursuant to the Merger Agreement. The Corporation’s acquisition of ESSA was an all-stock transaction. Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, ESSA merged with and into the Corporation, with the Corporation as the surviving entity, and immediately thereafter, ESSA Bank merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank as the surviving bank. Banking offices of ESSA Bank operate under the trade name ESSA Bank, a division of CNB Bank.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, each outstanding share of ESSA common stock was converted into the right to receive 0.8547 shares of the Corporation’s common stock. The total consideration paid to ESSA shareholders was approximately $202.6 million, comprised of approximately 8,359,430 shares of the Corporation's common stock, valued at approximately $202.5 million based on the July 23, 2025 closing price of $24.23 per share of the Corporation's common stock, and $21 thousand in cash in lieu of fractional shares.

Non-GAAP Financial Information

This report contains references to financial measures that are not defined in GAAP. Management uses non-GAAP financial information in its analysis of the Corporation’s performance. Management believes that these non-GAAP measures provide a greater understanding of ongoing operations, enhance comparability of results of operations with prior periods and show the effects of significant gains and charges in the periods presented. The Corporation’s management believes that investors may use these non-GAAP measures to analyze the Corporation’s financial performance without the impact of unusual items or events that may obscure trends in the Corporation’s underlying performance. This non-GAAP data should be considered in addition to results prepared in accordance with GAAP, and is not a substitute for, or superior to, GAAP results. Limitations associated with non-GAAP financial measures include the risks that persons might disagree as to the appropriateness of items included in these measures and that different companies might calculate these measures differently.

Non-GAAP measures reflected within the discussion below also include adjusted calculations to exclude after-tax merger and integration costs ("merger transaction related expenses") related to the Corporation’s acquisition of ESSA.

Non-GAAP measures reflected within the discussion below include:

•Tangible book value per common share;

•Tangible common equity/tangible assets;

•Adjusted net income available to common shareholders;

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•Adjusted earnings per share;

•Merger transaction related expenses, net of tax;

•Net interest margin (fully tax equivalent basis) and Net interest margin excluding purchase accounting loan accretion (fully tax equivalent basis);

•Efficiency ratio (fully tax equivalent basis) and Adjusted efficiency ratio (fully tax equivalent basis);

•Pre-provision net revenue ("PPNR") and Adjusted PPNR; and

•Return on average tangible common equity and Adjusted return on average tangible common equity.

A reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures is provided below in the "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section.

Primary Factors Used To Evaluate Performance

Management considers return on average assets, return on average equity, return on average tangible common equity, earnings per common share, tangible book value per common share, asset quality, net interest margin, and other metrics as key measures of the financial performance of the Corporation. The interest rate environment will continue to play an important role in the future earnings of the Corporation. To address the challenging interest rate and competitive environments, the Corporation continues to evaluate, develop and implement strategies necessary to support its ongoing financial performance objectives and future growth goals. Additionally, management frequently evaluates the potential impact of economic and geopolitical events that may have an impact on the cred

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