HARTFORD INSURANCE GROUP, INC. (HIG)

Item 2.

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Dollar amounts in millions except for per share data, unless otherwise stated)

The Hartford provides projections and other forward-looking information in the following discussions, which contain many forward-looking statements, particularly relating to the Company’s future financial performance. These forward-looking statements are estimates based on information currently available to the Company, are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are subject to the cautionary statements set forth on pages 4 and 5 of this Form 10-Q. Actual results are likely to differ, and in the past have differed, materially from those forecast by the Company, depending on the outcome of various factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth in the following discussion; Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors in The Hartford’s 2025 Form 10-K Annual Report; and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The Hartford undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

On June 3, 2026, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell Hartford Funds Management Group, Inc. ("Hartford Funds"), a subsidiary of Hartford Holdings, Inc. For further discussion of this transaction, see Note 17 - Discontinued Operations of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Certain reclassifications have been made to historical financial information presented in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") to conform to the current period presentation. For discussion of reclassifications and discontinued operations, see Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 17 - Discontinued Operations of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Hartford defines increases or decreases greater than or equal to 200%, or changes from a net gain to a net loss position, or vice versa, as “NM” or not meaningful.

Index

Throughout this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, we use certain terms and abbreviations, the more commonly used are summarized in the Acronyms section.

Key Performance Measures and Ratios

The Company considers the measures and ratios in the following discussion to be key performance indicators for its businesses. Management believes that these ratios and measures are useful in understanding the underlying trends in The Hartford’s businesses. However, these key performance indicators should only be used in conjunction with, and not in lieu of, the results presented in the reportable segment and corporate operating summaries that follow in this MD&A. These ratios and measures may not be comparable to other performance measures used by the Company’s competitors.

Definitions of Non-GAAP and Other Measures and Ratios

Book Value per Diluted Share excluding accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI")- This is a non-GAAP per share measure that is calculated by dividing (a) common stockholders' equity, excluding AOCI, after tax, by (b) common shares outstanding and dilutive potential common shares. The Company provides this measure to enable investors to analyze the amount of the Company's net worth that is primarily attributable to the Company's business operations. The Company believes that

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excluding AOCI from the numerator is useful to investors because it eliminates the effect of items that can fluctuate significantly from period to period, primarily based on changes in interest rates. Book value per diluted share is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

Combined Ratio- The sum of the loss and loss adjustment expense ("LAE") ratio, the expense ratio and the policyholder dividend ratio. This ratio is a relative measurement that describes the related cost of losses and expenses for every $100 of earned premiums. A combined ratio below 100 demonstrates underwriting profit; a combined ratio above 100 demonstrates underwriting losses.

Core Earnings- The Hartford uses the non-GAAP measure core earnings as an important measure of the Company’s operating performance. The Hartford believes that core earnings provides investors with a valuable measure of the performance of the Company’s ongoing businesses because it reveals trends in our insurance businesses that may be obscured by including the net effect of certain items. Therefore, the following items are excluded from core earnings:

•Certain realized gains and losses - Generally realized gains and losses are primarily driven by investment decisions and external economic developments, the nature and timing of which are unrelated to the insurance and underwriting aspects of our business. Accordingly, core earnings excludes the effect of realized gains and losses that tend to be highly variable from period to period based on capital market conditions. The Hartford believes, however, that some realized gains and losses are integrally related to our insurance operations, so core earnings includes net realized gains and losses such as net periodic settlements on credit derivatives. These net realized gains and losses are directly related to an offsetting item included in the income statement such as net investment income.

•Restructuring and other costs - Costs incurred as part of a restructuring plan are not a recurring operating expense of the business.

•Loss on extinguishment of debt - Largely consisting of make-whole payments or tender premiums upon paying debt off before maturity, these losses are not a recurring operating expense of the business.

•Gains and losses on reinsurance transactions - Gains or losses on reinsurance, such as those entered into upon sale of a business or to reinsure loss reserves, are not a recurring operating expense of the business.

•Integration and other non-recurring M&A costs - These costs, including transaction costs incurred in connection with an acquired business, are incurred over a short period of time and do not represent an ongoing operating expense of the business.

•Change in loss reserves upon acquisition of a business - These changes in loss reserves are excluded from core earnings because such changes could obscure the ability to compare results in periods after the acquisition to results of periods prior to the acquisition.

•Deferred gain resulting from retroactive reinsurance and subsequent changes in the deferred gain - Retroactive reinsurance agreements economically transfer risk to the reinsurers and excluding the deferred gain on retroactive reinsurance and related amortization of the deferred gain from core earnings provides greater insight into the economics of the business.

•Change in valuation allowance on deferred taxes related to non-core components of before tax income - These changes in valuation allowances are excluded from core earnings because they relate to non-core components of before tax income, such as tax attributes like capital loss carryforwards.

•Results of discontinued operations - These results are excluded from core earnings for businesses sold or held for sale because such results could obscure the ability to compare period over period results for our ongoing businesses.

In addition to the above components of net income available to common stockholders that are excluded from core earnings, preferred stock dividends declared, which are excluded from net income, are included in the determination of core earnings. Preferred stock dividends are a cost of financing more akin to interest expense on debt and are expected to be a recurring expense as long as the preferred stock is outstanding.

Net income (loss) and net income (loss) available to common stockholders are the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures to core earnings. Core earnings should not be considered as a substitute for net income (loss) or net income (loss) available to common stockholders and does not reflect the overall profitability of the Company’s business. Therefore, The Hartford believes that it is useful for investors to evaluate net income (loss), net income (loss) available to common stockholders, and core earnings when reviewing the Company’s performance.

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[1]Includes a loss on disposal of real estate, which was reported in insurance operating costs and other expenses and sold during the second quarter of 2026.

[2]During first quarter 2026, the Company began collecting recoveries from National Indemnity Company (“NICO”), a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., related to the asbestos and environmental adverse development cover (“A&E ADC”) and as a result amortized $36 of the deferred gain within benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses in the three months ended March 31, 2026. Subsequently NICO suspended any further payment under the A&E ADC due to a dispute that is the subject of an arbitration proceeding. The Company recorded amortization of the deferred gain related to the Navigators adverse development cover (“Navigators ADC”) of $24 and $56 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. For additional information regarding the adverse development cover ("ADC") reinsurance agreement, refer to Note 9 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

[3]Primarily represents the federal income tax expense (benefit) related to before tax items not included in core earnings.

Core Earnings Margin- The Hartford uses the non-GAAP measure core earnings margin to evaluate, and believes it is an important measure of, the Employee Benefits segment's operating performance. Core earnings margin is calculated by dividing core earnings by revenues, excluding buyouts and realized (gains) losses. Net income ma

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Part II - Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

of December 31, 2025, the U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan is fully funded and in an asset position. For further discussion of pension and other postretirement benefit obligations, see Note 18 - Employee Benefit Plans of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Derivative Commitments

Certain of the Company’s derivative agreements contain provisions that are tied to the financial strength ratings, as set by nationally recognized statistical rating agencies, of the individual legal entity that entered into the derivative agreement. If the legal entity’s financial strength were to fall below certain ratings, the counterparties to the derivative agreements could terminate agreements and demand immediate settlement of the outstanding net derivative positions transacted under each agreement. For further information, refer to Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

As of December 31, 2025, no derivative positions would be subject to immediate termination in the event of a downgrade of one level below the current financial strength ratings. This could change as a result of changes in our hedging activities or to the extent changes in contractual terms are negotiated.

Insurance Operations

While subject to variability period to period, underwriting and investment cash flows continue to provide sufficient liquidity to meet anticipated demands.

The principal sources of operating funds are premiums, fees earned from insurance and administrative service agreements, and investment income, while investing cash flows primarily originate from maturities and sales of invested assets.

The Company’s insurance operations consist of property and casualty insurance products (collectively referred to as “Property & Casualty Operations”) and Employee Benefits products.

The Company's insurance operations hold fixed maturity securities, including a significant short-term investment position (securities with maturities of one year or less at the time of purchase), to meet liquidity needs. Liquidity requirements that are unable to be funded by the Company's insurance operations' short-term investments would be satisfied with current operating funds, including premiums or investing cash flows, which includes proceeds received through the sale of invested assets. A sale of invested assets could result in significant realized losses.

The following tables represent the fixed maturity holdings, including the aforementioned cash and short-term investments available to meet liquidity needs, for each of the Company’s insurance operations.

Property & Casualty Operations

Property & Casualty operations invested assets also include $121 in equity securities, $5.3 billion in mortgage loans and $4.5 billion in limited partnerships and other alternative investments.

Employee Benefits Operations

Employee Benefits operations invested assets also include $23 in equity securities, $1.6 billion in mortgage loans and $1.2 billion in limited partnerships and other alternative investments.

The primary uses of funds are to pay claims, claim adjustment expenses, commissions and other underwriting and insurance operating costs, to pay taxes, to purchase new investments and to make dividend payments to the HIG Holding Company.

Property & Casualty reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses as of December 31, 2025 were $38.2 billion and net of reinsurance and other recoverables were $31.4 billion. Reserves for Property & Casualty unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses include case reserves and IBNR reserves. The ultimate amount to be paid to settle both case and IBNR reserves is an estimate, subject to significant uncertainty. The actual amount to be paid is not finally determined until the Company reaches a settlement with the claimant. Final claim settlements may vary significantly from the present estimates, particularly since many claims will not be settled until well into the future. For a discussion of The Hartford’s judgment in estimating reserves for Property & Casualty see Part II, Item 7, MD&A - Critical Accounting Estimates, Property & Casualty Insurance Product Reserves, Net of Reinsurance, and for historical payments by reserve line net of reinsurance, see Note 10 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The timing of future payments for the next twelve months and for beyond twelve months could vary materially from historical payment patterns due to, among other things, changes in claim reporting and payment patterns and large unanticipated settlements. In particular, there is significant uncertainty over the claim payment patterns of asbestos and environmental claims.

Employee Benefits reserves as of December 31, 2025 were $8.8 billion and net of reinsurance were $8.5 billion. Group life and disability obligations are estimated using assumptions based on the Company’s historical experience, modified for recent observed trends. For a discussion of The Hartford’s

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judgment in estimating LTD reserves for Employee Benefits see Part II, Item 7, MD&A - Critical Accounting Estimates, Employee Benefit LTD Reserves, Net of Reinsurance. For additional information about future policy benefits and other policyholder funds and benefits payable, see Note 11 - Reserve for Future Policy Benefits and Note 12 - Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. For historical payments by reserve line, net of reinsurance, see Note 10 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Due to the significance of the assumptions used, payments for the next twelve months and beyond twelve months could materially differ from historical patterns.

Corporate reserves as of December 31, 2025 were $356, and net of reinsurance were $143. These reserves related to retained run-off liabilities of its former life and annuity business. For additional information about future policy benefits and other policyholder funds and benefits payable, see Note 11 - Reserve for Future Policy Benefits and Note 12 - Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Hartford Funds

Hartford Funds' principal sources of operating funds are fees earned from basis points on assets under management with uses primarily for payments to subadvisors and other general operating expenses. As of December 31, 2025, Hartford Funds cash and short-term investments were $396.

Purchase and Other Obligations

The Hartford’s unfunded commitments to purchase investments in limited partnerships and other alternative investments, mortgage loans, private debt and equity securities, as well as tax credits are disclosed in Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. It is anticipated that these unfunded commitments will be funded through the Company’s normal operating and investing activities.

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contractual commitments to purchase various goods and services such as maintenance, human resources, and information technology. The Company’s operating lease commitments are disclosed in Note 20 - Leases of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. It is anticipated that these purchase commitments and operating lease obligations will be funded through the Company’s normal operating and investing activities.

Capitalization

Total capitalization increased $2,537, or 12%, as of December 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024 primarily due to net income in excess of common stockholder dividends in the period, and a decrease in net unrealized losses on fixed maturities, AFS partially offset by share repurchases.

For additional information on AOCI, net of tax, including unrealized gains (losses) from securities, see Note 17 - Changes in and Reclassifications From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Note 5 - Investments of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. For additional information on debt, see Note 13 - Debt of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Cash Flow

Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to 2024

Net cash provided by operating activities increased slightly in 2025 as compared to the prior year primarily driven by an increase in P&C and Employee Benefits premiums received partially offset by an increase in loss and loss adjustment expenses paid and higher operating expenses, including increased commissions and staffing costs.

Cash used for investing activities decreased slightly in 2025 due to more cash used in financing activities partially offset by more cash generated from operating activities.

Cash used for financing activities increased in 2025 as compared to the prior year primarily driven by an increase in treasury stock acquired through share repurchases, a change from net issuance to net return of shares under incentive and stock compensation plans, and an increase in dividends paid on common stock.

Operating cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2025 have been adequate to meet liquidity requirements.

Equity Markets

For a discussion of the potential impact of the equity markets on capital and liquidity, see the Financial Risk on U.S. Statutory Capital and Liquidity Risk section in this MD&A.

Ratings

Ratings are an important factor in establishing a competitive position in the insurance marketplace and impact the Company's ability to access financing and its cost of borrowing. There can be no assurance that the Company’s ratings will continue for any given period of time, or that they will not be changed. In the event the Company’s ratings are downgraded, the Company’s competitive position, ability to access financing, and its cost of borrowing, may be adversely impacted.

These ratings are not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any of The Hartford’s securities and they may

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