TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC (TXN)

ITEM 2. Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations

Overview

We design and manufacture semiconductors that we sell to electronics designers and manufacturers all over the world. Technology is the foundation of our company, but ultimately, our objective and the best metric for owners to measure our progress is through the growth of free cash flow per share over the long term.

Our strategy to maximize long-term free cash flow per share growth has three elements:

1.A great business model that is focused on analog and embedded processing products and built around four sustainable competitive advantages. The four sustainable competitive advantages are powerful in combination and provide tangible benefits:

(a)A strong foundation of manufacturing and technology that provides lower costs and greater control of our supply chain.

(b)A broad portfolio of analog and embedded processing products that offers more opportunity per customer and more value for our investments.

(c)The reach of our market channels that gives access to more customers and more of their design projects, leading to better insight and knowledge of customer needs and the opportunity to sell more of our products into each design.

(d)Diversity and longevity of our products, markets and customer positions that provide less single point dependency and longer returns on our investments.

Together, these competitive advantages help position TI in a unique class of companies capable of generating and returning significant amounts of cash for our owners. We make our investments with an eye towards long-term strengthening and leveraging of these advantages.

2.Discipline in allocating capital to the best opportunities. This spans how we select R&D projects, develop new capabilities, invest in manufacturing capacity or how we think about acquisitions and returning cash to our owners.

3.Efficiency, which means constantly striving for more output for every dollar spent.

We believe that our business model with the combined effect of our four competitive advantages sets TI apart from our peers and will for a long time to come. We will invest to strengthen our competitive advantages, be disciplined in capital allocation and stay diligent in our pursuit of efficiencies. Finally, we will remain focused on the belief that long-term growth of free cash flow per share is the ultimate measure to generate value.

Market and business characteristics

Markets for our products

The markets for our products are industrial, automotive, data center, personal electronics and communications equipment. See our 2025 Form 10-K for more information.

Semiconductor cycle

The semiconductor cycle refers to the ebb and flow of supply and demand and the building and depleting of inventories. It has been characterized by periods of tight supply caused by strengthening demand and/or insufficient manufacturing capacity, followed by periods of surplus inventory caused by weakening demand and/or excess manufacturing capacity. These are typically referred to as upturns and downturns in the semiconductor cycle. Semiconductor cycles are affected by the significant time and money required to build and maintain semiconductor manufacturing facilities.

Seasonality

Our revenue is subject to some seasonal variation. Historically, our sequential revenue growth rate tends to be weaker in the first and fourth quarters when compared with the second and third quarters.

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Manufacturing

We invest to make manufacturing and technology a core competitive advantage. The strategic decision to own our manufacturing, process and packaging technology provides us with tangible benefits of lower manufacturing costs and greater control of our supply chain and provides our customers with geopolitically dependable capacity. We own and operate both wafer fabrication and assembly/test facilities in North America, Asia, Japan and Europe. We have focused on creating a competitive structural cost advantage by investing in our 300mm wafer production, which describes the diameter of the wafer on which our chips are produced, and costs about 40% less than a chip built on a 200mm wafer. In addition, we selectively use capacity of outside suppliers, commonly known as foundries and subcontractors.

We continue to invest to strengthen our competitive advantage in manufacturing and technology as part of our long-term capacity plan. We have invested in manufacturing capacity to support customer demand, enable external foundry transfers and prepare new factories to have cleanroom space available to support future growth. These investments have uniquely positioned TI to deliver dependable, low-cost 300mm capacity with the ability to equip and ramp factories to support customer demand. We believe this approach supports free cash flow per share growth across a range of market conditions.

With our planned capacity expansions to support demand over time, we expect our internal sourcing to continue to increase. We expect to continue to maintain sufficient internal manufacturing capacity to meet the majority of our production needs and to obtain manufacturing equipment to support new technology developments and revenue growth.

Inventory

Our objectives for inventory are to maintain high levels of customer service, maintain dependable and competitive lead times, minimize inventory obsolescence and improve manufacturing asset utilization. To meet these objectives and to allow greater flexibility in periods of high demand, our strategy is to build ahead of demand our broad-based products that are used across a diverse set of applications and customers and have low risk of obsolescence. Inventory levels will vary based on market conditions and seasonality. We adjust factory loadings as needed to execute on this inventory strategy.

Results of operations

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (MD&A) should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this document. In the following discussion of our results of operations:

•Our segments represent groups of similar products that are combined on the basis of similar design and development requirements, product characteristics, manufacturing processes and distribution channels, and how management allocates resources and measures results. See Note 1 to the financial statements for more information regarding our segments.

•When we discuss our results:

◦Unless otherwise noted, changes in our revenue are attributable to changes in customer demand, which are evidenced by fluctuations in shipment volumes. Upturns in the semiconductor cycle are often characterized by rising customer demand, which drives higher revenue, while downturns in the semiconductor cycle are characterized by weakening customer demand, which results in lower revenue.

◦New products do not tend to have a significant impact on our revenue in any given period because we sell such a large number of products.

◦From time to time, our revenue and gross profit are affected by changes in demand for higher-priced or lower-priced products, which we refer to as changes in the “mix” of products shipped.

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◦Because we own much of our manufacturing capacity, a significant portion of our operating cost is fixed. When factory loadings decrease, our fixed costs are spread over reduced output and, absent other circumstances, our profit margins decrease. Conversely, as factory loadings increase, our fixed costs are spread over increased output and, absent other circumstances, our profit margins increase.

◦Our LFAB facility, which primarily supports our Embedded Processing business, was purchased as an operating fab and is continuing to ramp production, so we expect factory loadings to increase over time. As LFAB ramps, we expect Embedded to carry manufacturing costs that disproportionately benefit Embedded Processing operating profit as compared to Analog.

•For an explanation of free cash flow, see the Non-GAAP financial information section.

•All dollar amounts in the tables are stated in millions of U.S. dollars.

Performance summary

Our second quarter revenue was $5.46 billion, net income was $1.98 billion and earnings per share (EPS) were $2.14.

Revenue increased 13% sequentially and 23% from the same quarter a year ago with broad growth led by industrial, data center and automotive.

Our cash flow from operations of $8.7 billion for the trailing 12 months again underscored the strength of our business model, the quality of our product portfolio and the benefit of 300mm production. Free cash flow for the same period was $6.5 billion.

Over the past 12 months we invested $3.9 billion in R&D and SG&A, invested $3.3 billion in capital expenditures and returned $5.8 billion to shareholders.

Acquisition of Silicon Labs

As announced on February 4, 2026, we have entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Silicon Labs for $231.00 per share in an all-cash transaction, representing a total enterprise value of approximately $7.5 billion. Under the terms of the agreement, Silicon Labs stockholders will receive $231.00 in cash for each share of Silicon Labs common stock they hold at the time of closing, which is expected in the first half of 2027, subject to receipt of regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions. We expect to fund the transaction with a combination of cash on hand and debt financing.

In June 2026, we entered into a 364-day delayed draw term loan credit facility for borrowings up to $5 billion to support the Silicon Labs acquisition consideration and related transaction expenses. As of June 30, 2026, there were no outstanding borrowings on the delayed draw term loan credit facility.

Details of financial results – second quarter 2026 compared with second quarter 2025

Revenue of $5.46 billion increased $1.02 billion, or 23%, due to increased demand in our Analog segment and, to a lesser extent, in our Embedded Processing segment.

Gross profit of $3.35 billion was up $777 million, or 30%, primarily due to higher revenue, partially offset by higher manufacturing costs associated with our planned capacity expansions. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit increased to 61.4% from 57.9%.

Operating expenses (R&D and SG&A) were $1.03 billion compared with $1.01 billion.

Acquisition charges were $17 million due to transaction-related costs associated with our planned acquisition of Silicon Labs.

Operating profit was $2.31 billion, or 42.3% of revenue, compared with $1.56 billion, or 35.1% of revenue. This change was primarily due to higher revenue and associated gross profit.

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OI&E was $69 million of income compared with $48 million of income. This increase was primarily due to higher interest income.

Interest and debt expense of $141 million increased $8 million. See Note 6 to the financial statements.

Our provision for income taxes was $258 million compared with $183 million. This increase was primarily due to higher income before income taxes, partially offset by higher discrete tax benefits of $35 million, related to stock-based compensation. Our effective tax rate, which includes discrete tax items, was 12% in both periods.

Net income was $1.98 billion compared with $1.30 billion. EPS was $2.14 compared with $1.41.

Second quarter 2026 segment results

Our segment results compared with the year-ago quarter are as follows:

Analog (includes Power and Signal Chain product lines)

Analog revenue increased in both product lines, led by Signal Chain, due to higher demand. Operating profit increased due to higher revenue and associated gross profit.

Embedded Pr

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ITEM 7. Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations

Overview

We design and manufacture semiconductors that we sell to electronics designers and manufacturers all over the world. Technology is the foundation of our company, but ultimately, our objective and the best metric for owners to measure our progress is through the growth of free cash flow per share over the long term.

Our strategy to maximize long-term free cash flow per share growth has three elements:

1.A great business model that is focused on analog and embedded processing products and built around four sustainable competitive advantages. The four sustainable competitive advantages are powerful in combination and provide tangible benefits:

(a)A strong foundation of manufacturing and technology that provides lower costs and greater control of our supply chain.

(b)A broad portfolio of analog and embedded processing products that offers more opportunity per customer and more value for our investments.

(c)The reach of our market channels that gives access to more customers and more of their design projects, leading to better insight and knowledge of customer needs and the opportunity to sell more of our products into each design.

(d)Diversity and longevity of our products, markets and customer positions that provide less single point dependency and longer returns on our investments.

Together, these competitive advantages help position TI in a unique class of companies capable of generating and returning significant amounts of cash for our owners. We make our investments with an eye towards long-term strengthening and leveraging of these advantages.

2.Discipline in allocating capital to the best opportunities. This spans how we select R&D projects, develop new capabilities, invest in manufacturing capacity or how we think about acquisitions and returning cash to our owners.

3.Efficiency, which means constantly striving for more output for every dollar spent.

We believe that our business model with the combined effect of our four competitive advantages sets TI apart from our peers and will for a long time to come. We will invest to strengthen our competitive advantages, be disciplined in capital allocation and stay diligent in our pursuit of efficiencies. Finally, we will remain focused on the belief that long-term growth of free cash flow per share is the ultimate measure to generate value.

For more information about market and business characteristics, see the Business discussion in Item 1 of this Form 10-K.

Results of operations

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (MD&A) should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this document. In the following discussion of our results of operations:

•Our segments represent groups of similar products that are combined on the basis of similar design and development requirements, product characteristics, manufacturing processes and distribution channels, and how management allocates resources and measures results. See Note 1 to the financial statements for more information regarding our segments.

•When we discuss our results:

◦Unless otherwise noted, changes in our revenue are attributable to changes in customer demand, which are evidenced by fluctuations in shipment volumes.

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◦New products do not tend to have a significant impact on our revenue in any given period because we sell such a large number of products.

◦From time to time, our revenue and gross profit are affected by changes in demand for higher-priced or lower-priced products, which we refer to as changes in the “mix” of products shipped.

◦Because we own much of our manufacturing capacity, a significant portion of our operating cost is fixed. When factory loadings decrease, our fixed costs are spread over reduced output and, absent other circumstances, our profit margins decrease. Conversely, as factory loadings increase, our fixed costs are spread over increased output and, absent other circumstances, our profit margins increase.

◦Our LFAB facility, which primarily supports our Embedded Processing business, was purchased as an operating fab and is in the early stages of ramping, so we expect factory loadings to increase over time. Until LFAB ramps, we expect Embedded to carry manufacturing costs that disproportionately affect Embedded Processing operating profit as compared to Analog.

•For an explanation of free cash flow, see the Non-GAAP financial information section.

•All dollar amounts in the tables are stated in millions of U.S. dollars.

Our results of operations provides details of our financial results for 2025 and 2024 and year-to-year comparisons between 2025 and 2024. Discussion of 2023 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations” in Part II, Item 7 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Performance summary

Our strategic focus is on analog and embedded processing products. We sell our products into the following markets: industrial, automotive, data center, personal electronics and communications equipment. While all of these markets represent good opportunities, we place additional strategic emphasis on designing and selling our products into the industrial, automotive and data center markets, which we believe represent the best long-term growth opportunities.

Our focus on analog and embedded processing allows us to generate strong cash flow from operations. Our cash flow from operations of $7.15 billion underscored the strength of our business model, the quality of our product portfolio and the benefit of 300mm production. Free cash flow was $2.94 billion and represented 16.6% of revenue. During 2025, we invested $3.94 billion in R&D and SG&A, invested $4.55 billion in capital expenditures and returned $6.48 billion to shareholders.

Macroeconomic factors

In 2025, the overall analog and embedded semiconductor market recovery continued, though at a slower pace than prior upturns, likely related to broader macroeconomic dynamics and overall uncertainty. At the same time, global semiconductor shipments remain at levels below the prior peak. In addition, growth of semiconductor content in electronics has continued to drive demand for our products, particularly in the automotive, industrial and data center end markets, and we believe we are well-positioned with inventory and capacity to meet immediate customer demand.

U.S. legislative update

On July 4, 2025, the U.S. government enacted the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA). The OBBBA provides changes to U.S. federal tax law, including expensing of U.S. research expenditures and eligible capital expenditures, increasing the U.S. CHIPS and Science Act (CHIPS Act) investment tax credit (ITC) and changing other tax provisions. The effect of the new law resulted in a higher effective tax rate in 2025. For 2026 and beyond, we expect the effective tax rate and tax-related cash payments to be lower than they would have been under prior tax law.

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Details of financial results – 2025 compared with 2024

Revenue of $17.68 billion increased $2.04 billion, or 13.0%, due to higher revenue from increased demand in our Analog segment and, to a lesser extent, in our Embedded Processing segment, which were both impacted by the macroeconomic factors discussed above.

Gross profit of $10.08 billion was up $989 million, or 10.9%, due to higher revenue. Our gross profit was also impacted by higher manufacturing costs associated with our planned capacity expansions, partially offset by reduced costs related to increased factory loadings. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit decreased to 57.0% from 58.1%.

Operating expenses (R&D and SG&A) were $3.94 billion compared with $3.75 billion.

Restructuring charges/other was $117 million due to efforts to drive operational efficiencies to support our long-term strategy, including the planned closures of our two remaining factories with 150mm production, as well as a non-cash goodwill impairment related to our custom ASIC products. During 2024, we recognized a credit of $124 million primarily due to a gain on the sale of a property. See Note 11 to the financial statements.

Operating profit was $6.02 billion, or 34.1% of revenue, compared with $5.47 billion, or 34.9% of revenue. This increase was primarily due to higher revenue and associated gross profit, partially offset by higher operating expenses.

Other income and expense (OI&E) was $230 million of income compared with $496 million of income. This decrease was due to lower interest income. See Note 11 to the financial statements.

Interest and debt expense of $543 million increased $35 million due to the issuance of additional long-term debt. See Note 8 to the financial statements.

Our provision for income taxes was $709 million compared with $654 million. This increase was primarily due to changes in the effect of U.S. tax benefits, including the effect of OBBBA, and higher income before income taxes, partially offset by higher discrete tax benefits of $37 million, primarily related to our non-U.S. operations. Our effective tax rate, which includes discrete tax items, was 12.4% in 2025 compared with 12.0% in 2024. See Note 4 to the financial statements for a reconciliation of the U.S. statutory corporate tax rate to our effective tax rate.

Net income was $5.00 billion compared with $4.80 billion. EPS was $5.45 compared with $5.20.

Segment results – 2025 compared with 2024

Analog (includes Power and Signal Chain product lines)

Analog revenue increased in both product lines about evenly due to higher demand, which was impacted by the macroeconomic factors discussed above. Operating profit increased primarily due to higher revenue and associated gross profit, partially offset by higher operating expenses.

Embedded Processing (includes microcontrollers and processors)

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Embedded Processing revenue increased due to higher demand, which was impacted by the macroeconomic factors discussed above. Operating profit decreased primarily due to higher manufacturing costs and operating expenses, partially offset by higher revenue.

Other (includes DLP® products, calculators and custom ASIC products)

*Includes Restructuring charges/other

Other revenue increased $32 million, and operating profit decreased $198 million.

Financial condition

At the end of 2025, total cash (cash and cash equivalents plus short-term investments) was $4.88 billion, a decrease of $2.70 billion from the end of 2024.

Accounts receivable were $1.96 billion, an increase of $244 million compared with the end of 2024. Days sales outstanding at the end of 2025 were 40 compared with 39 at the end of 2024.

Inventory was $4.80 billion, an increase of $277 million from the end of 2024. Days of inventory at the end of 2025 were 222 compared with 241 at the end of 2024, which reflects the continued execution of our inventory strategy.

Liquidity and capital resources

Our primary source of liquidity is

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