HEALTHPEAK PROPERTIES, INC. (DOC)

ITEM 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The information set forth in this Item 7 is intended to provide readers with an understanding of our financial condition, changes in financial condition, and results of operations. This section generally discusses the results of our operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. For a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, please refer to Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 9, 2024.

The discussion below contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those which are discussed in “Item 1A, Risk Factors.” See also “Cautionary Language Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” preceding Part I.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our accompanying, consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.

We will discuss and provide our analysis in the following order:

•Market Trends and Uncertainties

•Company Highlights

•Dividends

•Results of Operations

•Liquidity and Capital Resources

•Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliations

•Critical Accounting Estimates

•Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Market Trends and Uncertainties

Our operating results have been and will continue to be impacted by global and national economic and market conditions generally and by the local economic conditions where our properties are located.

Increased interest rates, ongoing geopolitical tensions, and volatility in public and private equity and fixed income markets have led to increased costs and limitations on the availability of capital. In addition, increased interest rates have and could continue to adversely impact our borrowing costs, the fair value of our fixed rate instruments, transaction volume, and real estate values generally, including our real estate.

To the extent our tenants and/or operators have also experienced increased costs, liquidity constraints, and financing difficulties due to the foregoing macroeconomic and market conditions, they may be unable or unwilling to make payments or perform their obligations when due.

We have also been affected by increased costs relating to tenant improvements and construction, which, together with higher costs of capital, have adversely affected, and in the future may adversely affect, the expected yields on our development and redevelopment projects. While there have been signs that cost pressures are moderating, there can be no assurance that this will continue to be the case.

We continuously monitor the effects of domestic and global events on our operations and financial position, and on the operations and financial position of our tenants, operators, and borrowers, to enable us to remain responsive and adaptable to the dynamic changes in our operating environment. These events include but are not limited to inflation; interest rates; challenges in the financial markets; and changes in the U.S. political administration, which could affect healthcare policy, labor supply, procurement and construction costs, and economic conditions, among other things.

See “Item 1A, Risk Factors” in this report for additional discussion of the risks posed by macroeconomic conditions, as well as the uncertainties we and our tenants, operators, and borrowers may face as a result.

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Company Highlights

On March 1, 2024, we completed the Merger with Physicians Realty Trust, which resulted in the acquisition of 299 outpatient medical buildings.

Real Estate Transactions

•In January 2024, we sold a 65% interest in two lab buildings in San Diego, California (the “Callan Ridge JV”) to a third-party for net proceeds of $128 million.

•In April 2024, we exercised our option to buy out four redeemable noncontrolling interests, made aggregate cash payments for the total redemption value of $53 million to the related noncontrolling interest holders, and acquired the redeemable noncontrolling interests associated with these entities.

•During the year ended December 31, 2024, we sold: (i) a portfolio of 61 outpatient medical buildings for $697 million and provided the buyer with a mortgage loan secured by the real estate sold for $419 million, (ii) 14 outpatient medical buildings for $220 million, (iii) a portfolio of seven lab buildings for $180 million, and (iv) a portfolio comprised of a land parcel and various vacant buildings on certain of our CCRC campuses for $12 million.

Development and Redevelopment Activities

•During the year ended December 31, 2024, the following projects were placed in service: (i) a portion of two lab development projects with total project costs of $83 million, (ii) two outpatient medical development projects with total project costs of $62 million, (iii) one outpatient medical development project held in a consolidated joint venture of which our share of total project costs was $22 million, (iv) one lab redevelopment building held in one of our unconsolidated South San Francisco JVs of which our share of total project costs was $15 million, (v) one lab redevelopment project with total project costs of $14 million, (vi) a portion of one lab redevelopment project with total project costs of $13 million, and (vii) a portion of one lab redevelopment building held in one of our unconsolidated South San Francisco JVs of which our share of total project costs was $9 million.

Financing Activities

•In March 2024, we executed a $750 million five year unsecured term loan (the “2029 Term Loan”) as an incremental facility under the term loan agreement. In January 2024, we entered into forward-starting interest rate swap instruments on the 2029 Term Loan which are designated as cash flow hedges and establish a blended fixed effective interest rate of 4.66%.

•During the year ended December 31, 2024, we repurchased 10.5 million shares of our common stock under our 2022 Share Repurchase Program (as defined below) at a weighted average price of $17.98 per share for a total of $188 million.

•In February 2025, we repaid $348 million aggregate principal amount of 3.40% senior unsecured notes at maturity.

Other Activities

•During the year ended December 31, 2024, we refinanced one of our existing seller financing loans receivable, extended the maturity date to August 2027, and received aggregate partial principal repayments of $74 million.

•During the year ended December 31, 2024, we executed an early lease renewal for approximately 2 million square feet leased by CommonSpirit Health, which is subject to a master agreement, which extended the weighted average lease term of existing leases from July 2027 to December 2035, amended the contractual rents to current market rates, and increased the annual contractual lease escalations from 2.5% to 3.0%.

•In January 2025, we received full repayment of: (i) the $48 million outstanding balance of one of our seller financing loans receivable and (ii) the $15 million outstanding balance of one secured loan with an original maturity of July 2027.

Dividends

Quarterly common stock cash dividends paid during 2024 aggregated to $1.20 per share. On February 3, 2025, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly common stock cash dividend of $0.305 per share, reflecting an increase from $0.30 to $0.305 per share. The dividend will be paid on February 26, 2025 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on February 14, 2025.

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Results of Operations

We evaluate our business and allocate resources among our operating segments: (i) outpatient medical, (ii) lab, (iii) CCRC, (iv) an interest in our unconsolidated SWF SH JV, and (v) loans receivable. Our operating segments are aggregated into the following reportable segments: (i) outpatient medical, (ii) lab, and (iii) CCRC. Under the outpatient medical and lab segments, we own, operate, and develop outpatient medical buildings, hospitals, and lab buildings. Our CCRCs are operated through RIDEA structures. The SWF SH JV and loans receivable are non-reportable segments that have been presented on a combined basis herein. We evaluate performance based upon property adjusted net operating income (“Adjusted NOI” or “Cash NOI”) in each segment. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted NOI

Adjusted NOI is a non-U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) supplemental financial measure used to evaluate the operating performance of real estate. Adjusted NOI represents real estate revenues (inclusive of rental and related revenues, resident fees and services, and government grant income and exclusive of interest income), less property level operating expenses; Adjusted NOI excludes all other financial statement amounts included in net income (loss) as presented in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Adjusted NOI eliminates the effects of straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, termination fees, actuarial reserves for insurance claims that have been incurred but not reported, and the impact of deferred community fee income and expense. Adjusted NOI is calculated as Adjusted NOI from consolidated properties, plus our share of Adjusted NOI from unconsolidated joint ventures (calculated by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period), less noncontrolling interests’ share of Adjusted NOI from consolidated joint ventures (calculated by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period). We utilize our share of Adjusted NOI in assessing our performance as we have various joint ventures that contribute to our performance. Our share of Adjusted NOI should not be considered a substitute for, and should only be considered together with and as a supplement to, our financial information presented in accordance with GAAP.

Adjusted NOI is oftentimes referred to as “Cash NOI.” Management believes Adjusted NOI is an important supplemental measure because it provides relevant and useful information by reflecting only income and operating expense items that are incurred at the property level and presents them on an unlevered basis. We use Adjusted NOI to make decisions about resource allocations, to assess and compare property level performance, and to evaluate our Merger-Combined Same-Store (“Merger-Combined SS”) performance, as described below. We believe that net income (loss) is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to Adjusted NOI. Adjusted NOI should not be viewed as an alternative measure of operating performance to net income (loss) as defined by GAAP since it does not reflect various excluded items. Further, our definition of Adjusted NOI may not be comparable to the definitions used by other REITs or real estate companies, as they may use different methodologies for calculating Adjusted NOI.

As described in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) evaluates the performance of our operating segments based on Adjusted NOI. Our operating segments are aggregated into reportable segments for which we disclose Total Portfolio Adjusted NOI for our reportable segments. For further information, including information reconciling our Adjusted NOI for reportable segments to our income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures, refer to Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Operating expenses generally relate to leased outpatient medical and lab buildings, as well as CCRC facilities. We generally recover all or a portion of our leased outpatient medical and lab property expenses through tenant recoveries, which are recognized within rental and related revenues.

Merger-Combined Same-Store Adjusted NOI

Merger-Combined Same-Store Adjusted NOI includes legacy Physicians Realty Trust properties that met the same-store criteria as if they were owned by the Company for the full analysis period. This information allows our investors, analysts, and us to evaluate the performance of our property portfolio under a consistent population by eliminating changes in the composition of our portfolio of properties, excluding properties within the other non-reportable segments. We include properties from our consolidated portfolio, as well as properties owned by our unconsolidated joint ventures in Adjusted NOI (see Adjusted NOI definition above for further discussion regarding our use of pro-rata share information and its limitations). Merger-Combined Same-Store Adjusted NOI excludes government grant income under the CARES Act, amortization of deferred revenue from tenant-funded improvements, and certain non-property specific operating expenses that are allocated to each operating segment on a consolidated basis.

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Properties are included in Merger-Combined Same-Store once they are fully operating for the entirety of the comparative periods presented. A property is removed from Merger-Combined Same-Store when it is classified as held for sale, sold, placed into redevelopment, experiences a casualty event that significantly impacts operations, or a significant tenant relocates from a Merger-Combined Same-Store property to a Merger-Combined non Same-Store property and that change results in a corresponding increase in revenue. We do not report Merger-Combined Same-Store metrics for our other non-reportable segments.

Management believes that continued reporting of the same-store portfolio for only pre-merger Healthpeak Properties, Inc. offers minimal value to investors who are seeking to understand the operating performance and growth potential of the Combined Company. The Company was provided access to the underlying financial statements of legacy Physicians Realty Trust (which financial statements have been audited or, in the case of interim periods, reviewed) and other detailed information about each property, such as the acquisition date. Based on this available information, the Company was able to consistently apply its same-store definition across the combined portfolio. As a result of the Merger, approximately 97% of the combined portfolio is represented in the Merger-Combined Same-Store presentation for the outpatient medical segment for the year ended December 31, 2024.

For a reconciliation of Merger-Combined Same-Store to total portfolio Adjusted NOI and other relevant disclosures by segment, refer to our Segment Analysis below.

Nareit FFO. Funds from Operations (“FFO”), as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”), is net income (loss) applicable to common shares (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains or losses from sales of depreciable property, including any current and deferred taxes directly associated with sales of depreciable property, impairments of, or related to, depreciable real estate, plus real estate-related depreciation and amortization, and adjustments to compute our share of Nareit FFO from joint ventures. Adjustments for joint ventures are calculated to reflect our pro rata share of both our consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures. We reflect our share of Nareit FFO for unconsolidated joint ventures by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period to the applicable reconciling items on an entity by entity basis. For consolidated joint ventures in which we do not own 100%, we reflect our share of the equity by adjusting our Nareit FFO to remove the third-party ownership share of the applicable reconciling items based on actual ownership percentage for the applicable periods. Our pro rata share information is prepared on a basis consistent with the comparable consolidated amounts, is intended to reflect our proportionate economic interest in the operating results of properties in our portfolio and is calculated by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period. We do not control the unconsolidated joint ventures, and the pro rata presentations of reconciling items included in Nareit FFO do not represent our legal claim to such items. The joint venture members or partners are entitled to profit or loss allocations and distributions of cash flows according to the joint venture agreements, which provide for such allocations generally according to their invested capital.

The presentation of pro rata information has limitations, which include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) the amounts shown on the individual line items were derived by applying our overall economic ownership interest percentage determined when applying the equity method of accounting and do not necessarily represent our legal claim to the assets and liabilities, or the revenues and expenses and (ii) other companies in our industry may calculate their pro rata interest differently, limiting the usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these limitations, the pro rata financial information should not be considered independently or as a substitute for our financial statements as reported under GAAP. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP financial statements, using the pro rata financial information as a supplement.

We believe Nareit FFO applicable to common shares and diluted Nareit FFO applicable to common shares are important supplemental non-GAAP measures of operating performance for a REIT. Because the historical cost accounting convention used for real estate assets utilizes straight-line depreciation (except on land), such accounting presentation implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen and fallen with market conditions, presentations of operating results for a REIT that use historical cost accounting for depreciation could be less informative. The term Nareit FFO was designed by the REIT industry to address this issue.

Nareit FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP, is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash needs and should not be considered an alternative to net income (loss). We compute Nareit FFO in accordance with the current Nareit definition; however, other REITs may report Nareit FFO differently or have a different interpretation of the current Nareit definition from ours. For a reconciliation of net income (loss) to Nareit FFO and other relevant disclosures, refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliations” below.

FFO as Adjusted. In addition, we present Nareit FFO on an adjusted basis before the impact of non-comparable items including, but not limited to, transaction and merger-related items, other impairments (recoveries) and other losses (gains), restructuring and severance-related charges, prepayment costs (benefits) associated with early retirement or payment of debt, litigation costs (recoveries), casualty-related charges (recoveries), deferred tax asset valuation allowances, and changes in tax legislation (“FFO as Adjusted”). These adjustments are net of tax, when applicable, and are reflective of our share of our joint

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ventures. Adjustments for joint ventures are calculated to reflect our pro rata share of both our consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures. We reflect our share of FFO as Adjusted for unconsolidated joint ventures by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period to the applicable reconciling items on an entity by entity basis. We reflect our share for consolidated joint ventures in which we do not own 100% of the equity by adjusting our FFO as Adjusted to remove the third-party ownership share of the applicable reconciling items based on actual ownership percentage for the applicable periods. See “Nareit FFO” above for further disclosures regarding our use of pro rata share information and its limitations. Transaction and merger-related items include transaction expenses and gains/charges incurred as a result of mergers and acquisitions and lease amendment or termination activities. Prepayment costs (benefits) associated with early retirement of debt include the write-off of unamortized deferred financing fees, or additional costs, expenses, discounts, make-whole payments, penalties or premiums incurred as a result of early retirement or payment of debt. Other impairments (recoveries) and other losses (gains) include interest income associated with early and partial repayments of loans receivable and other losses or gains associated with non-depreciable assets including goodwill, undeveloped land parcels, and loans receivable. Management believes that FFO as Adjusted provides a meaningful supplemental measurement of our FFO run-rate and is frequently used by analysts, investors, and other interested parties in the evaluation of our performance as a REIT. At the same time that Nareit created and defined its FFO measure for the REIT industry, it also recognized that “management of each of its member companies has the responsibility and authority to publish financial information that it regards as useful to the financial community.” We believe stockholders, potential investors, and financial analysts who review our operating performance are best served by an FFO run-rate earnings measure that includes certain other adjustments to net income (loss), in addition to adjustments made to arrive at the Nareit defined measure of FFO. FFO as Adjusted is used by management in analyzing our business and the performance of our properties and we believe it is important that stockholders, potential investors, and financial analysts understand this measure used by management. We use FFO as Adjusted to: (i) evaluate our performance in comparison with expected results and results of previous periods, relative to resource allocation decisions, (ii) evaluate the performance of our management, (iii) budget and forecast future results to assist in the allocation of resources, (iv) assess our performance as compared with similar real estate companies and the industry in general, and (v) evaluate how a specific potential investment will impact our future results. Other REITs or real estate companies may use different methodologies for calculating an adjusted FFO measure, and accordingly, our FFO as Adjusted may not be comparable to those reported by other REITs. For a reconciliation of net income (loss) to FFO as Adjusted and other relevant disclosure, refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliations” below.

Adjusted FFO (“AFFO”). AFFO is defined as FFO as Adjusted after excluding the impact of the following: (i) stock-based compensation amortization expense, (ii) amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts (premiums), (iii) straight-line rents, (iv) deferred income taxes, (v) amortization of above (below) market lease intangibles, net, (vi) non-refundable entrance fees collected in excess of (less than) the related amortization, and (vii) other AFFO adjustments, which include: (a) lease incentive amortization (reduction of straight-line rents), (b) actuarial reserves for insurance claims that have been incurred but not reported, and (c) amortization of deferred revenues, excluding amounts amortized into rental income that are associated with tenant funded improvements owned/recognized by us and up-front cash payments made by tenants to reduce their contractual rents. Also, AFFO is computed after deducting recurring capital expenditures, including second generation leasing costs and second generation tenant and capital improvements (“AFFO capital expenditures”). All adjustments are reflective of our pro rata share of both our consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures (reported in “other AFFO adjustments”). We reflect our share of AFFO for unconsolidated joint ventures by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period to the applicable reconciling items on an entity by entity basis. We reflect our share for consolidated joint ventures in which we do not own 100% of the equity by adjusting our AFFO to remove the third-party ownership share of the applicable reconciling items based on actual ownership percentage for the applicable periods. See “Nareit FFO” above for further disclosures regarding our use of pro rata share information and its limitations. We believe AFFO is an alternative run-rate performance measure that improves the understanding of our operating results among investors and makes comparisons with: (i) expected results, (ii) results of previous periods, and (iii) results among REITs more meaningful. AFFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP and is not indicative of cash available to fund cash needs as it excludes the following items which generally flow through our cash flows from operating activities: (i) adjustments for changes in working capital or the actual timing of the payment of income or expense items that are accrued in the period, (ii) transaction-related costs, (iii) litigation settlement expenses, and (iv) restructuring and severance-related charges. Furthermore, AFFO is adjusted for recurring capital expenditures, which are generally not considered when determining cash flows from operations or liquidity. Other REITs or real estate companies may use different methodologies for calculating AFFO, and accordingly, our AFFO may not be comparable to those reported by other REITs. Management believes AFFO provides a meaningful supplemental measure of our performance and is frequently used by analysts, investors, and other interested parties in the evaluation of our performance as a REIT, and by presenting AFFO, we are assisting these parties in their evaluation. AFFO is a non-GAAP supplemental financial measure and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) determined in accordance with GAAP and should only be considered together with and as a supplement to our financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. For a reconciliation of net income (loss) to AFFO and other relevant disclosures, refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliations” below.

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Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2024 to the Year Ended December 31, 2023

Overview

The following table summarizes results for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023(1) (in thousands):

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(1)For the reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliations” below.

Net income (loss) applicable to common shares decreased primarily as a result of the following:

•an increase in depreciation, primarily as a result of: (i) assets acquired as part of the Merger and (ii) development and redevelopment projects placed in service during 2023 and 2024;

•an increase in transaction and merger-related costs, primarily as a result of costs incurred in connection with the Merger;

•an increase in interest expense, primarily as a result of: (i) debt assumed as part of the Merger, including $1.25 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes, $400 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured term loans assumed as part of the Merger (the “2028 Term Loan”), and $128 million aggregate principal amount of mortgage debt and (ii) borrowings under the 2029 Term Loan, which closed in March 2024;

•an increase in impairments and loan loss reserves (recoveries), net, primarily as a result of: (i) impairment charges associated with an asset impaired under the held for sale model and (ii) an increase in loan loss reserves recognized on secured loans and mezzanine loans receivable acquired as part of the Merger;

•an increase in casualty-related losses from Hurricane Milton during the fourth quarter of 2024; and

•an increase in income tax expense primarily as a result of an income tax expense incurred in connection with the sale of a 65% interest in two lab buildings in San Diego, California to a third-party in January 2024.

The decrease in net income (loss) applicable to common shares was partially offset by:

•an increase in Adjusted NOI generated from our lab and outpatient medical segments related to: (i) assets acquired as part of the Merger, (ii) development and redevelopment projects placed in service during 2023 and 2024, and (iii) new leasing activity during 2023 and 2024 (including the impact to straight-line rents);

•an increase in gain on sales of depreciable real estate sales during 2024 as compared to 2023;

•a gain upon change of control related to the sale of a 65% interest in two lab buildings in San Diego, California to a third-party in January 2024; and

•an increase in interest income related to mezzanine and secured loans receivable acquired as part of the Merger and seller financing provided in connection with the disposition of 61 outpatient medical buildings in 2024.

Nareit FFO increased primarily as a result of the aforementioned events impacting net income (loss) applicable to common shares, except for the following, which are excluded from Nareit FFO:

•depreciation and amortization expense;

•gain on sales of depreciable real estate;

•gain upon change of control;

•impairments of depreciable real estate; and

•taxes associated with real estate dispositions.

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FFO as Adjusted increased primarily as a result of the aforementioned events impacting Nareit FFO, except the following, which are excluded from FFO as Adjusted:

•transaction and merger-related items;

•casualty-related losses; and

•loan loss reserves (recoveries).

AFFO increased primarily as a result of higher cash collections of non-refundable entrance fees at our CCRCs, and the aforementioned events impacting FFO as Adjusted, except for the impact of straight-line rents and amortization of deferred financing costs, deferred income taxes, and debt discounts (premiums) on amounts recognized in connection with the Merger, which are excluded from AFFO, partially offset by higher AFFO capital expenditures during the period.

Segment Analysis

The following tables provide selected operating information for our Merger-Combined Same-Store and total property portfolio for each of our reportable segments. For the year ended December 31, 2024, our Merger-Combined Same-Store consists of 625 properties representing properties fully operating on or prior to January 1, 2023 and that remained in operation through December 31, 2024. Legacy Physicians Realty Trust properties that met the definition of Merger-Combined Same-Store are included in both periods presented as if they were owned by the Company for the full analysis period. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for additional information. Our total property portfolio consisted of 697 and 477 properties at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Outpatient Medical

The following table summarizes results at and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (dollars and square feet in thousands, except per square foot data):

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(1)Merger-Combined Same-Store includes legacy Physicians Realty Trust properties that met the definition of Merger-Combined Same-Store as if they were owned by the Company for the full analysis period. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definition of Merger-Combined Same-Store.

(2)Total Portfolio includes results of operations from disposed properties through the disposition date. 2024 Total Portfolio includes results of operations for legacy Healthpeak prior to the Closing Date and results of operations for the Combined Company after the Closing Date.

(3)Represents adjustments we make to calculate Adjusted NOI in accordance with our definition of Adjusted NOI, which is used by our CODM to evaluate performance of our reportable segments. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information, including information reconciling our Adjusted NOI for reportable segments to income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures. Refer also to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definition of Adjusted NOI.

(4)Represents Adjusted NOI for legacy Physicians Realty Trust properties prior to the Closing Date.

(5)From our 2023 presentation of Same-Store, we added: (i) 290 properties acquired as part of the Merger, (ii) 8 stabilized developments placed in service, (iii) 5 stabilized redevelopments placed in service, and (iv) 4 stabilized acquisitions, and we removed: (i) 72 assets that were sold and (ii) 1 asset that was classified as held for sale.

(6)Total Portfolio occupancy excludes any of the following: (i) developments, (ii) significant redevelopments, (iii) newly completed properties under lease-up, and (iv) properties held for sale.

(7)Average annual total revenues does not include non-cash revenue adjustments (i.e., straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, and deferred revenues).

(8)Base rent does not include tenant recoveries, additional rents in excess of floors, and non-cash revenue adjustments (i.e., straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, and deferred revenues).

Merger-Combined Same-Store Adjusted NOI increased primarily as a result of the following:

•mark-to-market lease renewals;

•higher average occupancy; and

•annual rent escalations; partially offset by

•higher operating expenses, net of savings from our internalization of property management.

Total Portfolio Adjusted NOI increased primarily as a result of the aforementioned impacts to Merger-Combined Same-Store and the following Merger-Combined Non-Same-Store impacts:

•Adjusted NOI from the outpatient medical buildings acquired as part of the Merger in 2024;

•increased occupancy in former redevelopment and development properties that have been placed into service; partially offset by

•business interruption proceeds received in 2023 related to a demolished asset; and

•decreased Adjusted NOI from our 2023 and 2024 dispositions.

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Lab

The following table summarizes results at and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (dollars and square feet in thousands, except per square foot data):

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(1)Total Portfolio includes results of operations from disposed properties through the disposition date.

(2)Represents adjustments we make to calculate Adjusted NOI in accordance with our definition of Adjusted NOI, which is used by our CODM to evaluate performance of our reportable segments. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information, including information reconciling our Adjusted NOI for reportable segments to income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures. Refer also to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definition of Adjusted NOI.

(3)From our 2023 presentation of Same-Store, we added: (i) 6 stabilized developments placed in service, (ii) 2 stabilized redevelopments placed in service, and (iii) 2 buildings that previously experienced a significant tenant relocation, and we removed: (i) 15 buildings that were placed into redevelopment and (ii) 7 assets that were sold.

(4)Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definition of Merger-Combined Same-Store. Total Portfolio occupancy excludes any of the following: (i) developments, (ii) significant redevelopments, (iii) newly completed properties under lease-up, and (iv) properties held for sale.

(5)Average annual total revenues does not include non-cash revenue adjustments (i.e., straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, and deferred revenues).

(6)Base rent does not include tenant recoveries, additional rents in excess of floors, and non-cash revenue adjustments (i.e., straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, and deferred revenues).

Merger-Combined Same-Store Adjusted NOI increased primarily as a result of the following:

•annual rent escalations; partially offset by

•higher operating expenses, net of savings from our internalization of property management; and

•lower average occupancy.

Total Portfolio Adjusted NOI decreased primarily as a result of the aforementioned impacts to Merger-Combined Same-Store and the following Merger-Combined Non-Same-Store impacts:

•decreased Adjusted NOI from our 2023 and 2024 dispositions; and

•decreased Adjusted NOI from buildings placed into development and redevelopment in 2023 and 2024.

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Continuing Care Retirement Community

The following table summarizes results at and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (dollars in thousands, except per unit data):

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(1)Represents government grant income received under the CARES Act, which is recorded in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(2)Represents adjustments we make to calculate Adjusted NOI in accordance with our definition of Adjusted NOI, which is used by our CODM to evaluate performance of our reportable segments. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information, including information reconciling our Adjusted NOI for reportable segments to income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures. Refer also to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definition of Adjusted NOI.

(3)From our 2023 presentation of Same-Store, no properties were added or removed.

(4)Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definition of Merger-Combined Same-Store. Total Portfolio occupancy excludes any of the following: (i) developments, (ii) significant redevelopments, (iii) newly completed properties under lease-up, and (iv) properties held for sale.

(5)Represents average occupied units as reported by the operators for the twelve-month period.

Merger-Combined Same-Store Adjusted NOI and Total Portfolio Adjusted NOI increased primarily as a result of the following:

•increased rates for resident fees; and

•higher occupancy; partially offset by

•higher costs of compensation and property management, food, and other operating expenses.

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Other Income and Expense Items

The following table summarizes the results of our other income and expense items for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

Interest income and other

Interest income and other increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of: (i) mezzanine and secured loans receivable acquired as part of the Merger and (ii) seller financing provided in connection with the disposition of 61 outpatient medical buildings during 2024, partially offset by principal repayments on loans receivable in 2023 and 2024.

Interest expense

Interest expense increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of: (i) debt assumed as part of the Merger, including $1.25 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes, $400 million aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Term Loan, and $128 million aggregate principal amount of mortgage debt, (ii) borrowings under the 2029 Term Loan, which closed in March 2024, and (iii) senior unsecured notes issued in January and May 2023, partially offset by lower borrowings on the commercial paper program.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of: (i) assets acquired as part of the Merger and (ii) development and redevelopment projects placed in service during 2023 and 2024, partially offset by: (i) assets placed into development and redevelopment in 2023 and 2024 and (ii) dispositions of real estate in 2023 and 2024.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of increased compensation, travel, information technology, and other costs incurred as a result of a higher headcount, partially offset by merger-related synergies and lower corporate office rent expense.

Transaction and merger-related costs

Transaction and merger-related costs increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of advisory, legal, accounting, tax, post-combination severance and stock compensation expense, and other costs of combining operations with Physicians Realty Trust that were incurred in connection with the Merger, partially offset by: (i) merger-related costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 2023 and (ii) expenses incurred in connection with our reorganization to an UPREIT structure in 2023.

Impairments and loan loss reserves (recoveries), net

Impairments and loan loss reserves (recoveries), net increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of: (i) impairment charges associated with an asset impaired under the held for sale model and (ii) an increase in loan loss reserves under the current expected credit losses model, which is primarily due to reserves recognized on secured loans and mezzanine loans receivable acquired as part of the Merger.

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Gain (loss) on sales of real estate, net

Gain on sales of real estate, net increased during the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of the $179 million gain on sales from: (i) a portfolio of 61 outpatient medical buildings sold for proceeds of $697 million, (ii) 14 outpatient medical buildings sold for proceeds of $220 million, (iii) a portfolio of seven lab buildings sold for proceeds of $180 million, and (vi) a portfolio comprised of a land parcel and various vacant buildings on certain of the Company’s CCRC campuses sold for proceeds of $12 million, which were sold during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the $81 million gain on sales from: (i) two lab buildings in Durham, North Carolina sold for proceeds of $113 million and (ii) two outpatient medical buildings sold for proceeds of $32 million, which were sold during the year ended December 31, 2023. Refer to Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding dispositions of real estate and the associated gain (loss) on sales recognized.

Other income (expense), net

Other income increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to a gain upon change of control related to the sale of a 65% interest in two lab buildings in San Diego, California to a third-party in January 2024, partially offset by casualty-related losses from Hurricane Milton during the fourth quarter of 2024.

Income tax benefit (expense)

Income tax expense increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of: (i) income tax expense incurred in connection with the sale of a 65% interest in two lab buildings in San Diego, California to a third-party in January 2024 and (ii) an increase in operating income associated with our CCRCs, partially offset by the tax impact of casualty-related losses from Hurricane Milton.

Equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures

Equity income from unconsolidated joint ventures decreased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of losses on unconsolidated joint ventures acquired as part of the Merger, partially offset by increased income from the South San Francisco JVs.

Noncontrolling interests’ share in continuing operations

Noncontrolling interests’ share in continuing operations decreased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of a gain on sale of an outpatient medical building in a consolidated joint venture in the first quarter of 2023, partially offset by increased income from consolidated joint ventures acquired as part of the Merger.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We anticipate that our cash flows from operations, available cash balances, and cash from our various financing activities will be adequate for the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future for purposes of: (i) funding recurring operating expenses; (ii) meeting debt service requirements; and (iii) satisfying funding of distributions to our stockholders and non-controlling interest members. Distributions are made using a combination of cash flows from operations, funds available under our bank line of credit (the “Revolving Facility”) and commercial paper program, proceeds from the sale of properties, and other sources of cash available to us.

In addition to funding the activities above, our principal liquidity needs for the next 12 months are to:

•fund capital expenditures, including tenant improvements and leasing costs; and

•fund future acquisition, transactional, and development and redevelopment activities.

Our longer term liquidity needs include the items listed above as well as meeting debt service requirements.

We anticipate satisfying these future needs using one or more of the following:

•cash flows from operations;

•sale of, or exchange of ownership interests in, properties or other investments;

•borrowings under our Revolving Facility and commercial paper program;

•issuance of additional debt, including unsecured notes, term loans, and mortgage debt; and/or

•issuance of common or preferred stock or its equivalent, including sales of common stock under the ATM Program (as defined below).

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Our ability to access the capital markets impacts our cost of capital and ability to refinance maturing indebtedness, as well as our ability to fund future acquisitions and development through the issuance of additional securities or secured debt. Credit ratings impact our ability to access capital and directly impact our cost of capital as well. Our 2029 Term Loan, our two senior unsecured delayed draw term loans with an aggregate principal amount of $500 million (the “2027 Term Loans”), our 2028 Term Loan, and our Revolving Facility accrue interest at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a margin that depends on the credit ratings of our senior unsecured long-term debt. We also pay a facility fee on the entire commitment under our Revolving Facility that depends upon our credit ratings. As of January 31, 2025, we had long-term credit ratings of Baa1 from Moody’s and BBB+ from S&P Global, and short-term credit ratings of P-2 from Moody’s and A-2 from S&P Global.

A downgrade in credit ratings by Moody’s or S&P Global may have a negative impact on (i) the interest rates of our Revolving Facility, 2027 Term Loans, 2028 Term Loan, and 2029 Term Loan, (ii) facility fees for our Revolving Facility, and (iii) the pricing of notes issued under our commercial paper program and senior unsecured notes. While a downgrade in our credit ratings would adversely impact our cost of borrowing, we believe we would continue to have access to the unsecured debt markets, and we could also seek to enter into one or more secured debt financings, issue additional securities, including under our ATM Program, or dispose of certain assets to fund future operating costs, capital expenditures, or acquisitions, although no assurances can be made in this regard. Refer to “Market Trends and Uncertainties” above for a more comprehensive discussion of the potential impact of economic and market conditions on our business.

Material Cash Requirements

Our material cash requirements include the below contractual and other obligations.

Debt. As of December 31, 2024, we had total debt of $8.7 billion, including notes outstanding under our commercial paper program, senior unsecured notes, term loans, and mortgage debt. Of our total debt, the total amount payable within twelve months is comprised of $800 million of senior unsecured notes and $7 million of mortgage debt. Commercial paper borrowings are backstopped by the availability under our Revolving Facility. As such, we calculate the weighted average remaining term of our commercial paper borrowings using the maturity date of our Revolving Facility. Future interest payments associated with borrowings under our senior unsecured notes, term loans, and mortgage debt total $1.5 billion, $304 million of which are payable within twelve months. Future interest payments associated with commercial paper borrowings payable within the next twelve months total $7 million, assuming no change in interest rates and borrowings remain outstanding for the next twelve months.

Development and redevelopment commitments. Our development and redevelopment commitments represent construction and other commitments for development and redevelopment projects in progress and includes certain allowances for Company-owned tenant improvements that we have provided as a lessor. As of December 31, 2024, we had $199 million of development and redevelopment commitments, all of which we expect to spend within the next twelve months.

Lease and other contractual commitments. Our lease and other contractual commitments represent our commitments, as lessor, under signed leases and contracts for operating properties and include allowances for Company-owned tenant improvements and leasing commissions. These commitments exclude allowances for Company-owned tenant improvements related to developments and redevelopments in progress for which we have executed an agreement with a general contractor to complete the tenant improvements, which are recognized as development and redevelopment commitments and are discussed further above. As of December 31, 2024, we had total lease and other contractual commitments of $85 million, $83 million of which we expect to spend within the next twelve months.

Construction loan commitments. As of December 31, 2024, we are obligated to provide additional loans up to $85 million to fund outpatient medical capital expenditure projects, which extend through 2028. As a result of the repayment of a secured loan in January 2025, this remaining commitment was reduced to $67 million. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Ground and other operating lease commitments. Our ground and other operating lease commitments represent our commitments as lessee under signed operating leases. As of December 31, 2024, we had total ground and other operating lease commitments of $834 million, $22 million of which are payable within twelve months. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Redeemable noncontrolling interests. As of December 31, 2024, we have one redeemable noncontrolling interest and the redemption value of our redeemable noncontrolling interest was $3 million. Our noncontrolling interest holder has the ability to put their equity interest to us beginning in September 2025. The put option is subject to changes in redemption value in the event that the underlying property generates specified returns for us and meets certain promote thresholds pursuant to the respective agreement. See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

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Distribution and Dividend Requirements. Our dividend policy on our common stock is to distribute a percentage of our cash flow to ensure that we meet the dividend requirements of the Code, relative to maintaining our REIT status, while still allowing us to retain cash to fund capital improvements and other investment activities. Under the Code, REITs may be subject to certain federal income and excise taxes on undistributed taxable income. We paid quarterly common stock cash dividends of $0.30 per share in 2024. In February 2025, our Board of Directors declared an increase in the quarterly common stock cash dividend, from $0.30 to $0.305 per share. Our future common stock cash dividends, if and as declared, may vary and will be determined by the Board based upon the circumstances prevailing at the time, including our financial condition.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We own interests in certain unconsolidated joint ventures as described in Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Four of these joint ventures have aggregate mortgage debt of $845 million, of which our share is $187 million. Except in limited circumstances, our risk of loss is limited to our investment in the applicable joint venture. Additionally, as of December 31, 2024, we had 15 outstanding letter of credit obligations totaling $12 million expiring in 2025 and one outstanding letter of credit obligation of $100 thousand expiring in 2026. We have no other material off-balance sheet arrangements that we expect would materially affect our liquidity and capital resources.

Inflation

A significant portion of our revenues are derived from leases that generally provide for fixed rental rates, subject to annual escalations. A period of high inflation could result in increases in the Consumer Price Index in excess of our fixed annual escalations. Certain of our leases provide that annual rent is modified based on changes in the Consumer Price Index or other thresholds.

Most of our outpatient medical leases require the tenant to pay a share of property operating costs such as real estate taxes, insurance, and utilities. Substantially all of our lab leases require the tenant or operator to pay all of the property operating costs or reimburse us for all such costs.

Labor costs, costs of construction materials, interest, utilities, and other operating costs may increase during periods of inflation. Inflationary increases in expenses will generally be offset, in whole or in part, by the tenant expense reimbursements and contractual rent increases described above.

Cash Flow Summary

The following summary discussion of our cash flows is based on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and is not meant to be an all-inclusive discussion of the changes in our cash flows for the periods presented below.

The following table sets forth changes in cash flows (in thousands):

Operating Cash Flows

Our cash flows from operations are dependent upon the occupancy levels of our buildings, rental rates on leases, our tenants’ performance on their lease obligations, the level of operating expenses, and other factors. Our net cash provided by operating activities increased $114 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of: (i) an increase in Adjusted NOI from properties acquired as part of the Merger, (ii) developments and redevelopments placed in service during 2023 and 2024, (iii) annual rent increases, and (iv) new leasing and renewal activity. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities was partially offset by: (i) an increase in merger-related costs and (ii) an increase in cash paid for interest.

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Investing Cash Flows

Our cash flows from investing activities are generally used to fund acquisitions, developments, and redevelopments of real estate, net of proceeds received from sales of real estate, and repayments on loans receivable. Our net cash used in investing activities decreased $463 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of the following: (i) an increase in proceeds from sales of real estate, (ii) a reduction in cash used for development and redevelopment of real estate, (iii) proceeds received from the Callan Ridge JV transaction, (iv) a reduction in investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, and (v) a reduction in cash used for acquisitions of real estate. The decrease in cash used in investing activities was partially offset by: (i) cash paid in connection with the Merger, (ii) a decrease in proceeds from principal repayments on loans receivable and marketable debt securities, (iii) an increase in fundings of loans receivable, and (iv) a decrease in proceeds received from insurance recoveries.

Financing Cash Flows

Our cash flows from financing activities are generally impacted by issuances and/or repurchases of equity, borrowings and repayments under our bank line of credit and commercial paper program, senior unsecured notes, term loans, and mortgage debt, net of dividends paid to common shareholders. Our net cash used in financing activities increased $604 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of the following: (i) higher net repayments under the commercial paper program, (ii) repurchases of common stock under our 2022 Share Repurchase Program, (iii) an increase in dividends paid on common stock, (iv) cash used to buy out four redeemable noncontrolling interests in April 2024, and (v) an increase in payments for deferred financing costs. The increase in cash used in financing activities was partially offset by lower repayments of mortgage debt.

Discontinued Operations

Operating, investing, and financing cash flows in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are reported inclusive of both cash flows from continuing operations and cash flows from discontinued operations. Certain significant cash flows from discontinued operations are disclosed in Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Debt

In December 2024, we amended our Revolving Facility to extend the maturity date to January 2029, which may be further extended pursuant to two six-month extension options, subject to certain customary conditions.

On March 1, 2024, concurrently with the consummation of the Merger, we assumed the following debt instruments: (i) $1.25 billion aggregate principal of senior unsecured notes, (ii) the $400 million 2028 Term Loan, and (iii) $128 million aggregate principal of mortgage debt. Additionally, on March 1, 2024, concurrently with the consummation of the Merger, we executed the $750 million 2029 Term Loan, which is an incremental facility under our existing term loan agreement.

In January 2024, we entered into forward-starting interest rate swap instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges that effectively established a fixed interest rate for the 2029 Term Loan at a blended effective interest rate of 4.66%. Additionally, on March 1, 2024, in connection with the consummation of the Merger, we acquired: (i) three interest rate swap instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges that effectively establish a fixed interest rate for the 2028 Term Loan at a blended effective interest rate of 4.44% and (ii) one interest rate swap instrument on $36 million of variable rate mortgage debt that was designated as a cash flow hedge prior to the maturity of the interest rate swap instrument in October 2024.

See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about our outstanding debt.

Approximately 97% and 90% of our consolidated debt was fixed rate debt as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. At December 31, 2024, our fixed rate debt and variable rate debt had weighted average effective interest rates of 4.04% and 5.56%, respectively. At December 31, 2023, our fixed rate debt and variable rate debt had weighted average effective interest rates of 3.70% and 5.72%, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had the following swapped to fixed rates through interest rate swap instruments: (i) the $750 million 2029 Term Loan, (ii) the $500 million 2027 Term Loans, (iii) the $400 million 2028 Term Loan, and (iv) $142 million of variable rate mortgage debt. These interest rate swap instruments are designated as cash flow hedges. For purposes of classification of the amounts above, variable rate debt with a derivative financial instrument designated as a cash flow hedge is reported as fixed rate debt due to us having effectively established a fixed interest rate for the underlying debt instrument. For a more detailed discussion of our interest rate risk, see “Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” below.

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Supplemental Guarantor Information

Healthpeak OP has issued the senior unsecured notes issued by Healthpeak prior to the consummation of the Merger as described in Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The obligations of Healthpeak OP to pay principal, premiums, if any, and interest on such senior unsecured notes are guaranteed on a full and unconditional basis by the Company, DOC DR Holdco, and DOC DR OP Sub. Additionally, DOC DR OP Sub is the issuer, as successor to the Physicians Partnership upon the Merger, of the senior unsecured notes issued by the Physicians Partnership prior to, and assumed by Healthpeak as part of, the Merger as described in Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The obligations of DOC DR OP Sub to pay principal, premiums, if any, and interest on such senior unsecured notes are guaranteed on a full and unconditional basis by the Company, Healthpeak OP, and DOC DR Holdco.

Subsidiary issuers of obligations guaranteed by the parent are not required to provide separate financial statements, provided that the parent guarantee is “full and unconditional”, the subsidiary obligor is a consolidated subsidiary of the parent company, the guaranteed security is debt or debt-like, and consolidated financial statements of the parent company have been filed. Accordingly, separate consolidated financial statements of Healthpeak OP, DOC DR Holdco, and DOC DR OP Sub have not been presented.

As permitted under Rule 13-01 of Regulation S-X, we have excluded the summarized financial information for the Company, Healthpeak OP, DOC DR Holdco, and DOC DR OP because the Company, Healthpeak OP, DOC DR Holdco, and DOC DR OP have no material assets, liabilities, or operations other than the debt financing activities described in the first paragraph of Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and their investments in non-guarantor subsidiaries, and management believes such summarized financial information would be repetitive and would not provide incremental value to investors.

Equity

At December 31, 2024, we had 699 million shares of common stock outstanding, equity totaled $9.1 billion, and our equity securities had a market value of $14.5 billion.

The Merger

Pursuant to the terms set forth in the Merger Agreement, on the Closing Date, each outstanding share of Physicians Realty Trust (other than Physicians Realty Trust common shares that were canceled in accordance with the Merger Agreement) automatically converted into the right to receive 0.674 shares of our common stock. Based on the number of outstanding Physicians Realty Trust common shares as of the Closing Date, we issued 162 million shares of our common stock. Refer to Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Merger.

At-The-Market Program

In February 2023, in connection with the Reorganization, we terminated our previous at-the-market equity offering program and established a new at-the-market equity offering program (the “ATM Program”) that allows for the sale of shares of common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $1.5 billion. The ATM Program was amended in March 2024 to contemplate the sale of the remaining shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed with the SEC on February 8, 2024. In addition to the issuance and sale of shares of our common stock, we may also enter into one or more forward sales agreements (each, an “ATM forward contract”) with sales agents for the sale of our shares of common stock under our ATM Program.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we did not issue any shares of our common stock under any ATM program.

At December 31, 2024, $1.5 billion of our common stock remained available for sale under the ATM Program. Actual future sales of our common stock will depend upon a variety of factors, including but not limited to market conditions, the trading price of our common stock, and our capital needs. We have no obligation to sell any shares under our ATM Program.

See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about our ATM Program.

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Noncontrolling Interests

Healthpeak OP. Immediately following the Reorganization, Healthpeak Properties, Inc. was the initial sole member and 100% owner of Healthpeak OP. Subsequent to the Reorganization, certain of our employees (“OP Unitholders”) have been issued noncontrolling, non-managing member units in Healthpeak OP (“OP Units”). During the three months ended March 31, 2024, OP Unitholders were issued approximately 2 million OP Units. When certain conditions are met, the OP Unitholders have the right to require redemption of part or all of their OP Units for cash or shares of our common stock, at our option as managing member of Healthpeak OP. The per unit redemption amount is equal to either one share of our common stock or cash equal to the fair value of a share of common stock at the time of redemption. We classify the OP Units in permanent equity because we may elect, in our sole discretion, to issue shares of our common stock to OP Unitholders who choose to redeem their OP Units rather than using cash. As of December 31, 2024, there were approximately 3 million OP Units outstanding, 76 thousand of which had met the criteria for redemption.

DownREITs. During the year ended December 31, 2024, in connection with the Merger, Physicians Partnership merged with and into DOC DR OP Sub with DOC DR OP Sub surviving as the Partnership Surviving Entity. As of December 31, 2024, approximately 6 million DownREIT units in the Partnership Surviving Entity were outstanding (6 million shares of Healthpeak common stock are issuable upon conversion). Refer to Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Merger.

At December 31, 2024, non-managing members held an aggregate of approximately 11 million units in eight limited liability companies for which we hold controlling interests and/or are the managing member. The DownREIT units are exchangeable for an amount of cash approximating the then-current market value of shares of our common stock or, at our option, shares of our common stock (subject to certain adjustments, such as stock splits and reclassifications). At December 31, 2024, the outstanding DownREIT units were convertible into approximately 14 million shares of our common stock.

Share Repurchase Programs

On August 1, 2022, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program under which we could acquire shares of our common stock in the open market up to an aggregate purchase price of $500 million (the “2022 Share Repurchase Program”). Purchases of common stock under the 2022 Share Repurchase Program could be exercised at our discretion with the timing and number of shares repurchased depending on a variety of factors, including price, corporate and regulatory requirements, and other corporate liquidity requirements and priorities. Through July 24, 2024, we repurchased 10.5 million shares of our common stock under the 2022 Share Repurchase Program at a weighted average price of $17.98 per share for a total of $188 million.

On July 24, 2024, our Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program (the “2024 Share Repurchase Program”) to supersede and replace the 2022 Share Repurchase Program. Upon adoption of the 2024 Share Repurchase Program, no further share repurchases may be made pursuant to the 2022 Share Repurchase Program. Under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program, we may acquire shares of our common stock in the open market or other similar purchase techniques (including in compliance with the safe harbor provisions of Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act or pursuant to one or more plans adopted under Rule 10b5-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act), up to an aggregate purchase price of $500 million. Purchases of common stock under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program may be exercised at our discretion with the timing and number of shares repurchased depending on a variety of factors, including price, corporate and regulatory requirements, and other corporate liquidity requirements and priorities. The 2024 Share Repurchase Program expires in July 2026 and may be suspended or terminated at any time without prior notice. As of December 31, 2024, no shares have been repurchased under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program. Therefore, at December 31, 2024, $500 million of the Company’s common stock remained available for repurchase under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program.

Shelf Registration

On February 8, 2024, the Company and Healthpeak OP jointly filed a prospectus with the SEC as part of a registration statement on Form S-3, using an automatic shelf registration process. This shelf registration statement expires on February 8, 2027 and at or prior to such time, we expect to file a new shelf registration statement. Under the “shelf” process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in the prospectus through one or more offerings. The securities described in the prospectus include future offerings of: (i) the Company’s common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, debt securities, and guarantees by the Company of debt securities issued by Healthpeak OP and/or by the Company’s existing and future subsidiaries, and (ii) Healthpeak OP’s debt securities and guarantees by Healthpeak OP of debt securities issued by the Company and/or by Healthpeak OP’s existing and future subsidiaries.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliations

The following is a reconciliation from net income (loss) applicable to common shares, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to Nareit FFO, FFO as Adjusted, and AFFO (in thousands):

Refer to footnotes on the next page.

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________________________________

(1)The year ended December 31, 2024 includes a gain upon change of control related to the sale of a 65% interest in two lab buildings in San Diego, California. The year ended December 31, 2022 includes a gain upon change of control related to the sale of a 30% interest to a sovereign wealth fund and deconsolidation of seven previously consolidated lab buildings in South San Francisco, California. Gains upon change of control are included in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(2)The year ended December 31, 2024 includes non-cash income tax expense related to the sale of a 65% interest in two lab buildings in San Diego, California, partially offset by income tax benefit related to the disposition of a portfolio comprised of a land parcel and various vacant buildings on certain of our CCRC campuses.

(3)The years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 include costs related to the Merger, which are primarily comprised of advisory, legal, accounting, tax, post-combination severance and stock compensation expense, and other costs of combining operations with Physicians Realty Trust that were incurred during the years then ended. These costs were partially offset by termination fee income during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 associated with Graphite Bio, Inc., which later merged with LENZ Therapeutics, Inc. in March 2024, for which the lease terms were modified to accelerate expiration of the lease to December 2024. Termination fee income is included in rental and related revenues on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, but is excluded from FFO as Adjusted.

(4)The year ended December 31, 2022 includes the following: (i) $7 million of charges incurred in connection with the downsizing of our corporate headquarters in Denver, Colorado, which are included in general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) $14 million of expenses incurred for tenant relocation and other costs associated with the demolition of an outpatient medical building, which are included in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and (iii) a $23 million gain on sale of a hospital under a DFL, which is included in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 include reserves and (recoveries) for expected loan losses recognized in impairments and loan loss reserves (recoveries), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(5)The year ended December 31, 2022 includes $32 million of severance-related charges associated with the departures of our former Chief Executive Officer and former Chief Legal Officer and General Counsel in the fourth quarter of 2022. These expenses are included in general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(6)During the year ended December 31, 2024, we incurred casualty-related charges associated with Hurricane Milton. Casualty-related charges (recoveries), net are recognized in other income (expense), net, equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures, and noncontrolling interests’ share in earnings in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(7)The year ended December 31, 2024 includes the release of a valuation allowance and recognition of a corresponding income tax benefit in connection with a merger of certain taxable REIT subsidiaries. During the year ended December 31, 2023, in conjunction with classifying the assets related to the Callan Ridge JV (see Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) as held for sale as of December 31, 2023, we concluded it was more likely than not that we would realize the future value of certain deferred tax assets generated by the net operating losses of taxable REIT subsidiaries. Accordingly, during the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized the reversal of a portion of the associated valuation allowance and recognized a corresponding income tax benefit. See Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

(8)The year ended December 31, 2023 includes a $9 million write-off of straight-line rent receivable associated with Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., which commenced voluntary reorganization proceedings under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. This activity is reflected as a reduction of rental and related revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(9)During the year ended December 31, 2024, we changed our definition of AFFO to adjust for the non-refundable entrance fees collected in excess of (less than) the related amortization as we believe the cash collection of these fees is a more meaningful representation of the performance of the CCRC reportable segment in the determination of AFFO. Diluted AFFO applicable to common shares utilizing the prior definition for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $1.10 billion, $847.4 million, and $790.3 million, respectively.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires our management to use judgment in the application of critical accounting estimates and assumptions. We base estimates on the best information available to us at the time, our experience, and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates could affect our financial position or results of operations. If our judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to various transactions or other matters had been different, it is possible that different accounting would have been applied, resulting in a different presentation of our consolidated financial statements. From time to time, we re-evaluate our estimates and assumptions. In the event estimates or assumptions prove to be different from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current estimates and assumptions about matters that are inherently uncertain. Below is a discussion of accounting estimates that we consider critical in that they may require complex judgment in their application or require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. For a more detailed discussion of our significant accounting policies, including those related to critical accounting estimates further discussed below, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Business Combinations

For a real estate acquisition accounted for as a business combination, we allocate the acquisition consideration (excluding acquisition costs) to the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and noncontrolling interests at fair value as of the acquisition date. Any excess of the consideration transferred relative to the fair value of the net assets acquired is accounted for as goodwill. Acquisition costs related to business combinations are expensed as incurred.

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We make estimates as part of our process for allocating acquisition consideration to the various identifiable assets, liabilities, and noncontrolling interests based upon the relative fair value of each asset, liability, or noncontrolling interest. These fair values are determined using standard valuation methodologies, such as the cost, market, and income approach. These methodologies require various assumptions, including those of a market participant. We utilize available market information in our assessment, such as capitalization and discount rates and comparable sale transactions. The most significant components of our allocations are typically buildings as-if-vacant, land, and lease intangibles. In the case of allocating fair value to buildings and intangibles, our fair value estimates will affect the amount of depreciation and amortization we record over the estimated useful life of each asset acquired. In the case of allocating fair value to in-place leases, we make our best estimates based on our evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease. Factors considered include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods, market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. Our assumptions affect the amount of future revenue and/or depreciation and amortization expense that we will recognize over the remaining useful life for the acquired in-place leases.

Our fair value estimates for loans receivable and debt consider market-based information, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active (markets with few transactions), inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (i.e., interest rates, yield curves, etc.) and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs). Our fair value estimates for joint ventures consider ownership interests, subordination characteristics, redemption values, discounts for lack of control (as applicable), and hypothetical liquidation waterfalls.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We assess the carrying value of our real estate assets and related intangibles (“real estate assets”) when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Recoverability of real estate assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the real estate assets to the respective estimated future undiscounted cash flows. The expected future undiscounted cash flows reflect external market factors, and based on the specific facts and circumstances, may be probability-weighted to reflect multiple possible cash-flow scenarios, including selling the assets at various points in the future. Additionally, the estimated future undiscounted cash flows are calculated utilizing the lowest level of identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. In order to review our real estate assets for recoverability, we make assumptions regarding external market conditions (including capitalization rates and growth rates), forecasted cash flows and sales prices, and our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the asset. If our analysis indicates that the carrying value of the real estate assets is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the real estate assets.

Determining the fair value of real estate assets, including assets classified as held for sale, involves significant judgment and generally utilizes market capitalization rates, comparable market transactions, estimated per unit or per square foot prices, negotiations with prospective buyers, and forecasted cash flows (primarily lease revenue rates, expense rates, and growth rates). Our ability to accurately predict future operating results and resulting cash flows, and estimate fair values, impacts the timing and recognition of impairments. While we believe our assumptions are reasonable, changes in these assumptions may have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the impact of new accounting standards.

ITEM 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The information set forth in this Item 7 is intended to provide readers with an understanding of our financial condition, changes in financial condition, and results of operations. This section generally discusses the results of our operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. For a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, please refer to Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on February 8, 2023.

We will discuss and provide our analysis in the following order:

•Market Trends and Uncertainties

•Company Highlights

•Dividends

•Results of Operations

•Liquidity and Capital Resources

•Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliations

•Critical Accounting Estimates

•Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Market Trends and Uncertainties

Our operating results have been and will continue to be impacted by global and national economic and market conditions generally and by the local economic conditions where our properties are located.

Rising interest rates, high inflation, supply chain disruptions, ongoing geopolitical tensions, and increased volatility in public and private equity and fixed income markets have led to increased costs and limited the availability of capital. In addition, increased interest rates have negatively affected our borrowing costs, the fair value of our fixed rate instruments. and real estate values generally, including our real estate.

Our tenants and operators have also experienced increased costs, liquidity constraints, and financing difficulties due to the foregoing macroeconomic and market conditions, which could cause them to be unable or unwilling to make payments or perform their obligations when due.

We have also been affected by significant inflation in construction costs over the past few years, which, together with rising costs of capital, have negatively affected the expected yields on our development and redevelopment projects.

We continuously monitor the effects of domestic and global events, including but not limited to inflation, labor shortages, supply chain matters, rising interest rates, and challenges in the financial markets, on our operations and financial position, as well as on the operations and financial position of our tenants, operators, and borrowers, to ensure that we remain responsive and adaptable to the dynamic changes in our operating environment.

See “Item 1A, Risk Factors” in this report for additional discussion of the risks posed by macroeconomic conditions, as well as the uncertainties we and our tenants, operators, and borrowers may face as a result.

Company Highlights

As of February 10, 2023, we are structured as an UPREIT. This structure provides prospective sellers an alternative for disposing of property that has appreciated in value in a tax-deferred manner to Healthpeak OP and aligns our corporate structure with other publicly traded U.S. real estate investment trusts. Following the Reorganization, Healthpeak OP is the borrower under, and we are the guarantor of, all of the unsecured debt, which includes the Revolving Facility, Term Loan Facilities (each as defined below), commercial paper program, and senior unsecured notes. Our guarantee of the senior unsecured notes is full and unconditional and applicable to existing and future senior unsecured notes. The Reorganization did not have a material impact on our financial position, consolidated financial statements, outstanding debt securities, material debt facilities, or business operations.

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On October 29, 2023, we entered into a Merger Agreement with Physicians Realty Trust, the Physicians Partnership, and certain of our subsidiaries, pursuant to which, among other things, and through a series of transactions (the “Mergers”), (i) each outstanding common share of Physicians Realty Trust (other than Physicians Realty Trust common shares to be canceled in accordance with the Merger Agreement) will be converted into the right to receive 0.674 (the “Exchange Ratio”) shares of our common stock, and (ii) each outstanding common unit of the Physicians Partnership will be converted into common units in the successor entity to the Physicians Partnership equal to the Exchange Ratio. In connection with the Mergers, we filed a Registration Statement on Form S-4 with the SEC on December 15, 2023, as amended on January 9, 2024, and a definitive joint proxy statement/prospectus for the Company and Physicians Realty Trust on January 11, 2024 in connection with our respective special meetings of stockholders and shareholders, as applicable, which will be held on February 21, 2024. We expect the Mergers to close on March 1, 2024. Following the transactions contemplated in the Merger Agreement, the successor entities to Physicians Realty Trust and the Physicians Partnership will be direct and indirect subsidiaries of Healthpeak OP, respectively. Consummation of the Mergers are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of customary closing conditions, including the approval of our stockholders and the shareholders of Physicians Realty Trust.

Real Estate Transactions

•In January 2023, we sold two lab buildings in Durham, North Carolina for $113 million.

•In January 2023, we acquired a lab land parcel in Cambridge, Massachusetts for $9 million.

•In March 2023, we sold two outpatient medical buildings for $32 million.

•In April 2023, we acquired the remaining 80% interest in one of the outpatient medical buildings in the Ventures IV unconsolidated joint venture for $4 million.

•In January 2024, we sold a 65% interest in two lab buildings in San Diego, California to a third-party for net proceeds of $128 million.

Development and Redevelopment Activities

•During the year ended December 31, 2023, the following projects were placed in service: (i) portions of two lab development projects with aggregate costs of $233 million, (ii) one lab development project with total costs of $171 million, (iii) a portion of one lab redevelopment project with total costs of $43 million, (iv) four outpatient medical redevelopment projects with aggregate costs of $42 million, (v) a portion of one lab redevelopment building held in one of our unconsolidated South San Francisco JVs of which our share of total project costs was $32 million, (vi) one lab redevelopment building held in one of our unconsolidated South San Francisco JVs of which our share of total project costs was $15 million, (vii) one lab redevelopment project with total costs of $14 million, and (viii) one CCRC redevelopment project with total costs of $7 million.

Financing Activities

•In January 2023, we completed a public offering of $400 million aggregate principal amount of 5.25% senior unsecured notes due 2032.

•In May 2023, we completed a public offering of $350 million aggregate principal amount of 5.25% senior unsecured notes due 2032, which constituted an additional issuance of, and are treated as a single series with, the $400 million of senior unsecured notes due 2032 issued in January 2023.

•In December 2023, a mortgage loan secured by one CCRC with a principal balance of $85 million matured and was repaid.

•We have secured commitments for a $750 million five-year unsecured term loan (the “2024 Term Loan”), to be incurred as an incremental facility under our existing term loan agreement. In January 2024, we entered into forward-starting interest rate swap instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges that will effectively establish a fixed interest rate for the 2024 Term Loan at a blended contractual rate of 4.5%.

Other Activities

•In February 2023, we received a partial principal repayment of $102 million on one secured loan.

•In February 2023, we received full repayment of the outstanding balance of one $35 million secured loan.

•In April 2023, we received full repayment of the outstanding balance of one $14 million secured loan.

•In May 2023, we received full repayment of two outstanding secured loans with an aggregate balance of $12 million.

•In October 2023, we received full repayment of the outstanding balance of one $21 million secured loan.

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Dividends

Quarterly cash dividends paid during 2023 aggregated to $1.20 per share. On January 31, 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per common share. The dividend will be paid on February 26, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on February 14, 2024.

Results of Operations

We evaluate our business and allocate resources among our reportable business segments: (i) lab, (ii) outpatient medical, and (iii) CCRC. Under the lab and outpatient medical segments, we invest through the acquisition, development, and management of lab buildings, outpatient medical buildings, and hospitals. Our CCRCs are operated through RIDEA structures. We have other non-reportable segments that are comprised primarily of: (i) an interest in our unconsolidated SWF SH JV and (ii) loans receivable. These non-reportable segments have been presented on an aggregate basis herein. We evaluate performance based upon property adjusted net operating income (“Adjusted NOI” or “Cash NOI”) in each segment. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Net Operating Income

NOI and Adjusted NOI are non-U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) supplemental financial measures used to evaluate the operating performance of real estate. NOI is defined as real estate revenues (inclusive of rental and related revenues, resident fees and services, income from direct financing leases, and government grant income and exclusive of interest income), less property level operating expenses; NOI excludes all other financial statement amounts included in net income (loss) as presented in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Adjusted NOI is calculated as NOI after eliminating the effects of straight-line rents, DFL non-cash interest, amortization of market lease intangibles, termination fees, actuarial reserves for insurance claims that have been incurred but not reported, and the impact of deferred community fee income and expense. NOI and Adjusted NOI are calculated as NOI and Adjusted NOI from consolidated properties, plus our share of NOI and Adjusted NOI from unconsolidated joint ventures (calculated by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period), less noncontrolling interests’ share of NOI and Adjusted NOI from consolidated joint ventures (calculated by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period). Management utilizes its share of NOI and Adjusted NOI in assessing its performance as we have various joint ventures that contribute to its performance. We do not control our unconsolidated joint ventures, and our share of amounts from unconsolidated joint ventures do not represent our legal claim to such items. Our share of NOI and Adjusted NOI should not be considered a substitute for, and should only be considered together with and as a supplement to, our financial information presented in accordance with GAAP.

Adjusted NOI is oftentimes referred to as “Cash NOI.” Management believes NOI and Adjusted NOI are important supplemental measures because they provide relevant and useful information by reflecting only income and operating expense items that are incurred at the property level and present them on an unlevered basis. We use NOI and Adjusted NOI to make decisions about resource allocations, to assess and compare property level performance, and to evaluate our Same-Store (“SS”) performance, as described below. We believe that net income (loss) is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to NOI and Adjusted NOI. NOI and Adjusted NOI should not be viewed as alternative measures of operating performance to net income (loss) as defined by GAAP since they do not reflect various excluded items. Further, our definitions of NOI and Adjusted NOI may not be comparable to the definitions used by other REITs or real estate companies, as they may use different methodologies for calculating NOI and Adjusted NOI. For a reconciliation of NOI and Adjusted NOI to net income (loss) by segment, refer to Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Operating expenses generally relate to leased outpatient medical and lab buildings, as well as CCRC facilities. We generally recover all or a portion of our leased outpatient medical and lab property expenses through tenant recoveries. We present expenses as operating or general and administrative based on the underlying nature of the expense.

Same-Store

Same-Store NOI and Adjusted (Cash) NOI information allows us to evaluate the performance of our property portfolio under a consistent population by eliminating changes in the composition of our portfolio of properties, excluding properties within the other non-reportable segments. We include properties from our consolidated portfolio, as well as properties owned by our unconsolidated joint ventures in Same-Store NOI and Adjusted NOI (see NOI definition above for further discussion regarding our use of pro-rata share information and its limitations). Same-Store NOI and Adjusted NOI exclude government grant income under the CARES Act. Same-Store Adjusted NOI also excludes amortization of deferred revenue from tenant-funded improvements and certain non-property specific operating expenses that are allocated to each operating segment on a consolidated basis.

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Properties are included in Same-Store once they are stabilized for the full period in both comparison periods. Newly acquired operating assets are generally considered stabilized at the earlier of lease-up (typically when the tenant(s) control(s) the physical use of at least 80% of the space and rental payments have commenced) or 12 months from the acquisition date. Newly completed developments and redevelopments are considered stabilized at the earlier of lease-up or 24 months from the date the property is placed in service. Properties that experience a change in reporting structure are considered stabilized after 12 months in operations under a consistent reporting structure. A property is removed from Same-Store when it is classified as held for sale, sold, placed into redevelopment, experiences a casualty event that significantly impacts operations, a change in reporting structure or operator transition has been agreed to, or a significant tenant relocates from a Same-Store property to a non Same-Store property and that change results in a corresponding increase in revenue. We do not report Same-Store metrics for our other non-reportable segments. For a reconciliation of Same-Store to total portfolio Adjusted NOI and other relevant disclosures by segment, refer to our Segment Analysis below.

Funds From Operations (“FFO”)

FFO encompasses Nareit FFO and FFO as Adjusted, each of which is described in detail below. We believe FFO applicable to common shares, diluted FFO applicable to common shares, and diluted FFO per common share are important supplemental non-GAAP measures of operating performance for a REIT. Because the historical cost accounting convention used for real estate assets utilizes straight-line depreciation (except on land), such accounting presentation implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen and fallen with market conditions, presentations of operating results for a REIT that use historical cost accounting for depreciation could be less informative. The term FFO was designed by the REIT industry to address this issue.

Nareit FFO. FFO, as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”), is net income (loss) applicable to common shares (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains or losses from sales of depreciable property, including any current and deferred taxes directly associated with sales of depreciable property, impairments of, or related to, depreciable real estate, plus real estate and other real estate-related depreciation and amortization, and adjustments to compute our share of Nareit FFO and FFO as Adjusted (see below) from joint ventures. Adjustments for joint ventures are calculated to reflect our pro rata share of both our consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures. We reflect our share of Nareit FFO for unconsolidated joint ventures by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period to the applicable reconciling items on an entity by entity basis. For consolidated joint ventures in which we do not own 100%, we reflect our share of the equity by adjusting our Nareit FFO to remove the third party ownership share of the applicable reconciling items based on actual ownership percentage for the applicable periods. Our pro rata share information is prepared on a basis consistent with the comparable consolidated amounts, is intended to reflect our proportionate economic interest in the operating results of properties in our portfolio and is calculated by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period. We do not control the unconsolidated joint ventures, and the pro rata presentations of reconciling items included in Nareit FFO do not represent our legal claim to such items. The joint venture members or partners are entitled to profit or loss allocations and distributions of cash flows according to the joint venture agreements, which provide for such allocations generally according to their invested capital.

The presentation of pro rata information has limitations, which include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) the amounts shown on the individual line items were derived by applying our overall economic ownership interest percentage determined when applying the equity method of accounting and do not necessarily represent our legal claim to the assets and liabilities, or the revenues and expenses and (ii) other companies in our industry may calculate their pro rata interest differently, limiting the usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these limitations, the pro rata financial information should not be considered independently or as a substitute for our financial statements as reported under GAAP. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP financial statements, using the pro rata financial information as a supplement.

Nareit FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP, is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash needs and should not be considered an alternative to net income (loss). We compute Nareit FFO in accordance with the current Nareit definition; however, other REITs may report Nareit FFO differently or have a different interpretation of the current Nareit definition from ours.

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FFO as Adjusted. In addition, we present Nareit FFO on an adjusted basis before the impact of non-comparable items including, but not limited to, transaction and merger-related items, other impairments (recoveries) and other losses (gains), restructuring and severance-related charges, prepayment costs (benefits) associated with early retirement or payment of debt, litigation costs (recoveries), casualty-related charges (recoveries), deferred tax asset valuation allowances, and changes in tax legislation (“FFO as Adjusted”). These adjustments are net of tax, when applicable. Transaction and merger-related items include transaction expenses and gains/charges incurred as a result of mergers and acquisitions and lease amendment or termination activities. Prepayment costs (benefits) associated with early retirement of debt include the write-off of unamortized deferred financing fees, or additional costs, expenses, discounts, make-whole payments, penalties or premiums incurred as a result of early retirement or payment of debt. Other impairments (recoveries) and other losses (gains) include interest income associated with early and partial repayments of loans receivable and other losses or gains associated with non-depreciable assets including goodwill, DFLs, undeveloped land parcels, and loans receivable. Management believes that FFO as Adjusted provides a meaningful supplemental measurement of our FFO run-rate and is frequently used by analysts, investors, and other interested parties in the evaluation of our performance as a REIT. At the same time that Nareit created and defined its FFO measure for the REIT industry, it also recognized that “management of each of its member companies has the responsibility and authority to publish financial information that it regards as useful to the financial community.” We believe stockholders, potential investors, and financial analysts who review our operating performance are best served by an FFO run-rate earnings measure that includes certain other adjustments to net income (loss), in addition to adjustments made to arrive at the Nareit defined measure of FFO. FFO as Adjusted is used by management in analyzing our business and the performance of our properties and we believe it is important that stockholders, potential investors, and financial analysts understand this measure used by management. We use FFO as Adjusted to: (i) evaluate our performance in comparison with expected results and results of previous periods, relative to resource allocation decisions, (ii) evaluate the performance of our management, (iii) budget and forecast future results to assist in the allocation of resources, (iv) assess our performance as compared with similar real estate companies and the industry in general, and (v) evaluate how a specific potential investment will impact our future results. Other REITs or real estate companies may use different methodologies for calculating an adjusted FFO measure, and accordingly, our FFO as Adjusted may not be comparable to those reported by other REITs. For a reconciliation of net income (loss) to Nareit FFO and FFO as Adjusted and other relevant disclosure, refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliations” below.

Adjusted FFO (“AFFO”). AFFO is defined as FFO as Adjusted after excluding the impact of the following: (i) stock-based compensation amortization expense, (ii) amortization of deferred financing costs, net, (iii) straight-line rents, (iv) deferred income taxes, (v) amortization of above (below) market lease intangibles, net, and (vi) other AFFO adjustments, which include: (a) non-cash interest related to DFLs and lease incentive amortization (reduction of straight-line rents), (b) actuarial reserves for insurance claims that have been incurred but not reported, and (c) amortization of deferred revenues, excluding amounts amortized into rental income that are associated with tenant funded improvements owned/recognized by us and up-front cash payments made by tenants to reduce their contractual rents. Also, AFFO is computed after deducting recurring capital expenditures, including second generation leasing costs and second generation tenant and capital improvements, and includes adjustments to compute our share of AFFO from our unconsolidated joint ventures. More specifically, recurring capital expenditures, including second generation leasing costs and second generation tenant and capital improvements (“AFFO capital expenditures”) excludes our share from unconsolidated joint ventures (reported in “other AFFO adjustments”). Adjustments for joint ventures are calculated to reflect our pro rata share of both our consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures. We reflect our share of AFFO for unconsolidated joint ventures by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period to the applicable reconciling items on an entity by entity basis. We reflect our share for consolidated joint ventures in which we do not own 100% of the equity by adjusting our AFFO to remove the third party ownership share of the applicable reconciling items based on actual ownership percentage for the applicable periods (reported in “other AFFO adjustments”). See FFO for further disclosure regarding our use of pro rata share information and its limitations. We believe AFFO is an alternative run-rate earnings measure that improves the understanding of our operating results among investors and makes comparisons with: (i) expected results, (ii) results of previous periods, and (iii) results among REITs more meaningful. AFFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP and is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash needs as it excludes the following items which generally flow through our cash flows from operating activities: (i) adjustments for changes in working capital or the actual timing of the payment of income or expense items that are accrued in the period, (ii) transaction-related costs, (iii) litigation settlement expenses, and (iv) restructuring and severance-related charges. Furthermore, AFFO is adjusted for recurring capital expenditures, which are generally not considered when determining cash flows from operations or liquidity. Other REITs or real estate companies may use different methodologies for calculating AFFO, and accordingly, our AFFO may not be comparable to those reported by other REITs. Management believes AFFO provides a meaningful supplemental measure of our performance and is frequently used by analysts, investors, and other interested parties in the evaluation of our performance as a REIT, and by presenting AFFO, we are assisting these parties in their evaluation. AFFO is a non-GAAP supplemental financial measure and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) determined in accordance with GAAP and should only be considered together with and as a supplement to our financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. For a reconciliation of net income (loss) to AFFO and other relevant disclosures, refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliations” below.

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Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2023 to the Year Ended December 31, 2022

Overview

2023 and 2022(1)

The following table summarizes results for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

_______________________________________

(1)For the reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliations” below.

Net income (loss) applicable to common shares decreased primarily as a result of the following:

•a gain upon change of control related to the sale of a 30% interest and deconsolidation of seven previously consolidated lab buildings in South San Francisco, California during the third quarter of 2022;

•an increase in depreciation, primarily as a result of development and redevelopment projects placed in service during 2022 and 2023;

•an increase in interest expense, primarily as a result of: (i) senior unsecured notes issued during the first half of 2023, (ii) borrowings under the Term Loan Facilities, which were drawn during the fourth quarter of 2022, and (iii) higher interest rates on the commercial paper program, partially offset by lower borrowings on the commercial paper program;

•a gain on sale associated with the disposition of a hospital under a DFL during the first quarter of 2022;

•an increase in transaction and merger-related costs, primarily as a result of costs related to the Mergers, which are primarily comprised of legal, accounting, tax, and other costs that were incurred during the fourth quarter of 2023; and

•a decrease in government grant income received under the CARES Act in 2023.

The decrease in net income (loss) applicable to common shares was partially offset by:

•an increase in NOI generated from our lab and outpatient medical segments related to: (i) development and redevelopment projects placed in service during 2022 and 2023, (ii) new leasing activity during 2022 and 2023 (including the impact to straight-line rents), and (iii) 2022 acquisitions of real estate;

•an increase in gains on sale of depreciable real estate related to lab and outpatient medical building sales during 2023 as compared to 2022;

•a decrease in general and administrative expenses, primarily as a result of: (i) severance-related charges associated with the departures of our former Chief Executive Officer and our former Chief Legal Officer and General Counsel in the fourth quarter of 2022 and (ii) charges incurred in connection with the downsizing of our corporate headquarters in Denver, Colorado in the fourth quarter of 2022;

•a decrease in depreciation related to the deconsolidation of seven previously consolidated lab buildings in South San Francisco, California during the third quarter of 2022;

•a decrease in other expenses for tenant relocation and other costs associated with the demolition of an outpatient medical building, which were incurred in the first quarter of 2022;

•an increase in income tax benefit primarily as a result of a $14 million tax benefit recognized in connection with the reversal of a deferred tax asset valuation allowance during the fourth quarter of 2023;

•a decrease in loan loss reserves primarily as a result of principal repayments on seller financing;

•an increase in equity income from unconsolidated joint ventures; and

•a decrease in casualty-related charges from a hurricane during the third quarter of 2022.

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Nareit FFO increased primarily as a result of the aforementioned events impacting net income (loss) applicable to common shares, except for the following, which are excluded from Nareit FFO:

•gain upon change of control;

•gain on sales of depreciable real estate; and

•depreciation and amortization expense.

FFO as Adjusted increased primarily as a result of the aforementioned events impacting Nareit FFO, except for the following, which are excluded from FFO as Adjusted:

•severance-related charges;

•gain on sale of a hospital under a DFL;

•reversal of a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets;

•expenses for tenant relocation and other costs associated with the demolition of an outpatient medical building;

•loan loss reserves;

•transaction and merger-related costs;

•casualty-related charges; and

•the charges incurred in connection with the downsizing of our corporate headquarters in Denver, Colorado.

AFFO increased primarily as a result of the aforementioned events impacting FFO as Adjusted, except for the impact of straight-line rents, which is excluded from AFFO and higher AFFO capital expenditures during the period.

Segment Analysis

The following tables provide selected operating information for our Same-Store and total property portfolio for each of our reportable segments. For the year ended December 31, 2023, our Same-Store consists of 403 properties representing properties acquired or placed in service and stabilized on or prior to January 1, 2022 and that remained in operations through December 31, 2023. Our total property portfolio consisted of 477 and 480 properties at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Included in our total property portfolio at each of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are 19 senior housing assets in our SWF SH JV.

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Lab

The following table summarizes results at and for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (dollars and square feet in thousands, except per square foot data):

_______________________________________

(1)Total Portfolio includes results of operations from disposed properties through the disposition date.

(2)Represents adjustments to NOI in accordance with our definition of Adjusted NOI. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definitions of NOI and Adjusted NOI. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of Adjusted NOI by segment to net income (loss).

(3)From our 2022 presentation of Same-Store, we added: (i) five stabilized acquisitions, (ii) three stabilized buildings that previously experienced a significant tenant relocation, (iii) two stabilized redevelopments placed in service, and (iv) one stabilized development placed in service, and we removed: (i) six buildings that were placed into redevelopment, (ii) one asset that was placed into land held for development, and (iii) one building that experienced a significant tenant relocation.

(4)Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definition of Same-Store. Total Portfolio occupancy excludes any of the following: (i) developments, (ii) significant redevelopments, (iii) newly completed properties under lease-up, and (iv) properties held for sale.

(5)Average annual total revenues does not include non-cash revenue adjustments (i.e., straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, and deferred revenues).

(6)Base rent does not include tenant recoveries, additional rents in excess of floors, and non-cash revenue adjustments (i.e., straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, and deferred revenues).

Same-Store Adjusted NOI increased primarily as a result of the following:

•annual rent escalations; and

•new leasing activity; partially offset by

•lower occupancy; and

•higher operating expenses.

Total Portfolio Adjusted NOI increased primarily as a result of the aforementioned impacts to Same-Store and the following Non-Same-Store impacts:

•increased NOI from developments and redevelopments placed in service in 2022 and 2023; partially offset by

•decreased NOI from our 2022 and 2023 dispositions.

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Outpatient Medical

The following table summarizes results at and for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (dollars and square feet in thousands, except per square foot data):

_______________________________________

(1)Total Portfolio includes results of operations from disposed properties through the disposition date.

(2)Represents adjustments to NOI in accordance with our definition of Adjusted NOI. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definitions of NOI and Adjusted NOI. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of Adjusted NOI by segment to net income (loss).

(3)From our 2022 presentation of Same-Store, we added: (i) 25 stabilized acquisitions and (ii) 2 stabilized developments placed in service, and we removed: (i) 2 assets that were sold and (ii) 1 asset that was classified as held for sale.

(4)Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definition of Same-Store. Total Portfolio occupancy excludes any of the following: (i) developments, (ii) significant redevelopments, (iii) newly completed properties under lease-up, and (iv) properties held for sale.

(5)Average annual total revenues does not include non-cash revenue adjustments (i.e., straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, DFL non-cash interest, and deferred revenues).

(6)Base rent does not include tenant recoveries, additional rents in excess of floors, and non-cash revenue adjustments (i.e., straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, DFL non-cash interest, and deferred revenues).

Same-Store Adjusted NOI increased primarily as a result of the following:

•mark-to-market lease renewals; and

•annual rent escalations; partially offset by

•higher operating expenses.

Total Portfolio Adjusted NOI increased primarily as a result of the aforementioned increases to Same-Store and the following Non-Same-Store impacts:

•increased NOI from our 2022 acquisitions;

•business interruption proceeds related to a demolished asset; and

•increased occupancy in former redevelopment and development properties that have been placed in service; partially offset by

•decreased NOI from our 2022 and 2023 dispositions.

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Continuing Care Retirement Community

The following table summarizes results at and for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (dollars in thousands, except per unit data):

_______________________________________

(1)Represents government grant income received under the CARES Act, which is recorded in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(2)Represents adjustments to NOI in accordance with our definition of Adjusted NOI. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definitions of NOI and Adjusted NOI. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of Adjusted NOI by segment to net income (loss).

(3)From our 2022 presentation of Same-Store, no properties were added or removed.

(4)Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definition of Same-Store. Total Portfolio occupancy excludes any of the following: (i) developments, (ii) significant redevelopments, (iii) newly completed properties under lease-up, and (iv) properties held for sale.

(5)Represents average occupied units as reported by the operators for the twelve-month period.

Same-Store Adjusted NOI increased primarily as a result of the following:

•increased rates for resident fees; and

•higher occupancy; partially offset by

•higher costs of labor, management fees, insurance, real estate taxes, utilities, and food; and

•lower business interruption insurance proceeds.

Total Portfolio Adjusted NOI increased primarily as a result of the aforementioned increases to Same-Store, partially offset by decreased government grant income received under the CARES Act.

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Other Income and Expense Items

The following table summarizes the results of our other income and expense items for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

Interest income

Interest income decreased for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of principal repayments on loans receivable in 2022 and 2023, partially offset by higher interest rates.

Interest expense

Interest expense increased for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of: (i) senior unsecured notes issued during the first half of 2023, (ii) borrowings under the Term Loan Facilities, which were drawn during the fourth quarter of 2022, and (iii) higher interest rates on the commercial paper program, partially offset by lower borrowings on the commercial paper program.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of development and redevelopment projects placed in service during 2022 and 2023, partially offset by: (i) assets placed into redevelopment in 2023, (ii) dispositions of real estate in 2022 and 2023, and (iii) lower depreciation related to the deconsolidation of seven previously consolidated lab buildings in South San Francisco, California during the third quarter of 2022.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses decreased for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of: (i) severance-related charges associated with the departures of our former Chief Executive Officer and our former Chief Legal Officer and General Counsel in the fourth quarter of 2022 and (ii) charges incurred in connection with the downsizing of our corporate headquarters in Denver, Colorado in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Transaction and merger-related costs

Transaction and merger-related costs increased for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of costs related to the Mergers, which are primarily comprised of legal, accounting, tax, and other costs that were incurred during the fourth quarter of 2023 (see Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

Impairments and loan loss reserves (recoveries), net

Impairments and loan loss reserves (recoveries), net decreased for the year ended December 31, 2023 as a result of a decrease in loan loss reserves under the current expected credit losses model. The change in loan loss reserves for the year ended December 31, 2023 is primarily a result of: (i) principal repayments on seller financing, (ii) increased interest rates on variable rate loans, and (iii) macroeconomic conditions.

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Gain (loss) on sales of real estate, net

Gain on sales of real estate, net increased during the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of: (i) the $60 million gain on sales of two lab buildings in Durham, North Carolina, which were sold during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and (ii) the $21 million gain on sales of two outpatient medical buildings, which were sold during the three months ended March 31, 2023, partially offset by: (i) the $4 million gain on sale of one lab building, which was sold during the three months ended March 31, 2022, (ii) the $10 million gain on sales of three outpatient medical buildings and one outpatient medical land parcel, which were sold during the three months ended June 30, 2022, and (iii) the $1 million gain on sales of two outpatient medical buildings, which were sold during the three months ended September 30, 2022. Refer to Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding dispositions of real estate and the associated gain (loss) on sales recognized.

Other income (expense), net

Other income, net decreased for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of: (i) a gain upon change of control related to the sale of a 30% interest and deconsolidation of seven previously consolidated lab buildings in South San Francisco, California during the third quarter of 2022, (ii) a gain on sale associated with the disposition of a hospital under a DFL during the first quarter of 2022, and (iii) a decrease in government grant income received under the CARES Act in 2023. The decrease in other income, net during the year ended December 31, 2023 was partially offset by: (i) other expenses for tenant relocation and other costs associated with the demolition of an outpatient medical building, which were incurred in the first quarter of 2022 and (ii) casualty losses from a hurricane in the third quarter of 2022.

Income tax benefit (expense)

Income tax benefit increased for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of a $14 million tax benefit recognized in connection with the reversal of a deferred tax asset valuation allowance during the fourth quarter of 2023 (see Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), partially offset by an increase in operating income associated with our CCRCs.

Equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures

Equity income from unconsolidated joint ventures increased for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of increased income from the South San Francisco JVs and the SWF SH JV.

Income (loss) from discontinued operations

Income from discontinued operations decreased for the year ended December 31, 2023 a result of the completion of dispositions of our senior housing portfolios.

Noncontrolling interests’ share in continuing operations

Noncontrolling interests’ share in continuing operations increased for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of a gain on sale of an outpatient medical building in a consolidated joint venture that was sold during the second quarter of 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We anticipate that our cash flow from operations, available cash balances, and cash from our various financing activities will be adequate for the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future for purposes of: (i) costs incurred to consummate the Mergers and the other transactions contemplated in the Merger Agreement; (ii) funding recurring operating expenses; (iii) meeting debt service requirements; and (iv) satisfying funding of distributions to our stockholders and non-controlling interest members. Distributions are made using a combination of cash flows from operations, funds available under our bank line of credit (the “Revolving Facility”) and commercial paper program, proceeds from the sale of properties, and other sources of cash available to us.

In addition to funding the activities above, our principal liquidity needs for the next 12 months are to:

•fund capital expenditures, including tenant improvements and leasing costs; and

•fund future acquisition, transactional, and development and redevelopment activities.

Our longer term liquidity needs include the items listed above as well as meeting debt service requirements.

We anticipate satisfying these future needs using one or more of the following:

•cash flow from operations;

•sale of, or exchange of ownership interests in, properties or other investments;

•borrowings under our Revolving Facility and commercial paper program;

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•issuance of additional debt, including unsecured notes, term loans, and mortgage debt; and/or

•issuance of common or preferred stock or its equivalent, including sales of common stock under the ATM Program (as defined below).

Our ability to access the capital markets impacts our cost of capital and ability to refinance maturing indebtedness, as well as our ability to fund future acquisitions and development through the issuance of additional securities or secured debt. Credit ratings impact our ability to access capital and directly impact our cost of capital as well. Our two senior unsecured delayed draw term loans with an aggregate principal amount of $500 million (the “Term Loan Facilities”) and our Revolving Facility accrue interest at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a margin that depends on the credit ratings of our senior unsecured long-term debt. We also pay a facility fee on the entire commitment under our Revolving Facility that depends upon our credit ratings. As of February 7, 2024, we had long-term credit ratings of Baa1 from Moody’s and BBB+ from S&P Global, and short-term credit ratings of P-2 from Moody’s and A-2 from S&P Global.

A downgrade in credit ratings by Moody’s or S&P Global may have a negative impact on the interest rates of our Revolving Facility and Term Loan Facilities and facility fees for our Revolving Facility, and may negatively impact the pricing of notes issued under our commercial paper program and senior unsecured notes. While a downgrade in our credit ratings would adversely impact our cost of borrowing, we believe we would continue to have access to the unsecured debt markets, and we could also seek to enter into one or more secured debt financings, issue additional securities, including under our ATM Program, or dispose of certain assets to fund future operating costs, capital expenditures, or acquisitions, although no assurances can be made in this regard. Refer to “Market Trends and Uncertainties” above for a more comprehensive discussion of the potential impact of economic and market conditions on our business.

Material Cash Requirements

Our material cash requirements include the below contractual and other obligations.

Debt. As of December 31, 2023, we had total debt of $6.9 billion, including borrowings under our Revolving Facility and commercial paper program, senior unsecured notes, term loans, and mortgage debt. Of our total debt, the total amount payable within twelve months is comprised of $7 million of mortgage debt. Future interest payments associated with borrowings under our Revolving Facility, senior unsecured notes, term loans, and mortgage debt total $1.4 billion, $220 million of which are payable within twelve months. Future interest payments associated with commercial paper borrowings payable within the next twelve months total $21 million, assuming no change in interest rates and borrowings remain outstanding for the next twelve months. Commercial paper borrowings are backstopped by our Revolving Facility. As such, we calculate the weighted average remaining term of our commercial paper borrowings using the maturity date of our Revolving Facility. Additionally, we have secured commitments for the 2024 Term Loan, to be incurred as an incremental facility under our existing term loan agreement. In January 2024, we entered into forward-starting interest rate swap instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges that will effectively establish a fixed interest rate for the 2024 Term Loan at a blended contractual rate of 4.5%. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about our debt commitments.

Development and redevelopment commitments. Our development and redevelopment commitments represent construction and other commitments for development and redevelopment projects in progress and includes certain allowances for Company-owned tenant improvements that we have provided as a lessor. As of December 31, 2023, we had $152 million of development and redevelopment commitments, $135 million of which we expect to spend within the next twelve months.

Lease and other contractual commitments. Our lease and other contractual commitments represent our commitments, as lessor, under signed leases and contracts for operating properties and include allowances for Company-owned tenant improvements and leasing commissions. These commitments exclude allowances for Company-owned tenant improvements related to developments and redevelopments in progress for which we have executed an agreement with a general contractor to complete the tenant improvements, which are recognized as development and redevelopment commitments and are discussed further above. As of December 31, 2023, we had total lease and other contractual commitments of $28 million, $26 million of which we expect to spend within the next twelve months.

Construction loan commitments. Due to the terms of our SHOP seller financing notes receivable, as of December 31, 2023, we are obligated to provide additional loans up to $29 million to fund senior housing redevelopment capital expenditure projects, which extend through 2024. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Ground and other operating lease commitments. Our ground and other operating lease commitments represent our commitments as lessee under signed operating leases. As of December 31, 2023, we had total ground and other operating lease commitments of $542 million, $17 million of which are payable within twelve months. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

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Redeemable noncontrolling interests. Certain of our noncontrolling interest holders have the ability to put their equity interests to us upon specified events or after the passage of a predetermined period of time. Each put option is subject to changes in redemption value in the event that the underlying property generates specified returns for us and meets certain promote thresholds pursuant to the respective agreements. As of December 31, 2023, three of the redeemable noncontrolling interests have met the conditions for redemption, but were not yet exercised. As of December 31, 2023, the redemption value of our redeemable noncontrolling interests was $49 million. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Success-Based Fees. We have engaged service providers, including investment banks and advisors, to help us negotiate the terms of the Mergers and to advise us on other merger-related matters. In connection with these services, we expect to be required to pay success-based fees to the extent that certain conditions, including the closing of the Mergers, are met. As of December 31, 2023, we expect to incur approximately $22 million of such success fees upon closing of the Mergers during the first quarter of 2024. As closing of the Mergers has not occurred, no such amounts have been paid or accrued through December 31, 2023. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Distribution and Dividend Requirements. Our dividend policy on our common stock is to distribute a percentage of our cash flow to ensure that we meet the dividend requirements of the Code, relative to maintaining our REIT status, while still allowing us to retain cash to fund capital improvements and other investment activities. Under the Code, REITs may be subject to certain federal income and excise taxes on undistributed taxable income. We paid quarterly cash dividends of $0.30 per common share in 2023. Our future common dividends, if and as declared, may vary and will be determined by the Board based upon the circumstances prevailing at the time, including our financial condition.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We own interests in certain unconsolidated joint ventures as described in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Two of these joint ventures have aggregate mortgage debt of $88 million, of which our share is $40 million. Except in limited circumstances, our risk of loss is limited to our investment in the applicable joint venture. We have no other material off-balance sheet arrangements that we expect would materially affect our liquidity and capital resources.

Inflation

A significant portion of our revenues are derived from leases that generally provide for fixed rental rates, subject to annual escalations. A period of high inflation could result in increases in the Consumer Price Index in excess of our fixed annual escalations. Certain of our leases provide that annual rent is modified based on changes in the Consumer Price Index or other thresholds.

Most of our outpatient medical leases require the tenant to pay a share of property operating costs such as real estate taxes, insurance, and utilities. Substantially all of our lab leases require the tenant or operator to pay all of the property operating costs or reimburse us for all such costs.

Labor costs, costs of construction materials, interest, utilities, and other operating costs may increase during periods of inflation. Inflationary increases in expenses will generally be offset, in whole or in part, by the tenant expense reimbursements and contractual rent increases described above.

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Cash Flow Summary

The following summary discussion of our cash flows is based on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and is not meant to be an all-inclusive discussion of the changes in our cash flows for the periods presented below.

The following table sets forth changes in cash flows (in thousands):

Operating Cash Flows

Our cash flows from operations are dependent upon the occupancy levels of our buildings, rental rates on leases, our tenants’ performance on their lease obligations, the level of operating expenses, and other factors. Our net cash provided by operating activities increased $56 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily as a result of: (i) developments and redevelopments placed in service during 2022 and 2023, (ii) annual rent increases, (iii) higher nonrefundable entrance fee collections, and (iv) new leasing and renewal activity. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities was partially offset by: (i) an increase in interest expense and (ii) an increase in property operating expenses.

Investing Cash Flows

Our cash flows from investing activities are generally used to fund acquisitions, developments, and redevelopments of real estate, net of proceeds received from sales of real estate, sales of DFLs, and repayments on loans receivable. Our net cash used in investing activities decreased $300 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily as a result of the following: (i) a reduction in acquisitions of real estate, (ii) a reduction in development and redevelopment of real estate, (iii) an increase in proceeds from the sales of real estate, (iv) an increase in proceeds from principal repayments on loans receivable and marketable debt securities, and (v) an increase in proceeds from insurance recoveries. The decrease in cash used in investing activities was partially offset by: (i) proceeds received in 2022 from the sale of a 30% interest in seven previously consolidated lab buildings in South San Francisco, California and (ii) higher investments in unconsolidated joint ventures related to the funding of redevelopment projects.

Financing Cash Flows

Our cash flows from financing activities are generally impacted by issuances of equity, borrowings and repayments under our bank line of credit and commercial paper program, senior unsecured notes, term loans, and mortgage debt, net of dividends paid to common shareholders. Our net cash used in financing activities increased $221 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily as a result of the following: (i) issuance of the the Term Loan Facilities in 2022, (ii) settlement of contracts under our ATM Program in 2022, (iii) higher net repayments under the commercial paper program, (iv) higher repayments of mortgage debt, and (v) increased distributions to noncontrolling interests. The increase in net cash used in financing activities was partially offset by: (i) proceeds received from the senior unsecured notes issuances in January 2023 and May 2023 and (ii) a reduction in repurchases of common stock.

Discontinued Operations

Operating, investing, and financing cash flows in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are reported inclusive of both cash flows from continuing operations and cash flows from discontinued operations. Certain significant cash flows from discontinued operations are disclosed in Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Debt

In January 2023 and May 2023, we completed public offerings of $750 million aggregate principal amount of 5.25% senior unsecured notes due 2032.

In February 2023, the Revolving Facility was amended to change the interest rate benchmark from LIBOR to SOFR.

Also in February 2023, the agreements associated with $142 million of variable rate mortgage debt were amended to change the interest rate benchmarks from LIBOR to SOFR, effective March 2023. Concurrently, we modified the related interest rate swap instruments to reflect the change in the interest rate benchmarks from LIBOR to SOFR.

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We have secured commitments for the 2024 Term Loan, to be incurred as an incremental facility under our existing term loan agreement. In January 2024, we entered into forward-starting interest rate swap instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges that will effectively establish a fixed interest rate for the 2024 Term Loan at a blended contractual rate of 4.5%.

In addition to the 2024 Term Loan, we anticipate that our principal indebtedness will increase due to debt assumed in connection with the Mergers.

See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about our outstanding debt.

Approximately 90% and 85% of our consolidated debt was fixed rate debt as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. At December 31, 2023, our fixed rate debt and variable rate debt had weighted average interest rates of 3.70% and 5.72%, respectively. At December 31, 2022, our fixed rate debt and variable rate debt had weighted average interest rates of 3.46% and 4.91%, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, we had $142 million of variable rate mortgage debt and the $500 million Term Loan Facilities swapped to fixed rates through interest rate swap instruments. These interest rate swap instruments are designated as cash flow hedges. For purposes of classification of the amounts above, variable rate debt with a derivative financial instrument designated as a cash flow hedge is reported as fixed rate debt due to us having effectively established a fixed interest rate for the underlying debt instrument. For a more detailed discussion of our interest rate risk, see “Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” below.

Supplemental Guarantor Information

Healthpeak OP has issued the senior unsecured notes described in Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The obligations of Healthpeak OP to pay principal, premiums, if any, and interest on such senior unsecured notes are guaranteed on a full and unconditional basis by the Company.

Subsidiary issuers of obligations guaranteed by the parent are not required to provide separate financial statements, provided that the parent guarantee is “full and unconditional”, the subsidiary obligor is a consolidated subsidiary of the parent company, the guaranteed security is debt or debt-like, and consolidated financial statements of the parent company have been filed. Accordingly, separate consolidated financial statements of Healthpeak OP have not been presented.

As permitted under Rule 13-01 of Regulation S-X, we have excluded the summarized financial information for the operating subsidiary because the Company and Healthpeak OP have no material assets, liabilities, or operations other than debt financing activities and their investments in non-guarantor subsidiaries, and management believes such summarized financial information would be repetitive and would not provide incremental value to investors.

Equity

At December 31, 2023, we had 547 million shares of common stock outstanding, equity totaled $6.9 billion, and our equity securities had a market value of $11.0 billion.

The Merger Agreement

Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, each outstanding share of Physicians Realty Trust will be converted into the right to receive 0.674 shares of our common stock when the Mergers are consummated. Based on the number of outstanding Physicians Realty Trust common shares as of January 8, 2024 (the record date for the special meetings of stockholders), we expect to issue approximately 163 million shares of our common stock when the Mergers are consummated.

At-The-Market Program

In February 2023, in connection with the Reorganization, we terminated our previous at-the-market equity offering program and established a new at-the-market equity offering program (the “ATM Program”) that allows for the sale of shares of common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $1.5 billion. In addition to the issuance and sale of shares of our common stock, we may also enter into one or more forward sales agreements (each, an “ATM forward contract”) with sales agents for the sale of our shares of common stock under our ATM Program.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we did not issue any shares of our common stock under any ATM program.

At December 31, 2023, $1.5 billion of our common stock remained available for sale under the ATM Program. Actual future sales of our common stock will depend upon a variety of factors, including but not limited to market conditions, the trading price of our common stock, and our capital needs. We have no obligation to sell any shares under our ATM Program.

See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about our ATM Program.

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Noncontrolling Interests

Healthpeak OP. Immediately following the Reorganization, Healthpeak Properties, Inc. was the initial sole member and 100% owner of Healthpeak OP. Subsequent to the Reorganization, certain of our employees (“OP Unitholders”) were issued approximately 2 million noncontrolling, non-managing member units in Healthpeak OP (“OP Units”), all of which were LTIP Units (see Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). When certain conditions are met, the OP Unitholders have the right to require redemption of part or all of their OP Units for cash or shares of our common stock, at our option as managing member of Healthpeak OP. The per unit redemption amount is equal to either one share of our common stock or cash equal to the fair value of a share of common stock at the time of redemption. We classify the OP Units in permanent equity because we may elect, in our sole discretion, to issue shares of our common stock to OP Unitholders who choose to redeem their OP Units rather than using cash. None of the outstanding OP Units met the criteria for redemption as of December 31, 2023.

DownREITs. At December 31, 2023, non-managing members held an aggregate of approximately 5 million units in seven limited liability companies (“DownREITs”) for which we are the managing member. The DownREIT units are exchangeable for an amount of cash approximating the then-current market value of shares of our common stock or, at our option, shares of our common stock (subject to certain adjustments, such as stock splits and reclassifications). At December 31, 2023, the outstanding DownREIT units were convertible into approximately 7 million shares of our common stock.

Share Repurchase Program

On August 1, 2022, our Board of Directors approved the Share Repurchase Program under which we may acquire shares of our common stock in the open market up to an aggregate purchase price of $500 million. Purchases of common stock under the Share Repurchase Program may be exercised at our discretion with the timing and number of shares repurchased depending on a variety of factors, including price, corporate and regulatory requirements, and other corporate liquidity requirements and priorities. The Share Repurchase Program expires in August 2024 and may be suspended or terminated at any time without prior notice. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased 2.1 million shares of our common stock at a weighted average price of $27.16 per share for a total of $56 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program. Therefore, at December 31, 2023, $444 million of our common stock remained available for repurchase under the Share Repurchase Program.

Shelf Registration

In February 2024, the Company and Healthpeak OP jointly filed a prospectus with the SEC as part of a registration statement on Form S-3, using an automatic shelf registration process. This shelf registration statement expires on February 8, 2027 and at or prior to such time, we expect to file a new shelf registration statement. Under the “shelf” process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in the prospectus through one or more offerings. The securities described in the prospectus include future offerings of (i) the Company’s common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, debt securities, and guarantees by the Company of debt securities issued by Healthpeak OP and/or by the Company’s existing and future subsidiaries, and (ii) Healthpeak OP’s debt securities and guarantees by Healthpeak OP of debt securities issued by the Company and/or by Healthpeak OP’s existing and future subsidiaries.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliations

The following is a reconciliation from net income (loss) applicable to common shares, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to Nareit FFO, FFO as Adjusted, and AFFO (in thousands):