KEYCORP /NEW/ (KEY)

Item 2.    Management’s Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition & Results of Operations

Introduction

This section reviews the financial condition and results of operations of KeyCorp and its subsidiaries for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2026, and March 31, 2025. Some tables may include additional periods to comply with disclosure requirements or to illustrate trends in greater depth. When you read this discussion, you should also refer to the consolidated financial statements and related notes in this report. The page locations of specific sections and notes that we refer to are presented in the Table of Contents.

References to our “2025 Form 10-K” refer to our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, which has been filed with the SEC and is available on its website (www.sec.gov) and on our website (www.key.com/ir).

Terminology

Throughout this discussion, references to “Key,” “we,” “our,” “us,” and similar terms refer to the consolidated entity consisting of KeyCorp and its subsidiaries. “KeyCorp” refers solely to the parent holding company, and “KeyBank” refers solely to KeyCorp’s subsidiary bank, KeyBank National Association. “KeyBank (consolidated)” refers to the consolidated entity consisting of KeyBank and its subsidiaries.

We want to explain some industry-specific terms at the outset so you can better understand the discussion that follows.

•We use the phrase continuing operations in this document to mean all of our businesses other than our government-guaranteed and private education lending business, which are accounted for as discontinued operations.

•We engage in capital markets activities primarily through business conducted by our Commercial Bank segment. These activities encompass a variety of products and services. Among other things, we trade securities as a dealer, enter into derivative contracts (both to accommodate clients’ financing needs and to mitigate certain risks), and conduct transactions in foreign currencies (to accommodate clients’ needs).

•For regulatory purposes, capital is divided into two classes. Federal regulations currently prescribe that at least one-half of a bank or BHC’s total risk-based capital must qualify as Tier 1 capital. Both total and Tier 1 capital serve as bases for several measures of capital adequacy, which is an important indicator of financial stability and condition. Banking regulators evaluate a component of Tier 1 capital, known as Common Equity Tier 1, under the Regulatory Capital Rules. The “Capital” section of this report under the heading “Capital adequacy” provides more information on total capital, Tier 1 capital, and the Regulatory Capital Rules, including Common Equity Tier 1, and describes how these measures are calculated.

4

Table of contents

The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used in the Management’s Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition & Results of Operations as well as in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited). You may find it helpful to refer back to this page as you read this report.

Forward-looking Statements

From time to time, we have made or will make forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements usually can be identified by the use of words such as “goal,” “objective,” “plan,” “expect,” “assume,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “project,” “believe,” “estimate,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” or other words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events, circumstances, results or aspirations. Our disclosures in this report contain forward-looking statements. We may also make forward-looking statements in other documents filed with or furnished to the SEC. In addition, we may make forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others.

Forward-looking statements, by their nature, are subject to assumptions, risks, and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results may differ materially from those set forth in our forward-looking statements. There is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete. In addition, no assurance can be given that any plan, initiative, projection, goal, commitment, expectation, or prospect set forth in this report can or will be achieved. Factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those described in forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

5

Table of contents

•the extensive regulation of the U.S. financial services industry;

•complex and evolving laws and regulations regarding privacy and cybersecurity;

•operational or risk management failures by us or critical third parties;

•breaches of security or failures of our technology systems due to technological or other factors and cybersecurity threats;

•an ineffective risk management framework;

•negative outcomes from claims, litigation, arbitration, investigations, or governmental proceedings;

•failure or circumvention of our controls and procedures;

•our exposure to a wide range of climate-related physical risks across different geographical areas;

•evolving capital and liquidity standards under applicable regulatory rules;

•disruption of the U.S. and global financial system and markets, including the impact of inflation, tariffs or other trade policies, political instability, a prolonged shutdown of the U.S. government, a potential global economic downturn or recession, and extended military conflicts;

•unanticipated changes in our liquidity position, including but not limited to, changes in our access to or the cost of funding and our ability to secure alternative funding sources;

•our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries, including KeyBank;

•downgrades in our credit ratings or those of KeyBank;

•a worsening of the U.S. economy due to financial, political or other shocks;

•our ability to anticipate interest rate changes and manage interest rate risk;

•deterioration of economic conditions in the geographic regions where we operate;

•the soundness of other financial institutions, including instability in the financial industry;

•our concentrated credit exposure in commercial and industrial loans;

•deterioration of commercial real estate market fundamentals;

•defaults by our loan clients or counterparties;

•adverse changes in credit quality trends;

•declining asset prices;

•deterioration of asset quality and an increase in credit losses;

•geopolitical destabilization, including ongoing military conflicts;

•labor shortages, increases in unemployment rates, and supply chain constraints;

•our ability to develop and effectively use the quantitative models we rely upon in our business planning;

•our ability to timely and effectively implement our strategic initiatives;

•damage to our reputation;

•increased competitive pressure;

•our ability to adapt our products and services to industry standards and consumer preferences;

•our ability to attract and retain talented executives and employees;

•unanticipated adverse effects of strategic partnerships or acquisitions and dispositions of assets or businesses;

•the potential impact of Scotiabank’s significant equity interest in our business;

•inaccurate assumptions or estimates underlying our consolidated financial statements;

•changes in accounting policies, standards, and interpretations; and

•impairment of goodwill.

Any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of subsequent events or circumstances, except as required by applicable securities laws. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider all risks and uncertainties disclosed in our 2025 Form 10-K, in Part II, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of this report, and in any subsequent reports filed with the SEC by Key, as well as our registration statements under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, all of which are or will upon filing be accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and on our website at www.key.com/ir.

6

Table of contents

Executive Overview

Key reported $486 million in net income from continuing

[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

50

Table of contents

Introduction

This section reviews the financial condition and results of operations of KeyCorp and its subsidiaries for 2025 and 2024. Some tables may include additional periods to comply with disclosure requirements or to illustrate trends in greater depth. When you read this discussion, you should also refer to the consolidated financial statements and related notes in this report. The page locations of specific sections and notes that we refer to are presented in the Table of Contents. To review our financial condition and results of operations for 2023 and a comparison between the 2023 and 2024 results, see Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our 2024 Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 21, 2025, which discussion is incorporated herein by reference.

Corporate strategy

We remain committed to enhancing long-term shareholder value by continuing to execute our relationship-based business model, growing our franchise, and being disciplined with respect to capital management. We intend to pursue this commitment by growing profitably; acquiring and expanding targeted client relationships; effectively managing risk and rewards; maintaining financial strength; and engaging, retaining, and inspiring our high-performing and talented workforce and fostering a culture that is fair and inclusive for all. These strategic priorities for enhancing long-term shareholder value are described in more detail below.

•Grow profitably — We intend to continue to focus on generating positive operating leverage by growing revenue and creating a more efficient operating environment. We expect our relationship business model to keep generating organic growth as it helps us expand engagement with existing clients and attract new customers. We plan to leverage our continuous improvement culture to maintain an efficient cost structure that is aligned, sustainable, and consistent with the current operating environment and that supports our relationship business model.

•Acquire and expand targeted client relationships — We seek to be client-centric in our actions and have taken purposeful steps to enhance our ability to acquire and expand targeted relationships. We seek to provide solutions to serve our clients' needs. We focus on markets and clients where we can be the most relevant. In aligning our businesses and investments against these targeted client segments, we are able to make a meaningful positive impact for our clients.

•Effectively manage risk and rewards — Our risk management activities are focused on ensuring we properly identify, measure, and manage risks across the entire company to maintain safety and soundness and maximize profitability.

•Maintain financial strength — With the foundation of a strong balance sheet, we intend to remain focused on sustaining strong reserves, liquidity, and capital. We plan to work closely with our Board and regulators to manage capital to support our clients’ needs and drive long-term shareholder value. Our capital position remains strong, and we are well-positioned relative to our capital priorities.

•Engage a high-performing and talented workforce — Every day our employees provide our clients with great ideas, extraordinary service, and smart solutions. We intend to continue to engage our high-performing and talented workforce to create an environment where everyone can make a difference, own their careers, be respected, and feel a sense of pride.

51

Table of contents

Executive overview

Our results for 2025 saw us meet or exceed all of our financial targets communicated at the beginning of the year. We delivered full year record revenue with both net interest income and fee revenue growing greater than projected. As a result, we generated significant positive operating leverage. At December 31, 2025, our Common Equity Tier 1 and Tier 1 risk-based capital ratios stood at 11.78% and 13.46%, respectively. We are well positioned as we enter 2026.

In addition to the items described above, the following actions and results during 2025 also supported our overall corporate strategy.

•We added nearly 10% to our frontline banker staff across wealth management, commercial payments, middle market, and investment banking.

•We invested an additional $100 million in technology focused on customer-facing capabilities that make it easier for our clients to bank at Key.

•We ended the year with $70.0 billion in assets under management, a record high, reflecting the continued strong sales production in our mass affluent segment.

•We continued to maintain our strong risk discipline. Full year net charge-offs were 41 basis points. Additionally, all leading indicators: non-performing assets, criticized loans, and delinquencies moved in a favorable direction.

•We remained committed to our strategy to engage a high-performing and talented workforce and fostering an inclusive environment for all. We continue to be recognized by multiple organizations for our dedication to creating an environment where all employees are treated with respect and empowered to bring their authentic selves to work.

Business Outlook

Consistent with the forward guidance we provided on January 20, 2026, we expect these results for full year 2026 versus full year 2025.

(a)    Ranges are shown on an operating basis.

(b)    Key is unable to provide a reconciliation of forward-looking non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly related GAAP financial measures due to the difficulty in forecasting when future amounts may occur. Such unavailable information could be significant for future results.

(c)    On ~$170 billion of average earning assets

(d)    Excluding commercial mortgage servicing fees, operating lease income and other leasing gains, other income, and net securities gains (losses)

(e)    Reflects the estimated full year taxable-equivalent adjustment.

We have also established the following medium-term targets reflecting expected run rates by the end of 2027:

(a)    Key is unable to provide a reconciliation of forward-looking non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly related GAAP financial measures due to the difficulty in forecasting when future amounts may occur. Such unavailable information could be significant for future results.

52

Table of contents

Results of Operations

Earnings Overview

The following chart provides a reconciliation of net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Key common shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2024, to the year ended December 31, 2025 (dollars in millions):

Net interest income

One of our principal sources of revenue is net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income received on earning assets (such as loans and securities) and loan-related fee income, and interest expense paid on deposits and borrowings. There are several factors that affect net interest income, including:

•the volume, pricing, mix, and maturity of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities;

•the volume and value of net free funds, such as noninterest-bearing deposits and equity capital;

•the use of derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk;

•interest rate fluctuations and competitive conditions within the marketplace;

•asset quality; and

•fair value accounting of acquired earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

To make it easier to compare both the results across several periods and the yields on various types of earning assets (some taxable, some not), we present net interest income in this discussion on a “TE basis” (i.e., as if all income were taxable and at the same rate). For example, $100 of tax-exempt income would be presented as $126, an amount that, if taxed at the statutory federal income tax rate of 21%, would yield $100.

53

Table of contents

Net interest income (TE) for 2025 was $4.7 billion, and the net interest margin was 2.69%. Compared to 2024, net interest income (TE) increased $861 million, and the net interest margin increased by 53 basis points. These increases primarily reflect lower interest-bearing deposit costs, the reinvestment of proceeds from maturing low-yielding investment securities, fixed-rate loans, and swaps into higher-yielding investments, and the repositioning of the available-for-sale portfolio during the second half of 2024, which involved the sale and reinvestment of approximately $10.0 billion of lower-yielding mortgaged-backed securities into higher-yielding investments. Additionally, the balance sheet composition shifted to reflect a more favorable mix of higher-yielding commercial and industrial loans, and an improved funding mix as lower-cost deposits increased while wholesale borrowings declined. These benefits were partially offset by the impact of lower interest rates on variable-rate earning assets.

Average loans totaled $105.7 billion for 2025, compared to $107.7 billion in 2024. The $2.1 billion decrease was driven by the intentional run-off of low-yielding consumer loans, which decreased $2.4 billion. Average commercial loans increased $380 million, primarily driven by a mix shift to commercial and industrial loans.

Average deposits totaled $149.3 billion for 2025, an increase of $3.1 billion compared to 2024, reflecting growth in consumer deposits.

Figure 1 shows the various components of our balance sheet that affect interest income and expense and their respective yields or rates over the past three years. This figure also presents a reconciliation of TE net interest income to net interest income reported in accordance with GAAP for each of those years. The net interest margin, which is an indicator of the profitability of our earning assets less the cost of funding, is calculated by dividing taxable-equivalent net interest income by average earning assets.

54

Table of contents

Figure 1. Consolidated Average Balance Sheets, Net Interest Income, and Yields/Rates and Components of Net Interest Income Changes from Continuing Operations(g)

(a)Results are from continuing operations. Interest excludes the interest associated with the liabilities referred to in (f) below, calculated using a matched funds transfer pricing methodology.

(b)Interest income on tax-exempt securities and loans has been adjusted to a taxable-equivalent basis using the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% in effect that calendar year.

(c)For purposes of these computations, nonaccrual loans are included in average loan balances.

(d)Commercial and industrial average loan balances include $214 million, $196 million, and $157 million of assets from commercial credit cards for the years ended December 31, 2025, December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(e)Yield presented is calculated on the basis of amortized cost excluding fair value hedge basis adjustments. The average amortized cost for securities available for sale was $42.9 billion and $42.2 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. Yield based on the fair value of securities available for sale was 3.99% and 3.08% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(f)A portion of long-term debt and the related interest expense is allocated to discontinued liabilities as a result of applying our matched funds transfer pricing methodology to discontinued operations.

(g)Average balances presented are based on daily average balances over the respective stated period.

55

Table of contents

Figure 2 shows how the changes in yields or rates and average balances from the prior year affected net interest income. The section entitled “Financial Condition” contains additional discussion about changes in earning assets and funding sources.

Figure 2. Components of Net Interest Income Changes from Continuing Operations

(a)The change in interest not due solely to volume or rate has been allocated in proportion to the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.

Provision for credit losses

Our provision for credit losses was a net charge of $471 million for 2025, compared to $335 million for 2024. The increase in our provision for credit losses was driven by reserve increases, partly offset by lower net charge-offs. The reserve build in 2025 was largely driven by elevated economic uncertainty and loan growth, both primarily impacting the commercial loan portfolio. This is in contrast to the reserve release in 2024 largely due to balance sheet optimization.

Noninterest income

Noninterest income for 2025 was $2.8 billion compared to $809 million inclusive of the $1.8 billion loss from the investment portfolio repositioning during 2024. Noninterest income represented 38% of total revenue for 2025 and 18% of total revenue for 2024.

56

Table of contents

The following discussion explains the composition of certain elements of our noninterest income and the factors that caused those elements to change.

Figure 3. Noninterest Income

Trust and investment services income

Trust and investment services income consists of brokerage commissions, trust and asset management fees, and insurance income. The assets under management or administration that primarily generate these revenues are shown in Figure 4. For 2025, trust and investment services income increased $34 million, or 6.1%. This was primarily due to an increase in investment management income and other fees associated with higher assets under management.

A significant portion of our trust and investment services income depends on the value and mix of assets under management. At December 31, 2025, our bank, trust, and registered investment advisory subsidiaries had assets under management or administration of $70.0 billion, compared to $61.4 billion at December 31, 2024. The increase from 2024 to 2025 was attributable to market activity and net new business.

Figure 4. Assets Under Management or Administration

Investment banking and debt placement fees

Investment banking and debt placement fees consist of syndication fees, debt and equity securities underwriting fees, merger and acquisition and debt placement advisor fees, gains on sales of commercial mortgages, and agency origination fees. For 2025, investment banking and debt placement fees increased $92 million, or 13.5%, from the prior year reflective of growth in syndication and commercial mortgage activity offset slightly by decreased merger and acquisitions fee activity.

Cards and payments income

Cards and payments income, which consists of debit card, prepaid card, consumer and commercial credit card, and merchant services income increased $6 million, or 1.8%, in 2025 compared to 2024, driven by an increase in merchant services income and credit card fees, slightly offset by an increase in credit card rewards.

57

Table of contents

Service charges on deposit accounts

Service charges on deposit accounts increased $34 million, or 13.0%, in 2025 compared to the prior year. This increase was driven by higher account analysis fees and lower fee waivers, offset slightly by a decrease in deposit maintenance fees.

Other noninterest income

Other noninterest income includes operating lease income and other leasing gains, corporate services income, corporate-owned life insurance income, consumer mortgage income, commercial mortgage servicing fees, net securities gains (losses), and other income. Other noninterest income increased $1.9 billion in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily attributable to approximately $1.8 billion in losses on the sales of securities available for sale as part of portfolio repositioning activity during the third and fourth quarters of 2024. Excluding the impact of the repositioning activity, other noninterest income increased $34 million, reflecting increases in commercial mortgage servicing fees and corporate services income, offset by declines in operating lease income and other leasing gains.

Noninterest expense

Noninterest expense for 2025 was $4.7 billion, compared to $4.5 billion for 2024. Figure 5 gives a breakdown of our major categories of noninterest expense as a percentage of total noninterest expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025.

The following discussion explains the composition of certain elements of our noninterest expense and the factors that caused those elements to change.

Figure 5. Noninterest Expense

Personnel

As shown in Figure 6, personnel expense, the largest category of our noninterest expense, increased by $203 million, or 7.5%, in 2025 compared to 2024. Overall activity for the year was driven by higher incentive compensation associated with noninterest income growth and continued investments in people.

Figure 6. Personnel Expense

(a)Excludes directors’ stock-based compensation of $5 million in 2025 and $4 million in 2024, reported as “other noninterest expense” in Figure 5.

N/M - Not meaningful

Non-personnel expense

In total, other non-personnel expense decreased $45 million, or 2.5%, in 2025 compared to 2024 primarily due to a $26 million decrease in the FDIC Special Assessment accrual within other expense and continued decreases in

58

Table of contents

operating lease expense, slightly offset by increases in computer processing and business services and professional fees expense.

Income taxes

We recorded a tax expense from continuing operations of $476 million for 2025, compared to tax benefit of $143 million for 2024. The effective tax rate, which is the provision for income taxes as a percentage of income from continuing operations before income taxes, was 20.7% for 2025 and 46.6% for 2024. The tax benefit recorded and increased effective tax rate for the 2024 year resulted primarily from the $1.8 billion loss on the sales of securities incurred as part of a strategic repositioning of our securities portfolio.

In 2025, our federal tax expense and effective tax rate differ from the amount that would be calculated using the federal statutory tax rate primarily due to investments in tax-advantaged assets, such as corporate-owned life insurance, and tax credits associated with low-income housing investments, and periodic adjustments to our tax reserves as described in Note 13 (“Income Taxes”).

Business Segment Results

This section summarizes the financial performance of our two major business segments (operating segments): Consumer Bank and Commercial Bank. Note 23 (“Business Segment Reporting”) describes the products and services offered by each of these business segments and provides more detailed financial information pertaining to the segments. Dollars in the charts are presented in millions.

Consumer Bank

Segment imperatives

•Execute a relationship-oriented growth strategy, which will enable us to grow (i) stable, low-cost deposits and (ii) valuable fee income streams, including wealth management and cards and payments

•Simplify our business to improve execution and efficiency while managing risk

•Meet the needs of our clients and communities in markets where we operate

Market and business overview

As the banking industry moves forward, so do our clients. Anticipating our clients’ needs not only today, but also for tomorrow and into the future, has become one of the biggest challenges for the banking industry. We view these challenges as an opportunity to help our current client base meet their own goals, as well as attract new and diverse clients. Key Consumer Bank’s focus on durable, long-term client relationships centered in core checking has been evident through the execution of our strategic priorities through focus areas such as developing a core Consumer relationship product suite and driving long-term deposits and fee income through new and enhanced products and services. Key continues to adapt to an increasingly digital world with an increased focus on client experience across our online banking channels. The advice our bankers provide, in combination with our products, services and digital platforms, place Key in a strong position to develop long-lasting and meaningful relationships with our current and prospective clients. Our goal is to help our clients move forward on their financial journeys and to be by their sides along the way.

59

Table of contents

Figure 7. Consumer Bank Summary of Operations

•Net income attributable to Key of $527 million in 2025, compared to $251 million in 2024, an increase of 110.0%, largely driven by favorable rates on deposits

•Taxable-equivalent net interest income increased in 2025 by $463 million, or 20.6%, from the prior year, due to favorable rates on deposits

•Average loans and leases decreased in 2025 by $3.0 billion, or 7.7%, from the prior year, driven by broad-based declines across all loan categories

•Average deposits increased in 2025 by $2.1 billion, or 2.4%, from the prior year, driven by growth in money market deposits

•Provision for credit losses increased $43 million in 2025 compared to the prior year, driven by increased economic uncertainty slightly offset by loan balance run-off.

•Noninterest income increased in 2025 by $33 million, or 3.6%, driven by increases in trust and investment services income

•Noninterest expense increased in 2025 by $88 million, or 3.2%, primarily reflective of increased personnel expenses, slightly offset by lower FDIC special assessment charges

Commercial Bank

Segment imperatives

•Solve complex client needs through a differentiated product set of banking and capital markets capabilities

•Drive targeted scale through distinct product capabilities delivered to a broad set of clients

•Utilize industry expertise and broad capabilities to build relationships with narrowly targeted client sets

60

Table of contents

Market and business overview

Building relationships and delivering complex solutions for middle market and larger clients requires a distinctive operating model that understands their business and can provide a broad set of product capabilities. As competition for these clients intensifies, we have positioned the business to maintain and grow our competitive advantage by building targeted scale in businesses and client segments. Strong market share in businesses such as real estate loan servicing and equipment finance highlights our ability to successfully meet customer needs through targeted scale in distinct product capabilities. Clients expect us to understand every aspect of their business. Our deep market expertise in multiple industry verticals and relationship-led approach allow us to recognize opportunities and deliver strategic financial solutions that align with our clients’ goals. Our business model is positioned to meet our client needs because our focus is not on being a universal bank, but rather being the right bank for our clients.

Figure 8. Commercial Bank Summary of Operations

•Net income attributable to Key of $1.4 billion in 2025, compared to $1.1 billion in 2024, an increase of 32.6%, largely driven by an increase in investment banking and debt placement fees and commercial mortgage servicing income, along with lower FDIC assessment charges

•Taxable equivalent net interest income increased in 2025 by $489 million, or 27.1%, from the prior year, due to favorable deposit costs

•Average loan and lease balances increased $909 million in 2025, or 1.3%, driven by an increase in commercial and industrial loans

•Average deposit balances increased $45 million in 2025, or 0.1%, driven by our focus on growing deposits across our commercial businesses

•Provision for credit losses increased $72 million in 2025 compared to the prior year, resulting from reserve builds due to changes in economic conditions and portfolio growth, partially offset by lower net charge-offs

•Noninterest income increased $116 million in 2025, or 7.1%, from the prior year, driven by growth in investment banking and debt placement fees and commercial mortgage servicing income

•Noninterest expense increased by $71 million in 2025, or 3.9%, from the prior year, primarily driven by higher personnel expense related to incentive compensation associated with noninterest income growth and continued investments in people, partially offset by decreases in FDIC special assessment charges and operating lease expenses

61

Table of contents

Financial Condition

Loans and loans held for sale

Figure 9 shows the composition of our loan portfolio at December 31 for each of the past two years.

Figure 9. Composition of Loans

(a)Loan balances include $205 million and $212 million, of commercial credit card balances at December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(b)Commercial lease financing includes receivables held as collateral for a secured borrowing of $1 million and $3 million at December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. Principal reductions are based on the cash payments received from these related receivables. Additional information pertaining to this secured borrowing is included in Note 17 (“Borrowings”).

(c)Total loans exclude loans of $205 million at December 31, 2025, and $257 million at December 31, 2024, related to the discontinued operations of the education lending business.

At December 31, 2025, total loans outstanding from continuing operations were $106.5 billion, compared to $104.3 billion at the end of 2024. At December 31, 2025, 67% of our loans were variable rate as compared to 63% at the end of 2024. For more information on balance sheet carrying value, see Note 1 (“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”) under the headings “Loans” and “Loans Held for Sale.”

Commercial loan portfolio

Commercial loans outstanding were $76.5 billion at December 31, 2025, an increase of $4.6 billion, or 6.4%, compared to December 31, 2024, primarily reflecting increases in commercial and industrial loans and commercial mortgage real estate loans.

Figure 10 provides our commercial loan portfolio by industry classification as of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

62

Table of contents

Figure 10. Commercial Loans by Industry

Commercial and industrial. Commercial and industrial loans are the largest component of our loan portfolio, representing 54% of our total loan portfolio at December 31, 2025, and 51% at December 31, 2024. This portfolio is approximately 92% variable rate and consists of loans primarily to large corporate, middle market, and small business clients.

Commercial and industrial loans totaled $57.7 billion at December 31, 2025, an increase of $4.8 billion, or 9.0%, compared to December 31, 2024. The increase was partly driven by increases in specialty finance lending within the finance industry classification. The finance industry classification is comprised primarily of finance companies, insurance companies, and leasing companies.

Commercial real estate loans. Our commercial real estate portfolio includes project loans primarily focused in market-rate and affordable multi-family housing loans, owner-occupied commercial and industrial operating company buildings, and community center grocer-anchored retail centers. These three commercial real estate segments make up 70% of our commercial real estate portfolio. Our non-owner-occupied portfolio is focused on operators of commercial real estate who not only utilize our loan products, but also utilize our broader industry-focused products and services and provide consistent pipelines into our agency, CMBS, and other long-term market take out products. This focus ensures our relationship clients foster and build portfolios with stable, recurring cash flows, with adequate, balanced cash reserves to support our balance sheet exposures through the economic cycle.

At December 31, 2025, commercial real estate loans totaled $16.6 billion, which includes $13.7 billion of mortgage loans and $2.8 billion of construction loans. Compared to December 31, 2024, this portfolio increased $305 million or 1.9%. Nonowner-occupied properties, generally properties for which at least 50% of the debt service is provided

63

Table of contents

by rental income from nonaffiliated third parties, represented 81% of total commercial real estate loans outstanding at December 31, 2025

Our construction loans constitute 17% of commercial real estate loans as of December 31, 2025 compared to 18% as of December 31, 2024. Construction loans provide a stream of funding for properties not fully leased at origination to support debt service payments over the term of the contract or project. As of December 31, 2025, 76% of our construction portfolio are multi-family project loans. Our office exposure only represents 4% of commercial real estate loans at period end.

As shown in Figure 11, our commercial real estate loan portfolio includes various property types and geographic locations of the underlying collateral. These loans include commercial mortgage and construction loans in both Consumer Bank and Commercial Bank.

64

Table of contents

Figure 11. Commercial Real Estate Loans

Consumer loan portfolio

Consumer loans outstanding at December 31, 2025, totaled $30.0 billion, a decrease of $2.3 billion, or 7.2%, from one year ago. The decrease was driven by declines across all consumer loan categories reflective of the intentional run-off of low-yielding loans, primarily consumer mortgages, and our focus on originating salable loans.

The residential mortgage portfolio is comprised of loans originated by our Consumer Bank and is the largest segment of our consumer loan portfolio as of December 31, 2025, representing approximately 62% of consumer loans. This is followed by our home equity portfolio comprising approximately 19% of consumer loans outstanding at year end.

65

Table of contents

We held the first lien position for approximately 63% of the home equity portfolio at December 31, 2025, and 65% at December 31, 2024. For loans with real estate collateral, we track borrower performance monthly. Regardless of the lien position, credit metrics are refreshed quarterly, including recent FICO scores as well as updated loan-to-value ratios. This information is used in establishing the ALLL. Our methodology is described in Note 1 (“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”) under the heading “Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses”.

Figure 12 presents our consumer loans by geography.

Figure 12. Consumer Loans by State

66

Table of contents

Loan sales

As shown in Figure 13, during 2025, we sold $10.1 billion of our loans. Sales of loans classified as held for sale generated net gains of $147 million during 2025.

Figure 13 summarizes our loan sales during 2025 and 2024.

Figure 13. Loans Sold (Including Loans Held for Sale)

Figure 14 shows loans that are either administered or serviced by us but not recorded on the balance sheet; this includes loans that were sold.

Figure 14. Loans Administered or Serviced

In the event of default by a borrower, we are subject to recourse with respect to approximately $8.2 billion of the $580.8 billion of loans administered or serviced at December 31, 2025. These are primarily associated with commercial real estate loans administered or serviced. Additional information about this recourse arrangement is included in Note 19 (“Commitments, Contingent Liabilities, and Guarantees”) under the heading “Recourse agreement with FNMA.”

We derive income from several sources when retaining the right to administer or service loans that are sold. We earn noninterest income (recorded as “Consumer mortgage income” and “Commercial mortgage servicing fees”) from fees for servicing or administering loans. This fee income is reduced by the amortization of related servicing assets. In addition, we earn interest income from investing funds generated by escrow deposits collected in connection with the servicing loans. Additional information about our mortgage servicing assets is included in Note 8 (“Mortgage Servicing Assets”).

67

Table of contents

Maturities and sensitivity of certain loans to changes in interest rates

Figure 15 shows the remaining maturities of our loan portfolio and the sensitivity of certain loans to changes in interest rates as of December 31, 2025.

Figure 15. Remaining Maturities and Sensitivity of Certain Loans to Changes in Interest Rates(a)