TERADYNE, INC (TER)

Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q which are not historical facts, so called “forward-looking statements,” are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Investors are cautioned that all forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including those detailed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. See also Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements which reflect management’s analysis only as of the date hereof. We assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect actual results or changes in factors or assumptions affecting forward-looking statements, except as may be required by law.

Overview

We are a leading global provider of automated test equipment and robotics products. Our automated test systems are used to test semiconductors, wireless products, data storage, silicon photonics, and complex electronics systems in many industries including consumer electronics, automotive, industrial, computing, communications, and defense and aerospace industries. Our robotics product offerings consist primarily of collaborative robotic arms and autonomous mobile robots used by global manufacturing, logistics and industrial customers to improve quality and increase manufacturing and material handling efficiency, while reducing costs. Our automated test equipment and robotics products and services include:

•
semiconductor test (“Semiconductor Test”) systems and instruments;

•
product test ("Product Test") systems and instruments; and

•
robotics (“Robotics”) products.

The market for our test products is concentrated with a limited number of significant customers accounting for a substantial portion of the purchases of test equipment. A few customers drive significant demand for our products both through direct sales and sales to the customer’s supply partners. We expect that sales of our test products will continue to be concentrated with a limited number of significant customers for the foreseeable future.

For the second consecutive quarter, our Semiconductor Test segment revenue, driven primarily by sustained demand in Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) applications across both compute and memory markets, hit a new record high. Continued investment by hyperscalers, vertically integrated producers, and customers in AI data center infrastructure supported the robust compute market revenue. In memory, revenue exceeded $200 million for the third consecutive quarter, reflecting strong demand for high bandwidth memory (“HBM”) and DRAM test solutions supporting AI compute deployments, as well as renewed demand for NAND final test applications. Strong Robotics revenue of $100 million, marked the fifth consecutive quarter of sequential growth, driven primarily by demand from electronics manufacturing and semiconductor customers, which has become the segment's largest end-market. Within Product Test Group, revenue increased 26% year over year and 33% sequentially, reflecting broad-based growth across multiple markets and applications. The current quarter record performance is the result of prior investments and our current strategy and execution model. Looking ahead, we see significant future opportunities, and we are committed to judicious additional investments today, which we believe are required to continue growing our business in 2027.

On April 8, 2026, we and HTP Holding SAL (“MultiLane”) formed a joint venture, MultiLane Test Products Holding LLP (“MLTP”), to which MultiLane contributed the assets of its test and measurement business. We obtained a controlling 75% ownership interest in MLTP, which is expected to serve the growing demand from the AI Data Center equipment market by accelerating the development of test solutions for critical high speed data connections. The purchase price of MLTP was approximately $157.8 million, subject to customary post-closing adjustments, and the results will be included in our Product Test Segment.

Our capital allocation plan will continue to be balanced between investing in organic and inorganic growth and returning cash to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends. During the first six months of 2026, the aggregate cash consideration paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired, totaled $165.6 million, primarily due to the acquisition of a controlling interest in MLTP. Additionally, we returned a combined $114.9 million to shareholders through $74.2 million of share buybacks and $40.7 million of dividend payments.

Government Regulations

We are subject to numerous U.S. and foreign laws and regulations, including, without limitation, tariffs, trade sanctions, trade barriers, trade embargoes, regulations relating to import-export control, technology transfer restrictions, and other laws and regulations. However, our trade compliance program may not identify or prevent all potential violations, and gaps in our program

29

could be discovered, possibly resulting in fines, penalties, or other sanctions as a result. Additionally, U.S. and foreign governmental authorities have taken, and may continue to take, administrative, legislative or regulatory action that could impact our operations. We believe that our operations are in material compliance with applicable trade regulations. The costs we incurred in complying with applicable trade regulations for the six months ended June 28, 2026 were not material, however, compliance with these laws has limited our ability to compete in certain regions. It is possible that future developments, including changes in laws and regulations or government policies, could lead to material costs, and such costs may have a material adverse effect on our future business or prospects.

We have paid certain tariffs on imported products under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (“IEEPA”) since the inception of the IEEPA tariffs in 2025. On April 20, 2026, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) began accepting refund claims related to these tariffs. During the quarter ended June 28, 2026, we began receiving refunds, which did not have a material impact to our financial position or results of operations. We continue to monitor the situation, and we do not expect that any further refunds received will have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

For information regarding risks associated with import-export control regulations and similar applicable laws and regulations, see Part II - Item 1A “Risk Factors- Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Compliance” included elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We have identified the policies which are critical to understanding our business and our results of operations. There have been no significant changes during the six months ended June 28, 2026, to the items disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

Critical accounting estimates are complex and may require significant judgment by management. Changes to the underlying assumptions may have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Preparation of Financial Statements and Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

30

SELECTED RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

31

Results of Operations

Second Quarter 2026 Compared to Second Quarter 2025

Revenues

Revenues by our reportable segments were as follows:

The increase in Semiconductor Test revenues of $629.9 million, or 128.1%, was driven primarily by higher sales in compute and memory related to artificial intelligence applications. The increase in Product Test revenues of $22.1 million, or 26.0%, was driven by increased AI-related demand, combined with growth in Defense and Aerospace. The increase in Robotics revenues of $25.0 million, or 33.4%, was primarily due to higher sales of collaborative robotic arms and autonomous mobile robots.

Revenues by country as a percentage of total revenues were as follows (1):

[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]

Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

We are a leading global provider of automated test equipment and robotics products. Our automated test systems are used to test semiconductors, wireless products, data storage, silicon photonics, and complex electronics systems in many industries including consumer electronics, wireless, automotive, industrial, computing, communications, and aerospace and defense industries. Our robotics product offerings consist primarily of collaborative robotic arms and autonomous mobile robots used by global manufacturing, logistics and industrial customers to improve quality and increase manufacturing and material handling efficiency, while reducing costs. In the first quarter of 2025, we identified opportunities for operational synergies amongst our production board test, defense and aerospace, and wireless test businesses leading to the creation of the Product Test division as a new segment effective March 2025. Our automated test equipment and robotics products and services include:

•
semiconductor test (“Semiconductor Test”) systems;

•
robotics (“Robotics”) products; and

•
product test (“Product Test”) systems, which includes circuit-board test and inspection systems, wireless test systems photonic integrated circuit (“PIC”) test solutions, and defense and aerospace test instrumentation and systems.

The market for our test products is concentrated with a limited number of significant customers accounting for a substantial portion of the purchases of test equipment. A few customers drive sizable demand for our offerings both through direct sales and sales to the customer’s supply partners. We expect that sales of our test products will continue to be concentrated with a limited number of major customers for the foreseeable future.

In 2025, our Semiconductor Test segment achieved considerable growth driven by robust demand from Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) applications in networking and with vertically integrated producer (“VIP”) compute solutions. Memory test revenue remained stable despite a smaller overall market, supported by share gains in high bandwidth memory (“HBM”) and DRAM final test applications. The Semiconductor Test segment’s strategic shift toward AI-driven semiconductor testing resulted in AI related customer demand driving the majority of our revenue in the second half of 2025. Looking ahead to 2026, we expect AI related customer demand to continue to represent the bulk of our revenues in the first quarter. Our results reflect our focused investments in AI applications and VIP customers, with benefits from these initiatives materializing throughout 2025 and expected to continue in 2026. In the Product Test Group, we also achieved revenue growth in 2025, bolstered primarily by strength in defense and aerospace applications.

In our Robotics segment, the fourth quarter of 2025 represented the third consecutive quarter of sequential revenue growth. During the year, we aimed at strategic partnerships with original equipment manufacturers, systems integrators, and large enterprise accounts, concentrating on high-growth verticals such as ecommerce, logistics, semiconductor, and electronics. At the same time, we also reduced costs through restructuring activities designed to better position the Robotics organization for future success.

On January 29, 2026, we and MultiLane, a leading high-speed input/output (“I/O”) test and measurement company, announced an agreement to form a joint venture, MultiLane Test Products (“MLTP”). MLTP is being created to serve the growing demand from the AI Data Center equipment market by accelerating the development of test solutions for critical high speed data connections. Under the agreement, MultiLane will contribute all the assets related to its test and measurement business to the joint venture and we will invest approximately $157 million in exchange for 75% ownership of MLTP. This transaction is expected to close in the first half of 2026 and is subject to customary closing conditions.

On May 31, 2025, we acquired privately held Quantifi Photonics (“Quantifi”), a leader in PIC test solutions for a total purchase price of $127.2 million. This acquisition enables the delivery of scalable PIC test solutions and is included in our Product Test segment. Over time, we also intend to leverage the engineering expertise and technology to enhance functionality and create additional differentiation in our Semiconductor Test business, specifically with integration into our UltraFlexplus platform.

On January 31, 2025, we acquired Infineon Technologies AG's (“Infineon”) automated test equipment technology and associated development team (“AET”) based in Regensburg, Germany for a total purchase price of 17.6 million Euros, equivalent to $18.3 million. AET adds resources and expertise to our company and strengthens the relationship between us and this key customer. AET is included in our Semiconductor Test segment.

While revenues in our test businesses are predominantly in U.S. dollars, the majority of our Robotics revenue is denominated in foreign currencies. Strengthening of the U.S. dollar has, and will continue to, negatively affect Robotics revenue in 2025 and 2026, respectively.

24

Table of Contents

Our capital allocation plan will continue to be focused on investing in organic and inorganic growth and returning cash to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends. During 2025, we completed the acquisitions of Quantifi and AET and additionally, we returned $778.4 million to shareholders through $702.1 million of share buybacks and $76.3 million of dividend payments.

Government Regulations

We are subject to numerous U.S. and foreign laws and regulations, including, without limitation, tariffs, trade sanctions, trade barriers, trade embargoes, regulations relating to import-export control, technology transfer restrictions, and other laws and regulations. Additionally, U.S. and foreign governmental authorities have taken, and may continue to take, administrative, legislative or regulatory action that could impact our operations. We believe that our operations are in material compliance with applicable trade regulations. The costs we incurred in complying with applicable trade regulations for the year ended December 31, 2025 were not material, however, compliance with these laws has limited our ability to compete in certain regions. It is possible that future developments, including changes in laws and regulations or government policies, could lead to material costs, and such costs may have an material adverse effect on our future business or prospects.

For information regarding risks associated with import-export control regulations and similar applicable laws and regulations, see Part II - Item 1A “Risk Factors- Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Compliance” included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We have identified the policies and estimates discussed below as critical to understanding our business and our results of operations and financial condition. The impact and any associated risks related to these estimates on our business operations is discussed throughout Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations where such policies affect our reported and expected financial results. For a full description of our accounting policies related to the below items refer to Note B: “Accounting Policies”, included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.

Critical accounting estimates are complex and may require significant judgment by management. Changes to the underlying assumptions may have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. These estimates may change, as new events occur, and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Revenue Recognition

In accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”), we recognize revenues, when or as control is transferred to a customer. Our determination of revenue requires judgment in the determination of performance obligations and allocation of the transaction price to performance obligations. We often sell bundled orders that include both product and services or multiple different products within the same order. We evaluate each of the deliverables to determine if it meets the definition of a performance obligation, which requires that it is capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract. This determination is based on an assessment of contractual rights of the contract and the ability of the performance obligation to perform on its own or with readily available resources. In bundled transactions, we estimate the standalone selling price of each identified performance obligation and use that estimate to allocate the transaction price among said performance obligations. The estimated standalone selling price is determined using all information reasonably available to us, including standalone transactions, market information and other observable inputs.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost using a standard costing system which approximates cost based on a first-in, first-out basis or net realizable value. On a quarterly basis, we evaluate all inventories for net realizable value. This quarterly process identifies obsolete and excess inventory. Obsolete inventory, which represents items for which there is no demand, is fully reserved. Excess inventory, which represents inventory items that are not expected to be consumed within the forecasted demand window, is written down to estimated net realizable value. Forecasted demand information is obtained from the sales and marketing groups and incorporates factors such as backlog and future revenues. The demand forecast is based on assumptions around the product life and customer and market expectations.

Retirement and Postretirement Plans

We recognize net actuarial gains and losses and the change in the fair value of the plan assets in our operating results in the year in which they occur or upon any interim remeasurement of the plans. Discount rate and expected return on assets are two assumptions

25

Table of Contents

which are important elements of pension plan expense and asset/liability measurement. We evaluate our discount rate and expected rate of return on assets assumptions annually on a plan and country specific basis. We evaluate other assumptions related to demographic factors, such as retirement age, mortality and turnover periodically, and update them to reflect our experience and expectations for the future.

In developing the expected return on U.S. Qualified Pension Plan (“U.S. Plan”) assets assumption, we evaluated input from our investment manager and pension consultants, including their forecast of asset class return expectations. We believe that 5.05% was an appropriate rate of return on assets to use for 2025. The December 31, 2025, asset allocation for our U.S. Plan was 94% invested in fixed income securities, 5% invested in equity securities, and 1% invested in other securities. Our investment manager regularly reviews the actual asset allocation and periodically rebalances the portfolio to ensure alignment with our target allocations.

The discount rate that we utilized for determining future pension obligations for the U.S. Plan is based on the FTSE Pension Index adjusted for the U.S. Plan’s expected cash flows and was 5.30% at December 31, 2025, down from 5.45% at December 31, 2024. We estimate that in 2026 we will recognize approximately $0.1 million of pension income for the U.S. Plan. The U.S. Plan pension income estimate for 2026 is based on a 5.30% discount rate and a 5.10% return on assets. Future pensio

[Excerpt truncated for page length; the complete text is on the linked full-MD&A page.]