JACOBS SOLUTIONS INC. (J)

Item 2.        Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

General

The purpose of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is to provide a narrative analysis explaining the reasons for material changes in the Company’s (i) financial condition from the most recent fiscal year-end to June 26, 2026 and (ii) results of operations during the current fiscal period(s) as compared to the corresponding period(s) of the preceding fiscal year. In order to better understand such changes, readers of this MD&A should also read:

•The discussion of the critical and significant accounting policies used by the Company in preparing its consolidated financial statements. The most current discussion of our critical accounting policies appears in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our 2025 Form 10-K, and the most current discussion of our significant accounting policies appears in Note 2- Significant Accounting Polices in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2025 Form 10-K;

•The Company’s fiscal 2025 audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2025 Form 10-K; and

•Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our 2025 Form 10-K.

In addition to historical information, this MD&A and other parts of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are statements that do not directly relate to any historical or current fact. When used herein, words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “plans,” “intends,” “future,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “can,” “may,” "target," "goal" and similar words are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements we make concerning the financial condition and results of operations and our expectations as to our trajectory and momentum and future growth, prospects, financial outlook and business strategy and any assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Although such statements are based on management’s current estimates and expectations, and/or currently available competitive, financial, and economic data, forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain, and you should not place undue reliance on such statements as actual results may differ materially. We caution the reader that there are a variety of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from what is contained, projected or implied by our forward-looking statements. Such factors include but are not limited to:

•general economic conditions, including inflation and the actions taken by monetary authorities in response to inflation, changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, changes in capital markets and stock market volatility, instability in the banking industry, labor shortages, or the impact of a possible recession or economic downturn or changes to monetary or fiscal policies or priorities in the U.S. and the countries where we do business on our results, prospects and opportunities;

•competition from existing and future competitors in our target markets, as well as the possible reduction in demand for certain of our product solutions and services, including delays in the timing of the award of projects or reduction in funding, or the abandonment of ongoing or anticipated projects due to the financial condition of our clients and suppliers or due to governmental budget constraints or changes to governmental budgetary priorities, or the inability of our clients to meet their payment obligations in a timely manner or at all;

•our ability to fully execute on our corporate strategy, including the impact of acquisitions (including the PA Consulting Transaction (as hereinafter defined), strategic alliances, divestitures, and other strategic events resulting from evolving business strategies, including on our ability to maintain our culture and retain key personnel, customers or suppliers, or our ability to achieve the cost-savings and synergies contemplated by our recent acquisitions within the expected time frames or to achieve them fully and to successfully integrate acquired businesses while retaining key personnel, and our ability to invest in and effectively deploy and use the tools, technologies and capabilities needed to implement our strategy, including artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies, and to manage the operational, legal, regulatory, cybersecurity, data privacy and reputational risks associated with the use of such technologies;

•financial market risks that may affect us, including by affecting our access to capital, the cost of such capital and/or our funding obligations under defined benefit pension and post-retirement plans;

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•legislative changes, including potential changes to the amounts provided for under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, as well as other legislation and executive orders, including any directive to federal agencies to reduce federal spending or the size of the federal workforce, and changes in U.S. or foreign tax laws, including the OBBBA, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances, including the impact of, and changes to, tariffs and retaliatory tariffs or trade policies that may adversely impact our future financial position or results of operations;

•increased geopolitical uncertainty and risks, including policy risks and potential civil unrest, relating to the outcome of elections across our key markets and elevated geopolitical tension and conflicts, including the Russia-Ukraine conflict and on-going, escalated and/or future tensions and conflicts in the Middle East, among others; and

•the impact of any pandemic, and any resulting economic downturn on our results, prospects and opportunities, measures or restrictions imposed by governments and health officials in response to the pandemic, as well as the inability of governments in certain of the countries in which we operate to effectively mitigate the financial or other impacts of any future pandemics or infectious disease outbreaks on their economies and workforces and our operations therein.

The foregoing factors and potential future developments are inherently uncertain, unpredictable and, in many cases, beyond our control. For a description of these and additional factors that may occur that could cause actual results to differ from our forward-looking statements, see the Company’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including in particular the discussions contained in our fiscal 2025 Form 10-K under Item 1 - Business, Item 1A - Risk Factors, Item 3 - Legal Proceedings, and Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations; and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q under Part I, Item 2 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Part II, Item 1 - Legal Proceedings and Item 1A - Risk Factors. We undertake no obligation to release publicly any revisions or updates to any forward-looking statements. We encourage you to read carefully the risk factors, as well as the financial and business disclosures contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in other documents we file from time to time with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC").

Business Overview

At Jacobs, our values and our brand promise — Challenging today. Reinventing tomorrow — drive us to deliver innovative solutions and sustainable outcomes for the world’s most complex challenges.

With a global team of approximately 47,000, we provide end-to-end capabilities across advanced manufacturing, cities & places, energy, environmental, life sciences, transportation and water. Our services span strategy and advisory, feasibility and planning, design, program delivery and lifecycle management — helping create a more connected and sustainable world.

Together we transform advanced manufacturing and life sciences facilities, reimagine transportation networks, secure water and energy systems, and shape the environments where people live and work. By combining strategic advisory, digital innovation and delivery expertise, we help clients solve today's most urgent challenges while preparing for tomorrow's opportunities.

Over the past eight years, Jacobs has transformed into a science-based consulting and advisory leader, delivering digitally enabled, resilient solutions to complex sustainability, critical infrastructure and advanced manufacturing challenges. Strategic acquisitions, including PA Consulting Group Limited ("PA Consulting"), along with the digital and data business solutions acquired with the BlackLynx and StreetLight acquisitions — have strengthened our capabilities in high-value technology-enabled solutions.

In February 2025, we launched Challenge Accepted, our multi-year growth strategy designed to sharpen focus and accelerate our performance. Aligned with our long-term financial framework, this strategy positions us to drive profitable growth and deliver scalable, full lifecycle solutions across water and environmental, life sciences and advanced manufacturing, and critical infrastructure.

As global challenges, including urbanization, infrastructure modernization, digital transformation and environmental resilience, intensify, we bring together strategy, innovation and delivery across our end markets to help clients solve increasingly complex challenges. This connected approach enables scalable execution, enhances resilience and helps clients adapt to evolving needs.

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We harness data, digital platforms and artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled solutions to help clients operate more efficiently, safely and intelligently. Through the expertise of our people and continued investment in AI and next-generation technologies, we empower our clients' decision-making across the asset lifecycle — from planning and design to operations, cybersecurity and operational technology. Our capabilities in data analytics, digital architecture, advisory and transformation, software development and cybersecurity enable clients to unlock greater value from their digital infrastructure while improving resilience and performance.

In March 2026, we acquired full ownership of PA Consulting. Full ownership of PA Consulting strengthens our position as a comprehensive partner delivering integrated advisory and technology-enabled solutions at global scale. By bringing together strategy, digital innovation and major program delivery, we are better positioned to support clients across the full project lifecycle — from early-stage strategy to implementation — enabling them to address complex challenges with greater speed, capital efficiency and confidence.

Operating Segments

The services we provide to our end markets fall into the following two operating segments: 1) Infrastructure & Advanced Facilities and 2) PA Consulting. For additional information regarding our segments, including information about our financial results by segment and financial results by geography, see Note 18- Segment Information and Note 5- Revenue Accounting for Contracts of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Infrastructure & Advanced Facilities (I&AF)

Jacobs' Infrastructure & Advanced Facilities operating segment provides integrated, end-to-end solutions for our clients’ most complex challenges across advanced manufacturing, cities & places, digital infrastructure, energy, environmental, life sciences, transportation and water. We combine deep expertise in Water & Environmental, Life Sciences & Advanced Manufa

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Item 7.    MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

In order to better understand the changes that occur to key elements of our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, a reader of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be aware of the critical accounting policies we apply in preparing our consolidated financial statements.

The consolidated financial statements contained in this report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and the financial statements of any business performing long-term professional services, engineering and construction-type contracts requires management to make certain estimates and judgments that affect both the entity’s results of operations and the carrying values of its assets and liabilities. Although our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2- Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the following discussion is intended to highlight and describe those accounting policies that are especially critical to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Accounting for Contracts

The Company recognizes engineering, procurement, and construction contract revenue over time, as performance obligations are satisfied, due to the continuous transfer of control to the customer in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Contracts that include engineering, procurement and construction services are generally accounted for as a single deliverable (a single performance obligation). In some instances, the Company’s services associated with a construction activity are limited only to specific tasks such as customer support, consulting or supervisory services. In these instances, the services are typically identified as separate performance obligations.

The Company recognizes revenue using the percentage-of-completion method, based primarily on contract costs incurred to date compared to total estimated contract costs. Estimated contract costs include the Company’s latest estimates using judgments with respect to labor hours and costs, materials, and subcontractor costs. The percentage-of-completion method (an input method) is the most representative depiction of the Company’s performance because it directly measures the value of the services transferred to the customer. Subcontractor materials, labor and equipment and, in certain cases, customer-furnished materials and labor and equipment are included in revenue and cost of revenue when management believes that the company is acting as a principal rather than as an agent (e.g., the Company integrates the materials, labor and equipment into the deliverables promised to the customer or is otherwise primarily responsible for fulfillment and acceptability of the materials, labor and/or equipment). Under the typical payment terms of our engineering, procurement and construction contracts, amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms at periodic intervals (e.g., biweekly or monthly) and customer payments are typically due within 30 to 60 days of billing, depending on the contract.

For service contracts, the Company recognizes revenue over time using the cost-to-cost percentage-of-completion method. In some instances where the Company is standing ready to provide services, the Company recognizes revenue ratably over the service period. When the Company has operations and maintenance or secondment contracts that do not contain variable consideration or have significant timing differences between cash payment and performance, the practical expedient method is applied for revenue recognition. Under the typical payment terms of our service contracts, amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, and customer payments are typically due within 30 to 60 days of billing, depending on the contract.

Direct cost of contracts include all costs incurred in connection with and directly for the benefit of client contracts, including depreciation and amortization relating to assets used in providing the services required by the related projects. The level of direct cost of contracts may fluctuate between reporting periods due to a variety of factors, including the amount of pass-through costs we incur during a period. On those projects where we are acting as principal for subcontract labor or third-party materials and equipment, we reflect the amounts of such items in both revenues and costs (and we refer to such costs as “pass-through costs”).

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Accounting for Pension Plans

The accounting for pension plans requires the use of assumptions and estimates in order to calculate periodic pension cost and the value of the plans’ assets and liabilities. These assumptions include discount rates, investment returns, and projected salary increases, among others. The actuarial assumptions used in determining the funded status of the respective plans are provided in Note 13- Pension and Other Post Retirement Benefit Plans of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The expected rates of return on plan assets ranged from 4.6% to 7.8% for fiscal 2025 and range from 4.0% to 8.2% for fiscal 2026. We believe the range of rates selected for fiscal 2026 reflects the long-term returns expected on the plans’ assets, considering recent market conditions, projected rates of inflation, the diversification of the plans’ assets, and the expected real rates of market returns. The discount rates used to compute plan liabilities ranged from 3.4% 7.0% in fiscal 2025 and range from 3.2% to 6.0% in fiscal 2026. These assumptions represent the Company’s best estimate of the rates at which its pension obligations could be effectively settled.

Changes in the actuarial assumptions often have a material effect on the values assigned to plan assets and liabilities, and the associated pension expense. For example, if the discount rate used to value the net pension benefit obligation (“PBO”) at September 26, 2025 was lower or higher by 1.0%, the PBO would have been higher or lower, respectively, at that date by approximately $139.1 million for non-U.S. plans, and by approximately $19.5 million for U.S. plans. If the expected return on plan assets was lower or higher by 1.0%, the net periodic pension cost for fiscal 2025 would be higher or lower, respectively, by approximately $13.1 million for non-U.S. plans, and by approximately $2.7 million for U.S. plans. Differences between actuarial assumptions and actual performance (i.e., actuarial gains and losses) that are not recognized as a component of net periodic pension cost in the period in which such differences arise are recorded to accumulated other comprehensive loss and are recognized as part of net periodic pension cost in future periods in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Management monitors trends in the marketplace within which our pension plans operate in an effort to assure the reasonableness of the actuarial assumptions used.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

In connection with the PA Consulting investment in March 2021, the Company recorded redeemable noncontrolling interests, representing the interest holders' initial 35% equity interest in the form of preferred and common shares of PA Consulting. The preferred shares are entitled to a cumulative annual compounding 12% dividend based on the outstanding preferred share subscription price. These noncontrolling interest holders have certain option rights to put the preferred and common share interests back to the Company at a value based on the fair value of PA Consulting (the redemption values). The primary inputs and assumptions impacting the fair value of PA Consulting include projections of revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization and discount rates applied thereto. Additionally, the Company has an option to call the interests for certain individual shareholders in certain circumstances. Because the interests are redeemable at the option of the holders and not solely within the control of the Company, the Company has classified the interests in redeemable noncontrolling interests in the mezzanine section of its Consolidated Balance Sheet at their redemption values. The optional redemption features may become exercisable no earlier than five years from the March 2, 2021 closing date, or upon the occurrence of certain other events.

The Company has deemed these interests probable of becoming redeemable in the future and requiring their measurement at the greater of (i) the redemption amount that would be paid if settlement occurred at the balance sheet date, or (ii) the historical value resulting from the original acquisition date fair value plus the impact of any earnings or loss attribution amounts, including dividends. The fair value of the PA Consulting redeemable noncontrolling interest is determined using a combination of the income and market approaches. Under the income approach, fair value is determined by using the projected discounted cash flows of PA Consulting. Under the market approach, the fair value is determined by reference to guideline companies that are reasonably comparable to PA Consulting, with the fair value estimated based on those companies' valuation multiples of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.

Litigation, Investigations, and Insurance

In the normal course of business, we make contractual commitments, and on occasion we are a party in litigation or arbitration proceedings. The litigation in which we are involved primarily includes personal injury claims, professional liability claims, and breach of contract claims. We are also routinely subject to investigations and audits.

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We maintain insurance coverage for most insurable aspects of our business and operations. Our insurance programs have varying coverage limits depending upon the type of insurance and include certain conditions and exclusions which insurance companies may raise in response to any claim that the Company brings. We have also elected to retain a portion of certain losses, claims and liabilities that occur through the use of various deductibles, limits, and retentions under our insurance programs and utilize a number of internal financing mechanisms for these self-insurance arrangements including the operation of certain captive insurance entities. As a result, we may be subject to a future liability for which we are only partially insured or completely uninsured. We intend to mitigate any such future liability by continuing to exercise prudent business judgment in negotiating the terms and conditions of the contracts which the Company enters with its clients. Our insurers are also subject to business risk and, as a result, one or more of them may be unable to fulfill their insurance obligations due to insolvency or otherwise.

Our Consolidated Balance Sheets include amounts representing our probable estimated liability relating to such claims, litigation, audits, and investigations. Our estimates of probable liabilities require us to make assumptions related to potential losses regarding our determination of amounts considered probable and estimable.

The Company believes, after consultation with counsel, that such litigation, U.S. government contract-related audits, investigations and claims, and income tax audits and investigations should not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements, beyond amounts currently accrued.

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JACOBS SOLUTIONS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

For th

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