FIRST CAPITAL INC (FCAP)

PART I - ITEM 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND

ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FIRST CAPITAL, INC.

Results of Operations for the Six Month Periods Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025

Net income.  Net income attributable to the Company was $9.1 million ($2.72 per diluted share) for the six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to $7.0 million ($2.09 per diluted share) for the six months ended June 30, 2025.

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Net interest income.  Net interest income after provision for credit losses increased $3.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 as compared to the same period in 2025.

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Total interest income increased $3.2 million when comparing the two periods primarily due to an increase in the average tax-equivalent yield on interest-earning assets from 4.73% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 to 5.04% for the same period in 2026, in addition to an increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets from $1.18 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2025 to $1.23 billion for the same period in 2026.

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Total interest expense decreased $352,000 when comparing the two periods.  The average cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased from 1.67% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 to 1.56% for the same period in 2026, while the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities increased from $883.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 to $904.4 million for the same period in 2026.

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As a result of the changes in interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, the tax-equivalent net interest margin increased from 3.47% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 to 3.90% for the same period in 2026.

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Provision for credit losses.  Based on management’s analysis of the ACL on loans and unfunded loan commitments, the provision for credit losses increased from $644,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 to $775,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2026.  The Bank recognized net charge-offs of $169,000 and $197,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Noninterest income.  Noninterest income increased $387,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2026 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2025.  The increase is primarily due to the Company recognizing a $270,000 gain on equity securities during the six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to a loss of $23,000 during the same period in 2025.  In addition, the Company recognized increases of $70,000 and $53,000 in ATM and debit card fee income and service charges on deposit accounts, respectively, when comparing the two periods.  These increases were partially offset by the Company recognizing a $92,000 loss on sale of available for sale securities for the six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to a loss of $55,000 for the same period in 2025.  The loss on sale of available for sale securities during the six months ended June 30, 2026 was a result of management’s decision to sell $18.7 million of available for sale securities to better position the Company’s investment portfolio for increased future yields.

Noninterest expense.  Noninterest expenses increased $931,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2026 as compared to the same period in 2025.  This was primarily due to increases in compensation and benefits, other expenses, professional services, and advertising expenses of $470,000, $178,000, $166,000 and $82,000, respectively, when comparing the two periods.  The increase in compensation and benefits is due to increases in salary and wages associated with annual cost of living and performance related adjustments as well as increases in the cost of Company-provided health insurance benefits.  The increase in other expenses is primarily due to an increase in consumer fraud losses and increased support of the Company’s local communities through sponsorships and donations during the six months ended June 30, 2026 as compared to the same period in 2025.  The increase in professional services is due to increased consulting fees.  The increase in advertising expenses is related to various new marketing campaigns undertaken during the six months ended June 30, 2026 as compared to the same period in 2025.

Income tax expense.  Income tax expense increased $755,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2026 as compared to the same period in 2025 resulting in an effective tax rate of 20.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to 17.9% for the same period in 2025.  The increase in the Bank’s effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2026 reflects a higher proportion of net income being subject to taxation compared to the same period last year.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Bank’s primary sources of funds are customer deposits, proceeds from loan repayments, maturing securities and borrowings from the FHLB or FRB. While loan repayments and maturities are a predictable source of funds, deposit flows and mortgage prepayments are greatly influenced by market interest rates, general economic conditions and competition. At June 30, 2026, the Bank had cash and cash equivalents of $149.8 million and securities available-for-sale with a fair value of $406.9 million. If the Bank requires funds beyond its ability to generate them internally, it has additional borrowing capacity with the FHLB, FRB, collateral eligible for repurchase agreements and unsecured federal funds purchased lines of credit with other financial institutions.

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Table of Contents

PART I - ITEM 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND

ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FIRST CAPITAL, INC.

The Bank’s primary investing activity is the origination of one-to-four family mortgage loans and commercial real estate loans and, to a lesser extent, consumer, multi-family, commercial business and residential construction loans. The Bank also invests in U.S. government and agency securities and mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies.

The Bank must maintain an adequate level of liquidity to ensure the availability of sufficient funds to support loan growth and deposit withdrawals, to satisfy financial commitments and to take advantage of investment opportunities. Historically, the Bank has been able to retain a significant amount of its deposits as they mature.

The Company is a separate legal entity from the Bank and must provide for its own liquidity. In addition to its operating expenses, the Company, on a stand-alone basis, is responsible for paying any dividends declared to its shareholders. The Board of Directors of the Company also has authorized the repurchase of shares of its common stock. The Company’s primary source of income is dividends received from the Bank. The amount of dividends that the Bank may declare and pay to the Company in any calendar year, without the receipt of prior approval from the Indiana Department of Financial Institutions (“IDFI”), cannot exceed net income for that year to date plus retained net income (as defined under Indiana law) for the preceding two calendar years. On a stand-alone basis, the Company had liquid assets of $2.4 million at June 30, 2026.

The Bank is required to maintain specific amounts of capital pursuant to regulatory requirements. Beginning in 2020, qualifying community banks with assets of less than $10 billion are eligible to opt in to the Community Bank Leverage Ratio (“CBLR”) framework. The CBLR is the ratio of a bank’s tangible equity capital to average total consolidated assets. A qualifying community bank that exceeds this ratio will be deemed to be in compliance with all other capital and leverage requirements, including the capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” under Prompt Corrective Action statutes. The federal banking agencies may consider a financial institution’s risk profile when evaluating whether it qualifies as a community bank for purposes of the capital ratio requirement. The federal banking agencies must set the minimum capital for the new CBLR at not less than 8% and not more than 10%, and has set the minimum ratio at 9% effective January 1, 2022. A financial institution that falls below the minimum CBLR generally has a two quarter grace period to get back into compliance as long as it maintains a minimum CBLR of 8%. A financial institution can elect to be subject to or opt out of the CBLR framework at any time. As a qualified community bank, the Bank had opted into the CBLR framework as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 and its CBLR was 11.33% and 11.01% as of those dates, respectively. Management believes that the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which it was subject as of June 30, 2026. At both June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Bank was considered “well-capitalized” under applicable regulatory guidelines.

On April 23, 2026, the federal banking agencies finalized a rule, effective July 1, 2026, that lowers the minimum CBLR from 9% to 8% and extends the grace period for a qualifying community bank that falls below the minimum from two quarters to four quarters, provided the institution maintains a CBLR greater than 7%.  While no assurance can be given, it is the Company’s intent to continue to utilize the CBLR framework so long as the Bank continues to meet the qualifying criteria.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the normal course of operations, the Company engages in a variety of financial transactions that, in accordance with GAAP, are not recorded on the Company’s financial statements. These transactions involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit, interest rate and liquidity risk. Such transactions are primarily used to manage customers’ requests for funding and take the form of loan commitments and letters of credit. A further presentation of the Company’s off-balance sheet arrangements is presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. See Note 4 of this quarterly report for additional information regarding the ACL for these off-balance sheet arrangements.

For the six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company did not engage in any off-balance sheet transactions reasonably likely to have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

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Table of Contents

PART I - ITEM 3

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES

ABOUT MARKET RISK

FIRST CAPITAL, INC.

Qualitative Aspects of Market Risk.  Market risk is the risk that the estimated fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities will decline as a result of changes in interest rates or financial market volatility, or that the Company’s net income will be significantly reduced by interest rate changes.

The Company’s principal financial objective is to achieve long-term profitability while reducing its exposure to fluctuating market interest rates. The Company has sought to reduce the exposure of its earnings to changes in market interest rates by attempting to manage the mismatch between asset and liability maturities and interest rates. In order to reduce the exposure to interest rate fluctuations, the Company has developed strategies to manage its liquidity, shorten its effective maturities of certain interest-earning assets and decrease the interest rate sensitivity of its asset base. Management has sought to decrease the average maturity of its assets by emphasizing the origination of short-term commercial and consumer loans, all of which are retained by the Company for its portfolio. The Company relies on retail deposits as its primary source of funds. Management believes retail deposits, compared to brokered deposits, reduce the effects of interest rate fluctuations because they generally represent a more stable source of funds.

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Quantitative Aspects of Market Risk. The Company does not maintain a trading account for any class of financial instrument nor does the Company engage in hedging activities or purchase high-risk deriva

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION

General

As the holding company for the Bank, the Company conducts its business primarily through the Bank. The Bank’s results of operations depend primarily on net interest income, which is the difference between the income earned on its interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments, and the cost of its interest-bearing liabilities, consisting primarily of deposits and borrowings from the FHLB. The Bank’s net income is also affected by, among other things, fee income, provisions for credit losses, operating expenses and income tax provisions. The Bank’s results of operations are also significantly affected by general economic and competitive conditions, particularly changes in market interest rates, government legislation and policies concerning monetary and fiscal affairs, housing and financial institutions and the intended actions of the regulatory authorities.

Management uses various indicators to evaluate the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Indicators include the following:

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is intended to assist in understanding the financial condition and results of operations of the Company and the Bank. The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.

Operating Strategy

The Company is the parent company of an independent community-oriented financial institution that delivers quality customer service and offers a wide range of deposit, loan and investment products to its customers. The commitment to customer needs, the focus on providing consistent customer service, and community service and support are the keys to the Bank’s past and future success. The Company has no other material income other than that generated by the Bank and its subsidiaries.

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The Bank’s primary business strategy is attracting deposits from the general public and using those funds to originate residential mortgage loans, multi-family residential loans, commercial real estate and business loans and consumer loans. The Bank invests excess liquidity primarily in interest-bearing deposits with the FHLB and other financial institutions, federal funds sold, U.S. government and agency securities, local municipal obligations and mortgage-backed securities.

In recent years, the Company’s operating strategy has also included strategies designed to enhance profitability by increasing sources of noninterest income and improving operating efficiency while managing its capital and limiting its credit risk and interest rate risk exposures. To accomplish these objectives, the Company has focused on the following:

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company comply with U.S. GAAP and conform to general practices within the banking industry. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. The financial position and results of operations can be affected by these estimates and assumptions, which are integral to understanding reported results. Critical accounting policies are those policies that require management to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time an accounting estimate is made; and different estimates that the Company reasonably could have used in the current period, or changes in the accounting estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, would have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition or results of operations. Most accounting policies are not considered by management to be critical accounting policies. Several factors are considered in determining whether or not a policy is critical in the preparation of financial statements. These factors include, among other things, whether the estimates are significant to the financial statements, the nature of the estimates, the ability to readily validate the estimates with other information including third parties or available prices, and sensitivity of the estimates to changes in economic conditions and whether alternative accounting methods may be utilized under U.S. GAAP.

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Significant accounting policies, including the impact of recent accounting pronouncements, are discussed in Note 1 of the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Those policies considered to be critical accounting policies are described below.

ACL on Loans. The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from an asset’s amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the asset. Loans are charged off against the ACL when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged off and expected to be charged-off.

The Company utilizes the Weighted Average Remaining Maturity method, which uses average annual charge-off rates and the remaining life of the loan, to estimate the ACL. For the Company’s loan portfolios, the remaining contractual life for each loan is adjusted by the expected scheduled payments and estimated prepayments. The average annual charge-off rate is applied to the amortization adjusted remaining life of the loan to determine the unadjusted lifetime historical charge-off rate. The Company’s expected loss estimate is anchored in historical credit loss experience, with an emphasis on all available portfolio data.

The Company estimates the ACL on loans using relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Qualitative adjustments to historical loss information are made for losses reflected by peers, changes in underwriting standards, changes in economic conditions, changes in delinquency levels, collateral values and other factors.

Qualitative adjustments reflect management’s overall estimate of the extent to which current expected credit losses on collectively evaluated loans will differ from historical loss experience. The analysis takes into consideration industry and collateral concentrations, acquired loan portfolio characteristics and other credit-related analytics as deemed appropriate.

Management exercises significant judgment in evaluating the relevant historical loss experience and the qualitative factors. Management also monitors the differences between estimated and actual incurred loan losses in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the estimation process and make any changes in the methodology as necessary.

The ACL is measured on a collective (pooled) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. When a loan no longer exhibits risk characteristics similar to those of the loan portfolio, management individually evaluates that loan for a specific allocation of the ACL. Specific reserves on individually analyzed loans are

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